Passive houses are a relatively new concept in Sweden and by that it is meant a house without a traditional heating system. The most acknowledged passive house project is the terrace houses in Lindås, Gothenburg, which we have used as a reference. This project concerns a square apartment block. So far, no square apartment block has been built as a passive house in Sweden.The common opinion in the construction industry is that it is not economical to build extremely energy efficient houses. With Peab as commissioner our task was to investigate if that is true, if regarding the construction of a multi storey house as a passive houseMidroc, now owned by Peab, constructed in the block of Preussen in Jönköping during 2004-2005 four houses, with 132 apartments distributed on seven floors.

The main purpose of the project was to identify potential environmentally harmful substances which can be leached from rubber asphalt. A method for analysing asphalt was developed and three rubber asphalt materials were analysed after being cryogrinded. One of the materials was also tested in a road machine made for testing of asphalt paving. The particles created in the machine were analysed in the same manner as the cryogrinded asphalt materials.The asphalt materials were leached by water during 24 hours. The leachates were extracted with dichloromethane, dried with sodium sulphate and concentrated to a small volume.

In the current situation a big part ofthe settlements that exist in Sweden isin need of renovation and energyefficiency in order to survive.Therefore, also many of the older houseswith a wooden structure are in a need ofenergy efficiency, which can be done ina variety of ways, including addinginsulation.This project deals with whether the useof a diffusion barrier or a vaporbarrier affects a wall structure byadding insulation to an older house witha timber frame. The insulation materialswhich are concidered in thisinvestigation are mineral wool and woodfiber insulation. Efforts are focused onthe effects of moisture on theseinsulation materials.To demonstrate the differences thatarise the moisture measurement programWUFI have been used to simulate avariety of wall designs. These designsare developed in consultation with theconstruction carers who are active inthe industry.Using WUFI graphs illustrating themoisture levels of the wall structureswere obtained and from these conclusionsvould be drawn. The work demonstratesthe differences that arise when using adiffusion barrier or vapor barrier inwall construction.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur receptionen av The New Look såg ut i svenska mode- och damtidskrifter åren 1947-1948, med syftet att se om denna centrala modehändelse lämnat några spår i den svenska samtida modejournalistiken, samt hur den i så fall mottogs och tolkades. Metoden är en receptionshistorisk, tematiskt upplagd textanalys. Undersökningen visar att de svenska modeskribenterna rapporterade om The New Look mellan våren 1947 till hösten 1948, i första hand under den svenska termen ?den nya linjen?. Resultatet visar att detta efterkrigstidsmode snarare sågs som ett allmänt parismode och sattes i samband med flera av Paris modeskapare, varav Christian Dior sågs som en av de främsta ? detta skiljer sig något från bilden av The New Look internationellt, i den traditionella modehistoriska litteraturen.

Den stora majo­riteten av de vårdrelaterade infektionerna överförs i mötet mellan vård­per­sonal och pati­ent. Flertalet bakterier har idag ut­vecklat resistens mot många antibiotika, vilket inne­bär att basala hygienrutiner blivit en mycket viktig patientsäkerhetsfråga. Hälso- och sjukvår­den har kommit till den punkt, då det snart inte finns några ytterligare medel att ta till i kam­pen mot de multi­resistenta bakterierna och den enda hållbara långsiktiga lösningen, är att för­hindra smittspridning genom strikt tillämpning av basala hygienrutiner. Syftet var att beskriva vårdpersonals följsamhet till basala hygienrutiner. Metoden är en litte­raturstudie till vilken 14 artiklar inkluderats, både kvantita­tiva och kvalitativa. Artiklarna framkom genom en struktu­rerad sökning i data­baserna CINAHL, Med­line och PubMed. Litteraturstudiens resultat visar överlag att vårdpersonals följsamhet till ba­sala hygienruti­ner är låg, trots mycket god kunskap i många fall.

Sweden is today often defined as a multicultural society. The implications on organizing and providing information in public libraries are many, since the systems presently used in the western hemisphere are not adapted to multi-cultural information. This thesis aims to outline ethical and practical problems that arise when organising and providing information concerning cultures other than western, and not least, when dealing with material in other scripts. With this theoretical framework the thesis examines the website of the International Library in Stockholm, a website built to serve users of different languages and scripts than Swedish. The research questions in this thesis are: 1, what specific problems can be distinguished within library work in a multicultural and multilingual environment? 2, what problems and needs were considered in the creation and design of the International Library?s website? And 3, can examples of problems and possible solutions of these be seen in the information and it?s organisation on the International Library?s website? The empiric material consists of the International Library?s website, and interviews with three informants involved in developing it.

IASB is currently working with the replacement of IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The new standard IFRS 9 Financial Instruments is said to be based on principles as opposed to the more rules-based IAS 39. This thesis examines the third phase of the project regarding micro hedge accounting. The expressed goal from IASB is to provide more useful hedge accounting information by reducing complexity of the standard. To examine the potential effects of the transition from the rules based IAS 39 to the more principles based IFRS 9, we have performed a case study on a major Swedish bank.

Bakgrund: Smärta är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till att människor söker akut vård. Adekvat smärtbedömning är förutsättningen för god smärtbehandling. Syfte: Att belysa resultatet av sjuksköterskans användande av smärtskattningsinstrument för bedömning av akut smärta hos vuxna patienter på akutmottagning. Metod: Litteraturstudie med ett systematiskt arbetssätt. Resultat: Val av smärtskattningsinstrument: VAS och NRS är tillförlitliga instrument för att bedöma akut smärta.

