Aim: To examine the reaction of extreme preterm infants with regarding to body temperature and transepidermal water loss during skin-to-skin care according to Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) during the infant?s first week of life. Method: This was a descriptive quantitatively designed study, which was a pilot study within the framework of a larger project. Nine children, with a median gestational age of 24.91 weeks, were examined by measuring body temperature (axilla and skin temperature) as well as transepidermal water loss before, during and after KMC. Results: The study showed that skin temperature tended to rise during KMC, especially for those children who were nursed with KMC for more than 60 minutes.

Bilder av potentiella hot upptäcks snabbt och leder till en snabbare reaktionstid än bilder av icke-potentiella hot. Potentiella hot stjäl också fokus och kognitiva resurser, med en långsammare reaktionstid som följd. Rädsla, som kan mätas genom startlereflexen, leder till antingen ökad handlingsberedskap (snabbare reaktionstid) eller kognitiv distraktion (långsammare reaktionstid). Fem försöksdeltagare fick reagera på en visuell probe som lades ovanpå djurbilder, både potentiella hot och icke-potentiella hot i ett kombinerat reaktionstids- och startleprobeexperiment, där ljudstötar utdelades i hörlurar. Startlereaktion, hjärtfrekvens och reaktionstid mättes, varefter korrelationskoefficienter räknades ut.

Bilder av potentiella hot upptäcks snabbt och leder till en snabbare reaktionstid än bilder av icke-potentiella hot. Potentiella hot stjäl också fokus och kognitiva resurser, med en långsammare reaktionstid som följd. Rädsla, som kan mätas genom startlereflexen, leder till antingen ökad handlingsberedskap (snabbare reaktionstid) eller kognitiv distraktion (långsammare reaktionstid). Fem försöksdeltagare fick reagera på en visuell probe som lades ovanpå djurbilder, både potentiella hot och icke-potentiella hot i ett kombinerat reaktionstids- och startleprobeexperiment, där ljudstötar utdelades i hörlurar. Startlereaktion, hjärtfrekvens och reaktionstid mättes, varefter korrelationskoefficienter räknades ut.

Rapid economic development and urbanization has led to an improved standard of living for the Chinese people. Meanwhile, a series of environmental problems have also appeared and smog, in particular, has caused the Chinese people to realize how serious the situation is. Smog has seriously affected normal economic activities and people's everyday lives, resulting in financial losses, increased mortality and disease. How to handle the smog becomes particularly important. The purpose of this study is to describe and discuss the underlying causes of two sources of pollution, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide, as well as what drives individuals' and firms' environmentally destructive behavior.

The world is getting smaller. Global markets, political processes and communication technology bring people together. Even though many of these processes are dynamic and constructive, they have also resulted in a need for better and more effective ways of international conflict resolution. This thesis investigates central issues connected to the concept of humanitarian interventions in relation to current and future legislation of the European Union. The overall question is whether the rapid globalization process has resulted in a change of international law towards more liberal view where authorization of the security council is not always needed? And, if there has actually been such a liberalization, how does that affect the legal possibilities for the European Union to carry out armed operations without the consent of the global community?The conclusion of the thesis is that international law has been modified mainly in two aspects: First, the concept of sovereignty is no longer seen merely as a right of the nation, but also as a responsibility.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease, induced by an immune mediated reaction in the small intestine after ingestion of gluten and related prolamines. There is a strong genetic linkage and most important are the genes that encodes for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has developed new guidelines for investigation of CD in children and adolescents, which include genotyping for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Therefore, the clinical microbiological laboratory in Västmanland wants to introduce a method for analysis of these genes. Microarray is a newly developed method for determination of the alleles HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 that encodes for the ?- and ?-subunits of the HLA-molecules.

Ett flygsäkerhetsarbete bygger på ett förtroende mellan individen och organisationen. Det finns en brist inom Försvarsmakten rapporteringssystem, där fördelningen av rapporter med avseende på mänskliga misstag, är avvikande från vad som anses som normalt inom flygverksamhet. Varför avviker rapporteringen i FM från normalbilden? Ett perspektiv som kan förklara denna avvikelse är rättvisekulturperspektivet.Syftet är att diskutera huruvida den ojämna fördelningen av avvikelserapporter med avseende på mänskliga misstag i FM flygsäkerhetsarbete kan förklaras ur ett just culture perspektiv med fokus på regler och styrdokument .Resultatet är att FM inte är att anse som en rättvisekultur. Framförallt är detta på grund av den bristfälliga kulturella grunden, disciplinsystemet och skyddandet av rapporteringssystemet..

