TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a transport protocol designed for the wired Internet. In wireless networks packet losses occur more frequently due to the unreliability of the physical link. The main problem is that TCP treats all losses as congestion, which leads to a lower throughput. Ad hoc networks are multihop wireless networks of mobile nodes, where each node can allow other packets to pass through it. Topology changes often occur and may lead to packet losses and delays, which TCP misinterprets as congestion.

Abstract:Today many adolescents have access to computers and mobile phones.  They prefer to socialize through these means which has led to a new kind of bullying, the electronic bullying. The purpose of this study has been to examine the electronic bullying from the perspective of gender, anonymity and the consequences that it may lead to. We have chosen a quantitative approach by using a questionnaire survey targeting young people between the ages of 15-16 years in Kalmar county. 163 respondents took part in the survey, 78 girls and 85 boys. The gathered material is presented by means of contingency tables and has been interpreted by gender socialization, deindividuation and dehumanization.

Current technology offers many possibilities for remotecommunication. Nevertheless, people with cognitive and communicativedisabilities have limited access to common communication technology like textmessaging via a mobile phone. This study is part of the project Text messagingwith picture symbols - a possibility for AAC users and people with cognitiveimpairments. Semi structured interviews were used to investigate three menand four women?s experiences of using Windows mobiles with adaptedfunctions for text messaging.

This is a qualitative study about child poverty within the school environment. The purpose is to examine how financial resources can affect the social standings of teenagers and how that affects them in school; how the school system view and work with child poverty as well as how they act within the legal framework that requires the school to be free of charge. This was done through analyzing earlier research and conducting five interviews with personnel at three schools for children ages 13-15. Our results show that social standing can be affected by a lack of financial resources, partially due to not having certain mobile phones or brand clothing, partially because they cannot afford to join in on social activities. Furthermore, teenagers view child poverty as shameful and a risk factor for social exclusion.

Clinicians in veterinary practice have responsibilities for the development of global antibiotic resistance. In some cases, antibiotics are contraindicated or even useless in wound treatments and therefore other options are needed. Antiseptics may be another option but their use are controversial and may be questioned by owners. As professionals, it may be very difficult to be able to motivate this choice of treatment. The aim of this paper is to gain knowledge about four antiseptics; iodine, silver, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and honey to make it easier for veterinary nurses and other clinicians in veterinary practices to decide their potential use. The assessment will be made with consideration of the available evidence concerning the properties, usability and the animal?s experience. The results showed a lack of evidence in in-vivo studies in horses, particularly studies within the field of veterinary nursing.

Denna rapport presenterar en utveckling av uDecide, som är ett sorts hjälpmedel för att lättare kunna ta beslut. Ett verktyg som man kan använda för att ställa frågor till andra människor med hjälp av en bild och svarsalternativ för att få ett personligt svar eller åsikt. Syftet med detta projekt är att utveckla en användbar hi-fi prototyp som i sin tur ska vidareutvecklas av webbyrån Roxbury och uDecidegrundarna. Arbetet utgår från en befintlig uDecide iOS mobilapplikation, och fokus har lagts på att förbättra användarupplevelsen och implementera nya funktioner. Med hjälp av förstudier och användartester har vi utvecklat en webbaserad, responsiv hi fi-prototyp.

Since feeding fodder crops to dairy cows is a heavy and time-consuming but often disregarded line of work, this study wishes to view the different possibilities that are currently available to decrease the time to feed and apply this knowledge on an existing farm. For this purpose, four farms have been studied due to what feeding systems that are currently used and how long time the feeding required. The occurring systems are either mobile, i.e. a feed mixer operated by a tractor witch feeds the cattle via a drivable fodder table, or a stationery mixer, i.e. an electrically powered mixer which fills an automatic feeder.

I många nätverk antas det att någon form av fix infrastruktur existerar och att nätverkets olika noder kan använda denna för att kommunicera med varandra. I ett ad hoc-nätverk antar man att det inte finns någon fix infrastruktur och att noderna måste använda varandra för att kunna kommunicera. Ett exempel på ett ad hoc-nätverk kan vara bärbara datorer sammankopplade med infraröda länkar under ett möte. När ad hoc-nätverket är mobilt innebär det att noderna rör sig.I detta arbete har de tre protokollen Epidemic, GeoMean och GeoMove tillsammans med de två rörelsemodellerna Waypoint och den utökade slumpmässiga vandringen implementerats i en nyskriven simulator för denna typ av nätverk.De två Geo-protokollen är nyutvecklade och syftar till att använda geografisk information för att underlätta kommunikationen i denna kategori av nätverk tillsammans med den nya utvidgade slumpmässiga vandringsmodellen..

