Syftet med vårt examensarbete är att genom barnsamtal samt observationer, studera vilka räknestrategier barn i år ett använder sig av i mötet med fenomenet addition. Det är dock inte endast fenomenet addition som är det intressanta, utan även vägen fram till en bättre förståelse för barnens tankar, detta för att vi ska vara bättre rustade i vår framtida undervisning. Då alla ser världen på skilda sätt, kommer barnen till skolan med olika förförståelse. Av den anledningen är det viktigt att pedagogen besitter verktyg, vilka kan hjälpa det enskilda barnet att utveckla sina kunskaper på bästa sätt. Frågeställningen vi avsett att undersöka är: vilka räknestrategier använder sig elever i år ett av i mötet med additionsuppgifter inom talområdet 1- 10? En viktig slutsats vi kom fram till under vårt arbete är att eleverna använder sig av olika räknestrategier samt att de har olika förkunskaper.

We got in contact with Marco AB, who we?ve had contact with before concerning earlier projects, to find out if they were interested in arranging a larger project for our last class (Examensarbete 15hp). They were very positive to this proposition, and soon they offered us a project regarding reconstruction of their current mechanical device that absorbs all the force from the lift itself when it is at a predefined level (sv. sjunkspärr). The current solution does fulfill the requirements that are given, however it is not a solution that gives a high level of satisfactory.

Att kunna använda sig av olika strategier för att kunna räkna och veta när man bör använda sig av dem är något som betonas i Lgr11. Denna studie undersöker huruvida ett urval av elever i år 6 kan variera sina räknestrategier för huvudräkning i uppgifter med addition och subtraktion och vilka de vanligaste felen som eleverna gör är. Vidare undersöks om eleverna använder sig av skilda strategier på samma uppgift, beroende på om den är satt i en text i ett vardagligt sammanhang eller enbart består av nakna tal. Som ett led i denna studie gjordes kvalitativa intervjuer med eleverna. Resultaten av studien visar att eleverna till stor del varierar sina strategier och att de generellt sett byter strategi från den nakna uppgiften till den i textform..

Vi har undersökt vilka räknefärdigheter en grupp elever i årskurs 9 på en skola i Växjö har i addition, subtraktion, multiplikation och division. Vi har avgränsat studien till att behandla de naturliga talen och decimaltalen. De metoder, kunskaper och de svårigheter som åskådliggjorts har vi redovisat. Vi har även tagit reda på elevernas begreppsförståelse kring de fyra räknesätten. Vårt resultat bygger på en kvalitativ metod som består av ett test och två kompletterande intervjuer.

Works on transparent paper, also commonly known as tracing paper, have been described as ephemeral or temporary working documents and they usually number large quantities in archival and museum collections. They have therefore previously been considered of lower priority and can be found in poor condition due to a lack of treatment or suitable storage prospects. In addition, transparent paper can be very sensitive to moisture and reacts by deformation or loss of transparency. Due to the volume of these works and the necessity of treatment, there is a call for simple and efficient conservation methods. A common solution in archives for the treatment of water-sensitive works on paper has been the use of heat-activated tissues as they can be applied without the introduction of solvents. There is little published about the use of heat-activated tissues on transparent paper and is mentioned only briefly in existing literature.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) detection of heavy metals is a cost- and time-effective method for investigation of polluted areas. Compared to laboratory analysis, XRF analysis is limited by high detection limits and uncertainties in some situations. Preparation of samples is known to affect the results of measurements.The purpose of this thesis is to bring a deeper understanding of how different factors affect the results of XRF-analysis. A large number of measurements have been made with the instruments Niton XLt 700 and Niton Xli 700. Results from measurements of lead, zinc and copper have been analysed.This study has shown that a greater moisture content will give a lower measured concentration for the same sample.

It is important for today?s farmers to minimize the costs for crop establishment, because of decreased prices and support from the EU. Farmers, who plow in autumn on heavy clay soil, often do some kind of tillage in autumn to get better soil structure before spring seeding. This is especially important when growing small seed crop, e.g. sugar beet and oil plants.