The change of control clause is nowadays a well used covenant in the Eurobond market, with the aims to protect bondholders in case of a leveraged buyout. This thesis intend to evaluate whether the change of control clause is a new phenomenon in the Eurobond market today and to estimate what have been the driven force for the popularity of it. The thesis found that the change of control clause already existed before and thus it is not a new phenomenon. Several factors where found though to explain the extended use of the clause today. Starting in 2005 the LBO activity increased rapidly, exposing almost every company to the risk of LBO.

The aim of this study is to investigate how employees in consulting companies develop their competence in order to perform their daily work. The focus is on informal competence development. The theoretical framework consists of theories concerning learning and competence development in working life, theories on organizational change and evaluation, a well as professional reflection. The methods applied are narrative research and interviews based on the assumption that knowledge about reality is only obtainable through language and communication.The main results show that competence is developed through experience, social interaction, communication and dialog with co-workers and customers. The post-modern conceptions of the rapid (technical) development and need to be up-to-date has a strong hold on the informants apprehension of working life, as does the notion of not having enough time for all the competence development they would like.

Sveriges ytstridskrafter hade länge en förmåga att hävda sig mot fiendens stridskrafter ute till havs på 1950- och 60-talen. Nedrustningsprogrammet av försvaret på 1960-talet innebar att teknikutvecklingen bromsade upp och flottans större fartyg kryssare, fregatter och jagare skulle bytas ut till en lätt flotta med små snabba enheter. Detta resulterade i att flottans taktik anpassades till ett tillbakadraget uppträdande längs med kustbandet och inom skärgården. Svenska officerare bevittnade på när Sovjetunionen rustade upp och utvecklade nya vapen och fartyg med robotar av högsta kvalité i Östersjöområdet. Detta hot medförde att officerarna i flottan ville satsa på ett långräckviddigt vapen för att bli mer jämbördig mot fiendens styrka ute till havs.Resultatet blev en svenskutvecklad sjömålsrobot, Robotsystem 15 (RBS 15), som infördes i marinen i början av 1980-talet.

This paper is about the different parts within the officers training that motivate the cadets to continue their employment within the armed forces after graduation, it also brings up the different parts that influences their motivation in a negative way. Six cadets from the 2011 class at the military academy at Karlberg have been interview in order to give their view on the following seven themes; reasons to take employment, collegiate attitude, comfort, study motivation, perceived education quality, the regiment and career. The responses have then been compared to the previous research at a cadet level which have been scarce. The result followed the previous findings about conscript?s motivation to continue their career and officers to end theirs.

The competitive environment forces companies to find new ways to meet their customers? needs and satisfy their wants. Companies have to get to know their customers and therefore they collect more and more information about them. The purpose of this study was to examine how convenience stores use customer information. To meet this case study?s purpose two interviews were carried out at both a central level as well as a local level at the studied company.

The margin in crop production is more and more less and it forces the producer to check out how to reduce the cost of establishment of new crop. One way to reduce the cost in establishment is to begin with plough less farming. It saves money and time compares to conventional soil preparation with plough and harrow. Not all soil types are god for plough less farming and should be continued with ploughing (mainly light soil), but other soil types working very well with plough free farming. If you want to success with plough less farming you have to think in new lanes. One of the things you have to think about is to not grow too much cereal after cereal. Low stubble is important when you harvest the crop and also to spread and chop the straw well. I have in this work interviewed some farmers and farm advisers in Östergötland to see which thoughts they have about plough less farming.

School leaders face the challenge of creating and maintaining learning during rapid and complex conditions. Some of the challenges associated with leadership based on authenticity in intercultural schools will be discussed. The purpose of this essay is to describe and gain an insight into three school leaders´ views on leadership in multicultural schools. The study is based on scientific articles and the survey consists of interviews with head teachers in different multicultural schools. The hermeneutic research approach has been the basis for this study through qualitative interviews and collected data for analysis.

SAMMANFATTNING Examensarbetets titel: Drivkrafter & Bromsklossar för Innovation i Professional Service Firms ? En fallstudie av två Big Four byråer Seminariedatum: 4 juni 2008 Ämne/kurs: FEKK01, Examensarbete kandidatnivå, 15 poäng Författare: Noel Lindell, Sebastian Sedeki, Christofer Österlindh Handledare: Håkan Lagerquist Nyckelord: Tjänsteinnovation, Processinnovation, Professional Service Firm, Big Four, Innovation Syfte: Syftet är att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur man arbetar med innovation och vilken syn man har på innovation i Big Four byråerna. Vi strävar efter att förklara hur man arbetar med att tillvarata inventioner, hur innovation uppstår inom olika fält och i vilken utsträckning. Ambitionen är att vårt resultat ska vara normativt för hur man ska kunna öka innovationsgraden i en Big Four byrå. Metod: Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie med abduktiv ansats.