The paper examines Philosophy with children as a pedagogical method for schools to practice. The questions I have posed are:Why philosophize with children and teenagers?How does Philosophy with children work?What, in the organized structure of the philosophical inquiry, can be emphasized as favourable for learning?How carefully is the structure of the philosophical inquiry really followed in practice?How can philosophy be applied as a pedagogical model?The theoretical framework of this inquiry consists of a discussion about a thirst for learning that exceeds the explicit and direct usability that motivates vocational training.I have used two different kinds of methods. The main method is a literary analysis of some of the literature in this field. This analysis is compared to field observations of children participating in communities of inquiry in school.The basic assumption is that practicing the ability of philosophical thinking can help children develop a more profound way of understanding who they are and how the world in which they exist works.

Abstract The use of electronic media plays an important part in the life of youth and especially Internet and mobile phones are important in the social and cultural networks of youth. The first step of this thesis is to examine the ICT-based activities of upper secondary school students through an online survey. The second step is to examine what didactic implications can be derived from the ICT-based activities in the subject of Swedish. Results from this survey and national and international research show that young people spend the majority of their leisure time on the Internet. The result also shows that media activities displace other school related activities such as traditional reading and writing.

Då dagens samhälle mer och mer styrs av någon form av informationssystem, ställs det också krav på att medborgarna numera även ska kunna identifiera sig i den digitala världen. Samhällskritiska tjänster som adressändring, bankärenden och deklaration har förflyttats in i den digitala världen i besparingssyfte då företag och verksamheter söker effektivare och mer lönsamma lösningar för dess verksamheter, och säker identifikation blir således viktigt för framtidens handel via elektroniska tjänster. Det är inte bara själva identifieringen som är av vikt för processen, utan även hur en identitet kan säkerställas på så vis att det verkligen är rätt person som döljer sig bakom den elektroniska identiteten. Utifrån detta ämnas denna rapport påvisa huruvida det faktiskt finns någon användbarhetsrelaterad problematik med den nuvarande e-legitimationen.För att ge svar på den forskningsfråga och uppfylla studiens syfte kommer en deduktiv ansats att antas i rapporten. Denna ansats sker med hjälp av enenkätundersökning med både kvantitativa såväl som kvalitativa inslag, och slutligen utmynnar detta i att forskningsfrågan besvaras..

The aim of this study is to get a deeper understanding about user tests as well as answer the question about if testing for users is necessary at all times. I've done a comparison between what the literature says, and what a company says, about testing. The tests that's been in focus in this study is prototyping and card sorting tests. Prototyping aims to give the developer feedback about the design and check if there are any obvious problems with the design. A card sorting test can be used to get input about how information architecture should be constructed.

IKEA HaparandaTornio employ some two-hundred people in its furniture retail store.Keeping track of staff statistics and employee information has previously been achievedthrough the use of a basic Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet. The store?s human resourcesdepartment requested an upgrade to this system with the hope of speeding up andsimplifying the administrative process, as well as to make it easier to monitor HR-relatedtarget statistics. The following report documents the development process of that upgrade ascarried out by the author. The project draws on research in usability design and cognitivepsychology to develop a user-friendly interface.

Six different Digital Proofing Systems from three different techniques have been evaluated as totechnique, printing quality, economy and usability. Digital proof from two paper qualities, coatedand uncoated, has been compared with references printed in offset, to see how good they match eachother. Only two Proofing Systems manage to print on reference paper. The other Proofing Systemsuse special paper for digital proof.Measurements and visuell judgement show that the Digital Proofing Systems visualise referencepictures with quite good quality. Proof optimised for coated paper visualise the colours with goodresult.

To be able to plan different treatments, accurate data is required. The collection of data is often expensive and that?s why the aim is to lower the inventory costs without loosing the accuracy of the data. Holmen Skog has in its strive to lower the costs, decided to evaluate two different methods for forest delineation, computer aided forest delineation and digital stereo view. This study?s purpose is to evaluate these two methods in regard to usability for a beginner and how good the delineation gets.