Att skolan ska arbeta med hälsoförebyggande insatser beskrivs av Socialstyrelsen som anger att skolhälsovården ska vara en tydlig aktör i det hälsopreventiva arbetet som samhället riktar till barn och ungdom. Därtill betonas skolhälsovårdens medverkan i det hälsopedagogiska arbetet såsom hälsofrämjande undervisning eller individuella hälsosamtal. Utifrån ett individanpassat arbetssätt utgör hälsosamtalet en naturlig del av hälsoarbetet för skolsköterskan. Syftet med studien var att beskriva förutsättningar för skolsköterskans hälsosamtal med elever i skolan med fokus på individ, grupp- och organisationsnivå. Skolsköterskor inom den kommunala skolhälsovården med representation från tre län ingick i studien.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 the satellite states of the former Communist bloc immediately departed on a journey towards democracy and market capitalism. Among the many tasks of the newly elected governments, one was to transform the paternalist Communist welfare state into a social system that would decrease the oversized role of the state, at the same time as protecting the citizens from the hardships ensued from the transition.I have studied the evolution of new welfare systems in the Czech Republic, Poland and Hungary, three countries generally agreed as the most similar and most successfull transition countries of the Eastern bloc. Gøsta Esping-Andersen's prominent typology of welfare regimes, consisting of the liberal, corporatist and social democratic regime-types, has constituted the theoretical basis of the analysis. Simultaneously, applying new cases to the typology implies an element of theory testing.The study shows that 40 years of Communism and partial isolation from the West has not prevented these three countries from developing welfare states fully compatible with those of Western Europe and the Anglo-Saxon nations and that all three of them in fact fall within the scope of the corporatist regime-type..

Cambodia, in Southeast Asia, has tropical monsoonal climate with distinct dry and rain seasons. Many people are poor and live in rural areas. Farmers mainly culture rice, and raise pigs, cattle and poultry as well. During two months, a minor field study was performed in Cambodia. The main purpose was to evaluate the impact of contributions done by projects that started in 2005 and were managed by the local organization CelAgrid.

Purpose: The primary aim of the study was to analyse and discuss how employees with a secondary nursing education describe their occupational character whilst working as well as the conditions for caring acts in a changing progress towards professionalism.Questions: What are the conditions to provide a high standard of care in this changing progress? What influence does it have on the occupational character ?Method: Critical case study and focus groupsConclusion: One of the central findings of the field study was the identification of two occupational identities; traditional and pedagogical orientated. These two occupational character traits are connected with different types of occupational competence and demands different theoretical knowledge. They also have different regards concerning the new title; social omsorgsassistent. A conclusion of the study is that a professional project of a non-specific nature is unable to stress the different levels of knowledge and competence that occupational identities have when one seeking professionalism..

This thesis considers the development of the software for an, newly developed, embedded real-time control system, based on a Periferal Interface Controller (PIC). The control system is developed to be used for several different applications. In this thesis work, software for two different applications are developed. The first task is a time controlled system, while the other task is implementation of aPI-/PID-controller. A user interface is also developed and implemented.The time controlled system is an automatic horse feeder, which is used for feeding horses at certain predefined points in time.

Background and problem: Financial reports are created for the users as decision support. Stakeholders are often subjects to information asymmetry. Banks represent one of the primary stakeholders and financiers of a company, and place great emphasis on financial reports in their credit assessment process. The question is, however, how useful the financial information actually is. According to previous research, banks consider accounting information as troublesome in some respects, mostly due to accounting choices and judgments.

Mer än 25 % av äldre patienter lider av undernäring under sin sjukhusvistelse. Detta problem har varit känt i ett flertal år. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors bedömning och hantering av undernutrition hos äldre patienter som vårdas på sjukhus. Metoden som valdes till studien var en kvalitativ enkätstudie och dess svar bearbetades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultaten presenterades i sju olika teman: Den kliniska blicken, Samlad bedömning, Bedömningshjälpmedel, Registrering av kostintag, Psykisk hälsa, Undersköterskans roll och Tidsbrist.

Mer än 25 % av äldre patienter lider av undernäring under sin sjukhusvistelse. Detta problem har varit känt i ett flertal år. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors bedömning och hantering av undernutrition hos äldre patienter som vårdas på sjukhus. Metoden som valdes till studien var en kvalitativ enkätstudie och dess svar bearbetades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultaten presenterades i sju olika teman: Den kliniska blicken, Samlad bedömning, Bedömningshjälpmedel, Registrering av kostintag, Psykisk hälsa, Undersköterskans roll och Tidsbrist.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. The individual who fall ill can be in an age between 40-65 years old. When dementia affects individuals at this age, many relatives take their responsibility for taking care of them at home for a long time.The aim of this study was to illustrate emotions relatives experienced when a close family member's suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The study was intended to show relatives emotions, and therefor four self-biographies were chosen to read. The method used to analyze was a narrative literature review.

