A new type of forest tree seedling, called mini seedling, has been developed by the University of Dalarna in Garpenberg, Sweden. Compared to traditional containerized seedlings that are grown for 1 ? 2 years, mini seedlings are grown for only 10 weeks. The mini seedlings are small, easily planted, cost effective, and reduce the amount of chemicals used in the nursery. Research has shown that mini seedlings tend to have higher overall survival rates than traditional container seedlings.

Fibromyalgi är en vanlig orsak till långvarig smärta och dessa patienter befinner sig ofta i situationer som påverkar smärtintensiteten och tillhörande upplevelse. Även bristande förmåga kan uppstå när det exempelvis gäller att delta optimalt i hushållsarbete, förvärvsarbete och fritidsaktiviteter vilket kan resultera i minskad livskvalitet. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka hur VAS-skalan kan tillämpas vid långvarigt smärttillstånd och att undersöka vilka andra smärtbedömningsinstrument som fanns att använda samt dess likheter och skillnader jämfört med VAS-skalan. Resultatet är baserat på tio vetenskapliga artiklar. I resultatet presenteras tre huvudteman: VAS-skalan och dess tillämpning, Andra smärtbedömningsinstrument och dess tillämpning samt Likheter och skillnader mellan VAS-skalan och andra smärtbedömningsinstrument utifrån syftet. Att använda fler än ett smärtbedömningsinstrument har visat sig ha goda resultat, då andra påverkbara faktorer bör skattas vid fibromyalgi.

Smärta är en subjektiv upplevelse. Människor tolererar och hanterar smärta på olika sätt, upplevelsen i sig är inte jämförbar. Sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde är att behandla och förebygga smärttillstånd. VAS-skalan är en smärtskattningsskala som ger viktig kunskap om hur patienten upplever smärta och det hjälper därmed sjuksköterskan i det dagliga arbetet för patienters välbefinnande. Syftet med denna kvalitativa intervjustudie är att belysa sjuksköterskors inställning och tillämpning av smärtskattningsskalan.

Background: The Swedish population is aging [1] and malnutrition is a common problem among elderly people [2]. A method called food registration is used to monitor the patients? nutritional intake, with the purpose of reducing the risk of patients deteriorating in nutritional status during hospitalisation. However, the current method is not satisfactory and many food registration lists are incomplete. [3-6] Thus, patients do not receive a qualitative nutritional care since the assessment of the patients? nutritional status is based on incomplete documentation.Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to increase the quality in the nutrition monitoring process in the geriatric units B72 and B74 at Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Sweden.

Det har skett en nästintill explosionsartad utveckling på den svenska marknaden för hävstångsinstrument under de senaste åren och en mängd nya produktinnovationer och emittenter har dykt upp. Handeln med Mini Futures är väl utbredd i Europa där det funnits under en längre tid, och produkten lanserades för några år sedan på den svenska marknaden. Syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga både emittenter och konsumenters syn på Mini Futures och analysera om dessa hävstångsinstrument är lämpliga för vanliga småsparare. Likaså vill vi undersöka produktens potential och hur framtidsutsikterna kan se ut på den svenska marknaden.Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuat personer som arbetar med eller i nära anknytning till handeln med hävstångsinstrument. Studien har även kompletterats med en kvantitativ enkätundersökning för att lyfta in investerarnas perspektiv.

Assessment of the level of the pupils´ knowledge and understanding are important parts of teaching. There are diverse ways to do this and many different tools to use.The purpose of this study is to explore, through qualitative interviews, how five teachers work with assessment. The focus lies on both how they work with assessment in general and how they use the assessment tools called »LUS» and »Nya språket lyfter!». The pupils´ participation in their own education is an important part of the Swedish curriculum, which is why the study also focuses on how the informants work to enable the pupils´ participation in the assessment and in their education.The informants all think that both assessment and the pupils´ participation in the assessment are important, since teaching is easier when the pupils are aware of what they need to know and learn. Many of the informants express that time is an issue when it comes to making the assessment trustworthy.

