During the late 1800s fire suppression became increasingly effective in northern Sweden which led to decreased areas of fire-disturbed woodland and successive changes in the structure of forests. In the long run this can pose a serious threat to fire-dependent and fire-favored species. Today some fire-prone forest reserves are burned as a nature conservation act. Often partial cuttings are made before burning, with somewhat different motives. The purpose of the study in Långsidberget nature reserve was to give a general picture of forest history and its affect on today?s forest condition, and to show how partial cuttings affect burning conditions and results. Långsidberget is located close to areas that were colonized during the Middle Ages.

Energy is an essential part of the society and for a sustainable future we need to use the energy resources in a sustainable way. The forest is Sweden?s most important resource for renewable energy and a higher production combined with shorter rotation periods (time from planting to clear cutting) can increase the access to energy. The tree genus poplar (Populus spp.) is interesting as energy resource as it has both high production and short rotation period. But browsing ungulates are a major threat to the establishment of poplar plants and therefore the poplar plantations need to be fenced in today. To use fences is expensive and time consuming; this makes it interesting to find more cost-effective solutions where there is no need to fence. The aim with this study was to look at the ungulates? occupation rate and browsing pressure in poplar plantations without fence.

It is important to construct or recreate different types of wetlands and study their retention of nutrients, since knowledge of their effectiveness in this matter is poor. In 2003 a wetland was constructed on an old meadow on the western shore of Lake Bornsjön in central Sweden. The main purpose of the wetland was to reduce the amount of phosphorus entering the lake, which is the back-up water supply for Stockholm when the city cannot obtain water from Lake Mälaren. Large areas around Lake Bornsjön consist of agricultural land and the nutrient concentrations in the inflows to the lake are usually relatively high (approx. 1 mg/l total nitrogen and 0.05-0.1 mg/l total phosphorus).

A cattle producer that buys calves that are younger than six months to the herd should have a starter stable to prevent infection spreading in the herd. According to the Swedish animal welfare regulation there has to be a starter stable if more than 50 calves that are younger than four months are bought in yearly to the herd. The aim of the study was to improve the knowledge about bovine buildings and management of starter stables to obtain optimal weight gain and health of the calves. The hypothesis 1) The younger the calves are when purchased, the higher the calf mortality and 2) Purchasing calves from a high number of herds involves a higher risk of calf health problems and calf mortality were tested in the study. The objective of the study was to give advices by way of presenting ideal solutions of how a starter stable should be constructed and managed. A field study was done during June to September 2008 to collect knowledge and experience from existing starter stables.

Styrketräning har historiskt sett tillskrivits som en farofylld aktivitet för barn- och ungdomar.Rekommendationer från förr ger ungdomar klartecken att styrketräna först när de växt färdigt, alltså vuxen ålder. Styrketräning har dock genom modern forskning visat sig vara väldigt fördelaktigt även för barn- och ungdomar då träningsformen kan bidra med en mängd hälsovinningar. Dagens idrottande barn- och ungdomar utför ofta skadefyllda idrotter såsom fotboll, hockey och friidrott vilka skulle kunna vara betydligt mindre skadefyllda om utövarna ökar sin kroppsliga kompetens, bentäthet och styrka som styrketräning medför. Eftersom skolväsendet är den perfekta grogrunden för kunskap så vore även utbildning om- och utövande av styrketräning optimalt under dess tidiga stadium.Syftet med forskningsstudien är att undersöka unga idrottslärares attityder till styrketräning för låg- och mellanstadieelever inom ämnet idrott och hälsa. De frågeställningarna som ämnas undersökas är; 1) Vilka attityder till styrketräning för barn i låg- och mellanstadiet finns representerade hos respondenterna? 2) Hur påverkar idrottslärarnas attityder till styrketräning för barn i låg- och mellanstadiet idrottsundervisningen och i förlängningen elevernas hälsa? 3) Är idrottslärarnas tankegångar om styrketräning för barn i låg- och mellanstadiet förankrade i modern forskning eller bygger de på historiska föreställningar och rekommendationer?Studien är av kvalitativ natur då attityder och åsikter undersöktes.

