The foundations of the Swedish labour market have shifted due to a number of new circumstances affecting its framework. Employment is no longer a right taken for granted but rather something one should work hard to achieve. Given the new conditions, employers are not only trying to ensure their own businesses survival but also uphold the structures of our society. Competition between enterprises forces management to forge new boundaries to maintain profitability.Concerns have arisen whether or not these so called management strategies are within the limitations of the law. As a result and as a response to the design of the labour laws creativity is peaking to overrun the statutory regulations.

On the internal market within the EU, freedom of establishment under articles 49 and54 TEU stipulates that companies have the right to set up businesses in other MemberStates. On the internal market there are 27 different national tax law systems whichhave caused obstacles regaring taxation between Member States. These obstacles havebeen shown deterrent when a company enters a new market. One problem area is thelack of cross-border loss compensation for groups. This means that cross-bordergroups is over taxed when they are unable to set of gains against losses.

EU law is superior to Swedish domestic law, and it is on Sweden's responsibility to implement the COJ judgments so that it becomes compatible with EU law. The advantage of the Union being superior is the internal market given the member states.However, problems arise when the Swedish legislature goes further in its interpretation of EU law. Restrictions can be imposed but it must be considered to be strongly motivated so the restriction outweighs the need to maintain the freedoms granted by EU law. In Cadbury Schweppes, the court states that restrictions on freedom of establishment may be done to counter artificial arrangements whose sole purpose is to evade the national tax. Its further stated that an artificial arrangement does not exist in those cases there is a real business, even through the establishment in the low-taxing country is economically justified. The Swedish CFC rules states that the general rule is that if an establishment in a country within the EEA, which have lower corporate tax than 55% of the Swedish tax, the shareholder of this company is taxed on its current share in Sweden. The outcome of Cadbury Schweppes has not been made into a general rule, it became the exception. In addition to that in Sweden it is presumed that the company is an artificial arrangement that expressly are prohibited by the EUD, as well been implemented to supplement the rule, where the Swedish legislature changes the meaning of the term granted by the appeal. The Swedish legislature has amended the original economically motivated establishment, to be commercially motivated. The term is undefined, but applicable elsewhere in the Incometaxlaw and from this one can find that, for an establishment to be considered as commercially motivated the decisions to establish should be taken to promote normal profit-making enterprises based upon commercially motivated decisions..

In 1929, the Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory was established in Chicago?the first of its kind in the United States. The purpose was to engage in practical use of scientific methods in the detection of crime. In 1930, the institute published its own periodical called The American Journal of Police Science. Applying the theory of boundary-work, this essay analyses how the novelty institute argued its legitimacy as a scientific establishment through the expansion of Police Science as a collective field of knowledge.

Introduktion: En alltmer globaliserad värld där personer som immigrerat och personer från minoritetsgrupper generellt sett har en sämre hälsa än övriga befolkningen, ställer nya krav på sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Att identifiera patienters behov och önskemål i den transkulturella omvårdnaden Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Patienter inom den transkulturella omvårdnaden lyfte behov och önskemål i kommunikationen, bemötandet och strukturen. De behov och önskemål patienter har relaterat till kommunikation är knutna till information, språkligt stöd och stöd i samtalet med vårdpersonalen. Strukturen berör tillgängligheten till vården.

The foundations of the Swedish labour market have shifted due to a number of new circumstances affecting its framework. Employment is no longer a right taken for granted but rather something one should work hard to achieve. Given the new conditions, employers are not only trying to ensure their own businesses survival but also uphold the structures of our society. Competition between enterprises forces management to forge new boundaries to maintain profitability.Concerns have arisen whether or not these so called management strategies are within the limitations of the law. As a result and as a response to the design of the labour laws creativity is peaking to overrun the statutory regulations.

Klimatförändringen är en aktuell fråga och ett förändrat klimat kommer att inverka på  utbredningen av vektor-burna sjukdomar såsom malaria. Malaria är en sjukdom som är extremt klimatkänslig och det dör miljontals människor i sjukdomen varje år. Syftet med studien är att se vilka samband som finns mellan malaria och klimatförändringen i Sverige. Finns någon risk för malariaspridning i Sverige år 2100 på grund av den pågående klimatförändringen. Studien baseras på fem intervjuer med forskare som är insatta i malaria och klimatförändringen.

The purpose of this essay was to examine how youths are described in certain written statements that are produced by the social services. The statements that this study has focused on, are those written with the purpose of serving the court with suggestions of treatment-measures when a person between 15 and 18 is suspected of having committed a crime. The main issues were: How is the content in these statements described and what do these descriptions tell the reader? Do the images of youths in the statements differ, depending on the degree of intervention for the suggested treatment-measure? The essay is based on a qualitative content-analysis of 50 statements and the material has been analysed from a social-constructive theoretical perspective.The study shows that the youths in the statements are described through descriptions that reinforces a positive or a negative image of the youth, and that these descriptions are described as either utterances or facts. Depending on the degree of intervention for the suggested treatment-measures, the information in the statements differ in that descriptions that are likely to reinforce a positive image of the youth are more frequent in the statements where no or less intervening treatment-measures is suggested.