Safe retrieval of nutrients from human excreta to fertilize crops in order to gain adequate yields will increase food security and sustainability in agriculture areas with nutrient-poor fields. Safe and nutritious food will meet the dietary needs of the individual which promotes public health and the ability of an active life. Human excreta should be considered as a resource instead of being assumed as waste. Human faeces and urine is excellent fertilizers which may close the nutrient loop if utilized properly. However, sanitation of the excreta is required to prevent disease transmission by reducing the content of gastrointestinal pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and parasites. The objective of this study was to in small scale evaluate the sanitation in a combined liquid compost and urea treatment by monitor the inactivation of bacteria and viruses at the combination three start temperatures, 45, 40 and 35 °C, and three additions of urea, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % and reference, 0 % urea addition.

SCA has today almost 300 000 hectares of their forest land planted with lodgepole pine(Pinus contorta var. latifolia). Due to initial extensive planting in the 1970ies the area oflodgepole pine forests in the thinning age has grown rapidly from the end of the 1990ies.During the years 1996-2005 first commercial thinning of lodgepole pine at SCA took place.The goal of the hereby presented study was to investigate the growth and stability in thosefirstly-thinned lodgepole pine stands a few years after thinning. Furthermore, the objectivewas to investigate the relationship between stand stability and different stand parameters.Additionally, lodgepole pine stem quality was estimated.The study is mainly based on the data collected during an inventory project carried out atSCA in 2008. Altogether 91 lodgepole pine stands in northern Sweden were measured afterthe first thinning.

Vi använder oss av ett positionssystem när vi skriver tal vilket ofta är en oreflekterad kunskap, denna kunskap förväntas elever tillägna sig redan i årskurs 1-3. Vi har under vår verksamhetsförlagda utbildning sett att vissa elever har svårt att förstå detta system. Därför är syftet med denna litteraturöversikt att undersöka vad befintlig forskning säger om elevers möjligheter och begränsningar i lärandet av positionssystemet. Materialet samlades in genom systematisk litteratursökning i flera databaser. Litteraturen som sedan analyserades och kategoriserades bestod av tretton stycken forskningsartiklar, en avhandling och en proceeding.

It has been found that customers in the home market perceive the retailer?s store image more positively than customers in the host market, even though this study has found that theretailer?s store image is generally perceived very positively by customers in both examined markets. In addition, this thesis has found that there is a significant difference in how IKEA?smanagement and customers perceive its store image. It can also be concluded that IKEA management perceived store image more positively than customers.

This study was carried out at the request of the Swedish forest company Sveaskog which is an important producer of logging residues (branches and tops) intended for energy production. The company wanted to increase the average dry content to 60 percent in their delivered logging residues. At the time when this study was initiated, the dry content in the chipped logging residues originating from the Bergslagen district was at 52 percent. The aim of the study was to find out how windrows of logging residues could be arranged in order to help obtain desired properties such as increased dry content. Sveaskog had developed a system for evaluation of windrows and a standardized form was utilized to describe different properties of the windrows.

The corn plant came to Europe with Christopher Columbus in the 14th century and have ever since bin cropped here, but corn haven?t bin very common in Scandinavia until recently. The mainly use for this crop silage but even corn for grain is cropped in Europe. Corn for grain is a common part of feed in beef and chicken farming. In Sweden corn for grain is pretty rare but almost 1000 hectares are used for this crop, Lantmännen Sverige is the biggest buyer of corn at the moment.

This study investigates three different methods for evaluating MOE,Modulus of Elasticity, in field measurements. The purpose is toinvestigate the possibility to use dynamic measurement methods infield measurements that hitherto (2010) has been performed with staticmethods. The objects of investigation are 20 glulam beams. The firstfield measurement took place in november 2007 and applied a staticmethod based on the standard SS-EN 408. The second measurement,described in this study, took place during summer 2010, and appliedstatic as well as dynamic methods.The MOE of wood is affected by a range different factors.

This essay aims to explore the development of the common foreign and security policy within the European Union as well as the recent addition of the post of High representative in the field of the common foreign and security policy. This essay will attempt to achieve this trough exploring the questions; how have the aim of the European foreign policy developed, how the forms of cooperation has within this field developed and finally what impact will the recent addition of a high representative for the common foreign and security have. My aim is to answer these questions with the help of neo-functionalism.The results that came out of this essay point to the direction that the neo- functionalist premise about spill over effects and the notion about increased supranational influence turn out to have some validity in them. The study has shown that during the time the cooperation within the field of foreign and security policy have developed it is possible to see that supranational institutions will gain influence when the scope of integration within a policy area widens and deepens..