As a small and land scarce country, effective waste management is ofoutmost importance in Singapore. In this study the production of biogasthrough anaerobic digestion from the organic fraction of municipal solidwaste (OFMSW) was compared to incineration of the waste. At the momentalmost all of the OFMSW in Singapore is incinerated. Three differentscenarios were compared to the reference scenario (incineration): one with alarge scale biogas plant that can treat half of all OFMSW in Singapore, onewith a medium scale biogas plant about 15 times smaller than the large oneand one with a small scale biogas plant that can treat waste from e.g. ashopping center or a food center.By using life cycle assessment (LCA) the different scenarios were comparedin terms of global warming potential (GWP), acidification, eutrophication,energy use and land use.

The municipal forests of Sala cover an area of 6 000 hectares, starting in the vicinity of the city and reaching north. At the same time as residents make abundant use of the areas closest to the community for outdoor activities and recreational purposes, the forest is of great economic value and also worth protecting for environmental reasons. These conditions make forestry in periurban woods more complex than conventional forestry, why a good understanding of the needs and demands on the forest and silviculture program is required. The purpose of this study is to depict the usage of the forests owned by the municipality of Sala, to set forth the common view of the silviculture program implemented by the municipality and to chart the expectations the community has on the forests and forestry of the future in the municipality of Sala. The survey part of this paper consists of the interviews of thirteen individuals representing nine interest groups. As expected the views of these individuals varied widely but some results were expressed by more or less all of them.

This essay is about the asylum and immigration politics within the EU. Due to the heavy criticism the EU has been exposed to from among others different kind of human rights organizations I have become interested to find out what kind of asylum and migration politics right now is being formed by the member states of the union. Thus the purpose is also to see if the EU is creating a policy within this area that intends to live up to the human rights obligations.My overall research question is:Which ideas characterize the asylum and immigration politics within the EU?The theoretical perspectives of universalism and particularism are used as two analytical tools in order to understand the phenomenon I am investigating and to identify its characterizing ideas. In my essay universalism and particularism are used as opposite ideal types.

I Sverige finns det 290 kommuner varav majoriteten äger skogsfastigheter. 60 procent av den urbana skogen ägs av kommuner, vilket betyder att strategin för förvaltning av de offentliga skogsfastigheterna får betydelse för säkerställande av bland annat frilufts- och rekreationsområden men även som markreserv för framtida exploatering. Enligt kommunallagen är det upp till varje kommun att formulera strategier för hur förvaltningsarbetet ska utformas och genomföras. Eftersom kommunernas uppgift är bred med ett konglomerat av uppdrag och tjänster konkurrerar ofta olika krafter inom organisationerna med varandra, vilket kan orsaka implementeringsproblem. För en del kommuner kan det innebära att förvaltningen av offentliga skogsfastigheter åsidosätts.

Between 1965 and 1974, the Swedish Parliament decided to build one million dwellings, called Million Program. The million program buildings were erected with new, untried design solutions, in a short range of time, and at low cost. The residential buildings from that time are now greatly in need of renovation. The municipal housing company, Gavlega?rdarna, renovates and improves the energy efficiency at some of it?s apartment buildings in the district Sa?tra, Ga?vle.

One of the main objectives of all food production is to produce foods that can safely beconsumed without fear of being sick. Despite this hundreds of people are affected in Sweden offood poisoning almost every day. Most cases are caused by a small group of so-called pathogenicmicroorganisms. The most frequently affected are the small children, the elderly, persons withreduced resistance and pregnant. The reasons behind the food poisoning are often ignorance andlack of food hygiene.

The question is who should govern and administrate a municipality owned urban forest? Should societies and the public be invited to participatory planning, who are the interested parties, could they be treated like a group and what are their opinions on administration and management? The study is carried out in a municipal owned forest Vitberget Skellefteå that is widely used by associations and individuals for recreation and training.This has led to several discussions in the local media about the management of the forest, especially in connection to harvesting. The work undertaken here has been to identify who has any interest in the management of the area. After identifying the interested parties, a selection of the societies, schools and pre-schools that actively uses the area as well as random individuals met in the area was interviewed. The questions asked can be divided into six main groups:? Communication with the municipality?s managers for the area? Interference from other activities? Views on forest management? Views on nature conservation? The uniqueness of Vitberget? Development opportunitiesThe crucial factors identified as being needed to succeed in managing an urban forest are long-term administration, information and communication.