Swedish municipals schools have been given an assignment to convey basic values to pupils. The assignment is to bring up the pupils through transmitting and developing a heritage such as values, traditions, language and knowledge. Together along with the lasting knowledge which constitutes the community frame of reference everybody needs. There by is the purpose of this study through a qualitative method to investigate how the schools assignment to create a community national identity of the pupils is interpreted by the teachers in introduction classes. Even how the teachers in this study response to ?Swedish? culture by presenting and educate the pupils in this.

Resignations are common in all business sectors and can also be found among forest machine operators in the forest business. As the industry today faces a lack of forest machine operators it is justified to determine why machine operators choose to quit their jobs. The aim of this study was to a) find out the number of machine operators that have resigned b) identify and analyse the cause for these resignations c) identify the reasons why the machine operators started to work in the forest and d) give suggestions on different measures that will limit resignations amongst forest machine operators. A questionnaire was sent to machine operators who have quit working as employees, contractors or as employees for contractors with Holmen Skog during 2003-2007. 32 machine operators responded to the questionnaire. Interviews were made with 10 machine operators who had answered the questionnaire to gather more qualitative data. The results of the study indicate that fewer forest machine operators change profession than employees in other occupations in Sweden.

This essay describes my work as a director in a specialized orientation within psychodrama, surrealistic psychodrama. Using the language and performance techniques of theater and under the guidance of a director, psychodrama creates an improvised narrative or story. The essay describes several dramas I have directed, reflecting on my actions and choices as a director and group leader. I examine whether my working method has allowed me to be spontaneous and creative, which I believe the example of "The dangerous bear" demonstrates. The process enabled me to establish trust and receptivity so that a newly constituted group dared to investigate conflicts in symbolic ways associated with illness and death.

Background: Every day patient´s get isolated in hospitals as a consequense of infection control purposes. Physical isolation can result in lack of human contact and a new unknown environment for the patient. Those two factors can easily cause stress within the patient and create anxiety for the future. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe patient´s experience of being nursed in an isolation room. Method: The method that was used was a literature research, where earlier research findings were read and put together.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 2 utgör den vanligaste diabetesformen, och cirka 4 % av Sveriges befolkning uppskattades ha diabetes 2010, varav nästan 90 % av dessa utgjordes av diabetes typ 2. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att stödja och vägleda patienten utifrån dennes upplevelser och behov.Syfte: Att beskriva hur vuxna patienter upplever att diagnostiseras med diabetes typ 2.Metod: Denna studie är en litteraturstudie baserad på tidigare forskning kring diabetes typ 2, och kommer att fokusera på fenomen relaterat till patienters upplevelser av att få en diagnos. Författarna identifierade sex teman: Upplevelser och känslomässiga reaktioner vid diagnos, Information och kunskap, Lära sig leva med diabetes, Att förneka sin sjukdom, Eget ansvar och egenvård samt Syn på framtiden.Teoretisk referensram: Som teoretiskreferensram valdes  Afaf Meleis' Transitionsteori som bygger på tanken om att människor går igenom transitioner i livet av olika art.Resultat: Resultaten visade att deltagarna upplevde att få en diagnos som diabetes typ 2 på olika sätt beroende på hur deras liv sett ut tiden innan diagnos. Det framkom också att kunskapen kring diabetes varierade och att deltagarna hade olika behov av information och stöd vid tillfälle för diagnos.Diskussion: Att få en diagnos som diabetes typ 2 kan upplevas olika och vi har sett att det finns vissa faktorer som kan påverka upplevelsen. Faktorer som vi menar kan ha en inverkan är: den information och det stöd som ges vid diagnos, samt vilket bagage och vilken förförståelse personen i fråga har sedan tidigare..

Syfte: Undersöka hur nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor upplever sin första yrkesverksamma tid och om utbildningen upplevs ge en tillräcklig förberedelse inför yrket.Metod: En deskriptiv kvalitativ studie. Åtta sjuksköterskor som arbetat mellan åtta och 18 månader på en medicinsk avdelning intervjuades med semistrukturerade frågor. Alla var kvinnor och i åldrarna 24-36 år. Analysmetoden som användes var kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Det upplevs som en stor omställning att börja arbeta som sjuksköterska. Det var mycket nytt att lära och de upplevde yrket som ansvarsfullt, vilket kunde kännas skrämmande.