AbstractAtt vara papperslös innebär att leva utan uppehållstillstånd med avsaknaden av de rättigheter som svenska medborgare har. Denna rättslösa status i kombination med att vara kvinna kan innebära en ökad sårbarhet för diskriminering, våld och förtryck (Bexelius, 2008). I föreliggande studie har 5 yrkesverksamma kvinnor från 4 olika kvinnojourer i Stockholm och närliggande städer intervjuats om deras möten och arbete med papperslösa kvinnor. Fokus har legat på deras kunskap om målgruppen, hur de arbetar praktiskt, vilka perspektiv de utgår från samt hur de beaktar de mänskliga rättigheterna i sin strävan mot att förbättra papperslösa kvinnors livsvillkor. Vi har redogjort för tidigare forskning om globaliseringen, kvinnors migration, medborgarskap, välfärdsstaten, civilsamhället samt i bakgrunden beskrivit kvinnojoursrörelsens framväxt, kvinnojourernas uppdrag och utmaningar, det feministiska perspektivet och kulturell kompetens i förhållande till papperslösa kvinnor.

The aim of this thesis in Archival Science was to explore the concept of electronic archives and the challenges that might be encountered when attempting to move archives into a new digital age, as well as having a closer look at the term e-archive itself. Another aim was to explore how the OAIS reference model works in practice.To explore these questions I decided to do a case study on E-Arkiv Stockholm, a functioning e-archive. I decided to do a study on several documents that were created throughout the project, these included documents related to the planning of the archive, as well as the final report. My reason for this method was that these docu-ments came straight from reality and would give a clear and unbiased view of the project and it?s many aspects.Examination of the documents showed that the OAIS reference model and its concepts had been the foun-dation of much of the planning.

Mobile telecom and the Internet are converging, which opens new possibilities for market actors to create business through the mobile handset. At the same time market experts are predicting that mobile operator?s existing dominance in the telecom market will in the future decline as new technology such as VoIP and services will erode the operator?s traditional revenue model. This implies that mobile operators will need to rethink their dominant business logic to create new value for their customers. Mobile operators are aiming to expand their existing revenue model through advertising in the mobile handset and are searching to create new business models that evolve advertising sales.

The freedom of establishment is a fundamental right on the internal market which enables companies to take up and pursue activity in other member states, ?host states?, in a non discriminatory way. In situations where a company wishes to use the right to establish in a host state, complications will be discovered since the member states are applying different principles for deciding the nationality of a company. Since the Treaty of the Function of the European Union recognize both principles, and both of the legal areas company law and European international private law lack harmonization regarding companies wishing to perform such a transaction, the situation today brings the possibility that such a company could be covered by the legal system of several member states, or maybe no legal system at all.The Court of Justice of the European Union has through case law contributed to make the scope of the freedom of establishment a little bit clearer but there are still difficulties regarding situations when a company wishes to transfer its seat to another member state with a change of nationality. Today?s measures, for example the SE-company, is not enough to satisfy the companies wishing to transfer their seat to another member state.

Denna rapport syftar till att utreda och klargöra de allmänna lämplighetsvillkoren vid fastighetsbildning (som finns beskrivna i 3 kap. 1 § fastighetsbildningslagen) och hur denna paragraf ska tolkas vid lämplighetsprövning.Detta har gjorts genom en rättsfallsstudie, där fokus lagts på hur paragrafen har tolkats i rättspraxis. Rättsfallsstudien har sedan kompletterats med propositionsanalyser och litteraturstudier. I uppsatsen har de 58 rättsfall som legat till grund för rättsfallsstudien redovisats för sig för att sedan analyseras och tolkas.Slutsatserna av arbetet presenteras i form av riktlinjer för vad som ska beaktas vid lämplighetsprövning. Riktlinjerna bygger på observerade tolkningar i rättspraxis och är menade att underlätta tolkningen av paragrafen.

Introduktion: Sverige är ett mångkulturellt samhälle och invandringen frånutomeuropiska länder har ökat de senaste decennierna. Fler kvinnor med annan kulturellbakgrund genomgår en graviditet och förlossning i Sverige än tidigare. Detta innebär attbarnmorskor möter kvinnor med annan uppfattning av graviditet och förlossning inommödravården. Mödravården fyller en viktig funktion för kvinnor i det förebyggandetarbetet under graviditeten. Många studier inom området fokuserar främst på kvinnormed annan kulturell bakgrund och deras upplevelser inom hälso- och sjukvården.

Migrationsverket har kritiserats hårt för att inte ha tillräcklig kunskap i homo-, bi- och transsexualitetsfrågor, eftersom människor nekats uppehållstillstånd trots att de uppfyllt kriterierna. Samkönade par har inte behandlats som par i ansökningsprocessen. Människor med "fel" sexualitet har fram till 2005 inte beviljats asyl med sin sexuella läggning som skäl, eftersom det inte klassats som tillräcklig förföljelsegrund för flyktingstatus. Praktiker som dessa har kritiserats för att utgå från en heteronormativ diskurs som är diskriminerande.Queerfeministisk teori kritiserar samhälleliga normer som påverkar hur människor behandlas. Med hjälp av en queerfeministisk teori urskiljs och analyseras heteronormativa diskurser i svensk migrationspolicy.