This thesis was conducted at Mälardalen University in Västerås and Härjeåns Nät AB, mainly in Sveg. Härjeåns Nät AB is a network company that delivers electricity in Härjedalen municipality, Ånge Municipality, Ragunda and Bräcke municipality. The maintenance and dismantling of electricity and broadband networks generates a lot of waste. The purpose of this work is to present proposals on the management of the waste. The goal is that all of Härjeåns offices should have equal management for the waste and an overview of how to manage the various wastes.

Since the nineties the words customer, effectiveness and quality have become part of everyday school life. Municipalities? makes regular customer surveys to measure both independent schools as municipal schools ' quality. A common method for customer research and background studies is that parents and students are asked to respond to simple Web-based surveys. Customer satisfaction and/or customer dissatisfaction options are presented in tabular form, based on the percentage that expresses a particular position within a query.

Who is responsible for youth policy implementation?This thesis attempts to deepen our understanding of Swedish and Nordic youth policy. Youth policy is cross-sectoral and includes all the decisions and measures affecting the conditions of young people. National youth policy therefore concerns young people's life situations in a number of different areas, such as work, housing, education, health, leisure and influence. The purpose of the study is to increase the knowledge of youth policy work the last century by understanding the impact of youth research concerning adults' role in youth policy implementation. A mixed method approach has been applied to the study: interviews, documents and youth theory have been analysed.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur storkommunreformen 1952 genomfördes i dåvarande Sunne landskommun, Västra Ämtervik, Östra Ämtervik och Sunne köping. Sammanslagningen undersöks utefter två konfliktlinjer som uppstod under 1947-1951. Den ena konfliktlinjen gäller relationen mellan de tre kommunerna och köpingen. Den andra konfliktlinjen belyser kommunernas process gentemot staten.Undersökningen är utformad som textanalys av kommunala handlingar och tidningsartiklar från läns- och lokaltidningen. Metoden är att gå igenom materialet utifrån en induktiv process och i den slutgiltiga analysen följa en deduktiv process gentemot hypoteser mot materialet.

Among those who graduate from the various schools of Social work in Sweden are a great majority women. At the same time men are sought after in the work field.  But not just to level up the equality between the sexes, but also to fill a gender specific niche to counter up a need for male role models. But a closer look at this need and the types of functions set to cater for it shows that male role models as a concept vary between contexts. In this study we examine the concepts and the practices of male role models in three different settings: a municipal social care center offering young boys male bonding activities; a non-profit organization warding young people from drug abuse and criminal behavior; and last, a long term residential home for young boys between the ages 13 and 19. Our research shows that the concept of the male role model vary between the organizations and less so within.

Ämnet för uppsatsen grundar sig i en ökad efterfrågan av att kunna införa teknik och informationsteknik (IT), som är testad och anpassad för en verksamhet redan innan införandet. Vidare finns det ett behov av att, genom nya innovationer, uppnå långsiktiga strategiska mål inom vård och omsorg. Därför har Sveriges innovationsmyndighet Vinnova startat en satsning på testbäddar inom vård och omsorg. En testbädd kan liknas vid en innovations- och testmiljö där samarbete mellan vårdpersonal, företag och forskning kan ske för att ta fram produkter, processer och tjänster som är anpassade till den miljö där dessa sedan ska tillämpas.Denna studie berör hur utveckling och organisering av en innovations- och testmiljö kan gå till och vilka utmaningar som finns. Vidare tar vi upp intressenters roller och behov i utvecklingen samt hur innovation kan stimuleras i en organisation.

2010 utkom The International Integrated Reporting Council med en ny typ av redovisningsramverk vars syfte är att föra samman de nuvarande separerade finansiella ? och icke finansiella rapporterna. Den här typen av redovisning ses som en process där alla i ett företag är med och deltar och där både den finansiella informationen och informationen från de icke ? finansiella rapporterna är integrerade i verksamheten. En icke ? finansiell rapport, en hållbarhetsredovisning beskriver den ekonomiska, sociala och miljömässiga påverkan som ett företag har och ska också ses som en process i företaget som varken börjar eller slutar med publiceringen.

The Swedish ostrich production started about thirteen years ago and still there are no Swedish recommendations regarding ostriches? space requirements. The European Council give recommendations and the Swedish Board of Agriculture (SJV) has a proposal, but so far the producers follow Danish regulations regarding space requirements. The Swedish Animal Welfare Agency are about to set standards for the ostriches? space requirements, and therefore the Swedish ostrich producers, together with The Federation of Swedish Farmers (LRF) ask for a scientific background to these decisions. This thesis is a preliminary study at the prospect of a future experiment on which factors important for ostriches? space requirements and welfare will be examined more thouroughly.