This paper investigates the compensation for risk in the context of the Swedish stock market with a special focus on downside risk. Using daily market data collected from the A-list of the Stockholm Stock Exchange between the years 1983 and 2005 the purpose is to answer the question whether Swedish investors are compensated for holding stocks with high downside risk, measured as downside beta. Using panel data analysis it is shown, in accordance with most previous evidence in international research, firstly that stocks with high beta values on average experience higher returns than stocks with low beta values, and secondly that stocks with high downside beta values experience higher returns than stocks with high beta values in general. On the other hand, cross-sectional regression methodology using a bivariate regression approach shows that downside beta does not explain excess returns very well. Instead, regression analysis suggest that high upside beta does a much better job in explaining excess return over this time period compared to downside beta.

This essay takes its starting point in the research on digital technology and theories on learning to apply the research on history teaching. The theories on learning from Illeris and Selander are used to find out how the digital technology should be used in upper secondary school, since there is no extensive research on how the new technology should be used in upper secondary school. From that point the essay?s primary goal is to investigate how teachers use digital technology, if they choose a particular study field while working with the technology. Furthermore it investigates whether or not the technology is an appropriate mode of operation when developing abilities such as historical consciousness and historical empathy.

SyfteSyftet var att undersöka hur TV-bilden av fotbollsstjärnan förändrats från 1970-talet till dagens TV-bild.Frågeställningar? Vilka egenskaper och värdegrunder förknippades den traditionella fotbollsstjärnan med?? Vilka egenskaper och värdegrunder förknippas den nya fotbollsstjärnan med?? Vilka faktorer har legat till grund för denna förändringsprocess?MetodJag baserar min empiri inledningsvis på kvalitativa litteraturstudier och sedan huvudsakligen på observationer gjorda på olika TV-produktioner om hur fotbollsstjärnan skildras i dagens samhälle. Jag har använt mig både av TV-produktioner så som nutida matcher i direktsändning och arkiverade sådana. Matcherna har jag observerat i sin helhet inklusive studiodiskussion.ResultatDen traditionella fotbollsstjärnan förknippas med följande värden och värdegrunder:? det korintiska amatöridealet? kalvinistisk arbetsmoral? kollektivism och lagfokusering? lokalförankring? gentlemannavirtuositet? atletisk fascination baserad på prestation.Den nya fotbollsstjärnan förknippas med följande värden och värdegrunder:? det korintiska amatöridealet fusionerat med den kalvinistiska arbetsmoralen? framgång? globaliserat kändisskap? atletisk fascination baserad på skönhet/estetik? glamour? mode och trend.Dessa faktorer har legat till grund för förändringsprocessen:? hyperrealismen? kulturfusionen? informationsflödet? globaliseringen.SlutsatsFotbollsstjärnan har gått från att ha varit en lokalförankrad folkhjälte till att idag ses som en trendig, modemedveten, målmedveten, ambitiös och professionell stjärna.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate, analyse and interpret the educational ideals of the ABF (Workers Educational Association) as they are understood by five members within ABF. The paper also examines how the educational ideals are represented in the national guidelines and statues of the ABF. The basic theoretical perspectives are intercultural theory and theories about Bildung and adult liberal education in a multi-cultural pedagogical environment presented by Bernt Gustavsson and Hans Lorentz respectively.The empirical study consists of five semi-structured interviews and a text study of the official documents of the ABF. The data is interpreted with hermeneutic and semiotic tools. Organisational theory focusing on organizational culture has also contributed to the study.The result of the study, when analysed in accordance to the methods, shows mainly four things.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to be used for the diagnosis and study of osteoarthrosis in the equine tarsal region. In the development of new diagnostic MRI techniques cadaver specimens are often used. To allow the use of cadaver legs for these types of studies it is important to know the effect of time after death on the MRI image. Since the relaxation times are temperature dependent, it is interesting to examine whether the time after death and the temperature of the cadaver may play a role in the image appearance and quality. The radio pulse sequences that show the different types of tissues are also important to know when pathological evaluation with MRI is used.

Hur har modejournalistiken sett ut och utvecklats sedan 1921 till nutid? Denna uppsats undersöker det genom att analysera artiklar ur Idun och Husmodern från 1921, 1955, samt deras respektive slutnummer ? Idun 1963 och Husmodern 1988. Idun och  Husmodern kan ses som föregångare till dagens tidningar med modeinnehåll och därför görs även en jämförelse med två av dagens största modetidningar ? Damernas Värld och Femina.Syftet är baserat på frågorna: Hur mycket utrymme får modejournalistiken? Hur ser texterna ut? Hur är texterna skrivna? Hur ser illustrationerna och fotografierna ut? Hur samspelar texten, illustrationer/fotografier och annonser? En kvalitativ text- och bildanalys görs på de utvalda artiklarna. Fyra artiklar per år och tidning, Idun och Husmodern, från 1921 och 1955, samt en artikel från deras respektive slutår analyseras.

Within all industries, there is a change in working time required; this also includes the construction sector. However, the way construction sectors are differentiated is by not having been given the opportunity to be practiced or tested.  The aim of this thesis that we have done in collaboration with the Concrete Industry was to investigate the possibility of developing an automated method for quality assurance of SKB at the site. The idea is to make the O-funnel to be more utilized and therefore ensuring that the appropriate concrete quality is provided which eventually would lead to a better development in the production process.The project has involved theoretical work and laboratory experiments. The theoretical work gave us a good foundation at the beginning of the project. After gathering the information and material, the laboratory experiments began by SCC in their laboratory in Hammarby. The collected data from the various laboratory tests formed the foundation for trying to relate measurements for consistency of SCC with each other and therefore find out how measurements from O-funnel varies with different concrete mixtures.