Background: The Swedish population is aging [1] and malnutrition is a common problem among elderly people [2]. A method called food registration is used to monitor the patients? nutritional intake, with the purpose of reducing the risk of patients deteriorating in nutritional status during hospitalisation. However, the current method is not satisfactory and many food registration lists are incomplete. [3-6] Thus, patients do not receive a qualitative nutritional care since the assessment of the patients? nutritional status is based on incomplete documentation.Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to increase the quality in the nutrition monitoring process in the geriatric units B72 and B74 at Karolinska University Hospital in Huddinge, Sweden.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine to what extent documentation of pain assessment with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) on patients with pain problems was carried out. The study also explored how the documentation followed the existing guidelines of pain. The material was analyzed with descriptive statistics and a qualitative content analysis. The results shows that 43,24 % of total 37 analyzed patient records contained documentation of pain with VAS on the day of hospitalization. All studied journals contained documentation of pain.

Mitt magistersarbete ?Mini House? är ett projekt som omfattar undersökning, formgivning, utveckling och paketering av en samtida svensk stuga inom kontexten för den svenska Plan- och bygglagen. Jag har gett projektet en engelsk titel då jag vill att det ska kunna ha relevans och ett potentiellt liv utanför den primära svenska kontexten.De s.k. Friggebodsreglerna tillåter en markägare att bygglovsfritt uppföra ytterligare en stuga på maximalt tio kvadratmeter på bebyggd tomt. Ett förslag att utöka den tillåtna ytan till femton kvadratmeter har lagts fram och skall fastslås i början av år 2008.En marknad för ?friggebodar? skapades snabbt efter att Friggebodsreglerna introducerades 1987, vilken inte har förändrats märkbart under dessa 20 år vad gäller byggmaterial, huskvalitet eller utseende och känsla.

The porpuse of this paper is to find out how three teachers working in years four to six in a Swedish school say they use formative assessment and how they use it in educational practice, and if there is a difference in the use of formative assessment between year four, five and six. Formative assessment is the kind of assessment that aims to enhance the student?s learning, as opposed to summative assessment wich is intended only to summarize student?s accomplishments. To answer the purpose, I conducted qualitative interviews with the teachers, and observations in each of the teachers? classrooms.

The purpose of this study was to investigate a Swedish assessment centre and more specifically the predictive validity of its assessments of ten managers from a Swedish technological company. The study was made by interviews with these managers' executives in order to find out how well their opinion about their employees matched the assessments made by the assessment centre consultants. The results showed that the congruence of the managers' strengths was 74% whereas that of their weaknesses was 59%..

This essay examines how high school teachers in physical education and health thinks about assessment and grading. The essay show how teachers assess pupils during lessons and how teachers grade their students. The survey was based on interviews, in which six different teachers answered questions on the topic of assessment and grading. The issues surrounding assessment was linked to the theoretical concepts of formative and summative assessment, to see if the assessment methods teachers use. The issues surrounding grading was related to the theoretical concepts of validity and reliability in order to see how similar the grading is.The essay provides a picture of how the assessment and rate again looks different teachers.

The purpose of this essay is to discover what Formative Assessment is used for in practice and also how teachers use the Curriculum for elementary school, preschool and after-school activity 2011 (Lgr 11) in their Formative Assessment work.The questions are as follows:What considerations do teachers take into account when assessing a student?How do teachers view assessment for learning?How do the teachers consider formative assessment works in relation to Lgr 11?I have used a qualitative research method to answer my questions. I have interviewed five teachers regarding their view on and experience with assessment. Using a hermeneutic approach I have tried to retrieve a deeper meaning from my interviewees regarding formative assessment. I have approached formative assessment using the socio-cultural perspective because I believe it to be the best fit.All of the informants believe formative assessment has made it easier to assess students and also that it works very well together with Lgr 11.

Sluttningshus. 3 kilformade bostadshus på en sluttning i Gröndal. På Sannadalsplatåns i centrala Gröndal finns en plats med fin utsikt mot Mälaren och Stockholms stad. Härifrån sluttar marken 22 meter till lekparken nedanför. Mot gatan, på Sannadalsplatån, är byggnaderna som lägst för att sedan växa sig som högst där marken är som lägst.

This study is about assessment, in particular formative assessment also called assessment for learning. The purpose of this study is to investigate Swedish and South African primary school teachers? views and ideas about this didactic tool. The motives for this investigation are based on the fact that correct used formative assessment supports pupils? learning process and the fact that there are few researches made about this subject in Sweden.