Sverige är ett av världens mest individualistiska länder. Befolkningen utgörs till 46 procent av singlar och den största gruppen singlar är kvinnor i åldersgrupperna övre medelålder och äldre (Statistiska centralbyrån, 2012). Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att öka kunskapen kring hur svenska heterosexuella kvinnor i gruppen övre medelålder upplever singellivet.Jag använde mig utav välkända teorier och begrepp inom sociologin. De tillämpade teorierna och teoretiska begreppen var individualism, rena relationer, tvåsamhetsnormen och identitetsskapande utifrån teorier som spegeljaget och könsidentitet/könsroller.Undersökningsproblemet bestod i att beskriva kvinnornas upplevda positiva och negativa aspekter utav singellivet, hur deras förutsättningar av att leva som singlar i samhället påverkades av omgivningens attityder samt vilken betydelse det hade för deras identitet.Jag valde en deskriptiv metodansats och genomförde en kvalitativ studie i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Jag genomförde fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor mellan 53 och 64 år som var skilda och hade barn från tidigare äktenskap.Resultatet visade att de positiva aspekterna av singellivet var upplevelsen av självständighet, frihet och kontroll.

Problemfomulering: Ystad, som är beläget längs Skånes sydkust, har länge varit utsatt för kusterosion. När det blåser över Östersjön genereras vågor som orsakar uppspolning och direkt erosion av klitterna på stranden. Ett av de mest utsatta områdena är Ystads Sandskog, beläget öster om Ystads centrum. Här karakteriseras strandprofilen av en relativt kort strand med klitter som skyddar den låglänta bakomliggande terrängen. Vid en eventuell framtida klimatförändring med högre vågor och vattenstånd riskerar den redan utsatta kuststräckan att drabbas ännu hårdare.

AbstractA Problem to Every SolutionThe Corrymeela Community, René Girard and the ambiguous pluralismThe main purpose of this study is to examine how Girard´s ideas of society, culture andreligion have become part of the reflexion in the praxis of Corrymeela Community through the work of Roel Kaptein and how this praxis can shed light over the work with dissonances of faith and values in education in RE, Social Studies and other subjects.In earlier publications I have studied how dissonances of faith and values can beunderstood in educational settings and in connection with issues of interreligious dialogue.The extensive discussion of how differences in culture, religion and value in a pluralisticsociety are to be analysed and treated in pedagogical reflexion seems to increasingly occupyactors in different parts of the educational system. It is obvious that these issues also arebrought into focus as an important field of research. My main interest in this paper is to study how a reconciliation group in the middle of the conflict in Northern Ireland has developed a view of conflict reason and conflict resolution under the influence of the French researcher René Girard and what aspects of this study that can improve the reflection over pluralism and dissonances of faith and values in everyday praxis in education.For a period of more than a decade I have been in contact with actors in the peace process inNorthern Ireland in connection to different educational projects. The attempts to analyse the different aspects of ?The Troubles? and the efforts to find ways out of conflicts and civil war are many and the literature on subjects related to these tragic history of social, cultural and religious conflicts is difficult to survey.

AbstractAuthor: Annelie JohanssonYear: Spring 2006Swedish title: Att producera eller reproducera text? En studie av fem gymnasiepojkars arbetemed skrivprocessen i en provsituation.English title: To produce or reproduce text in essays. A studie of five high school boys? workwith the writing process in a test situation.City, university: Växjö, Växjö Universitet, institutionen för humaniora [Växjö, Växjö University, School of the Humanities]Pages: 53Content:The major aim of this study is to investigate how five male high school students in the ages seventeen to eighteen produce or reproduce in their texts during an essay examination. Focus is also put on the five students? writing processes in a classroom situated writing task and on their own comments to their writing.

Pets like dogs and cats have a considerable importance for humans and research demonstrate a variety of positive economic and social effects in society due to our pet companions. The presences of pets are increasing on a global scale with correlation to economic development in low- and middle income countries. For example dogs have doubled in India over a five year period. The feed industry for dogs and cats is also the fastest growing sector in the food industry and certain pets have a significant animal protein intake which, depending on the choice of resources may provide a high ecological footprint. Examples of environmental effects with distribution and manufacturing of pet food are increased greenhouse gas emissions, waste, use of water and energy.

Dressage schooling is not a subject that rests on science, it is a matter of dependable experience. So far there hasn?t been so much research about it, but more and more is done. Especially the interaction between rider and horse is a nearly uninvestigated field. Riding skills is much about having the right position, and having the horses head and neck in different positions, but there are no research done that support or deny that this old ?knowledge? is for the best for the horse. This study was performed to evaluate if the head and neck position of the horse, and the velocity, has any influence on the position of the rider.

Servera R&S AB is Sweden?s largest wholesale company within the restaurant and food service industry. Servera R&S AB is the daughter company to Axel Johnson AB, which in turn is a part of the Axel Johnson Group with Antonia Ax:son Johnson as the owner. Servera is a nation wide company with a business concept of offering a complete selection of merchandise and services to the professional food service market. The company is split into for different regions: the north region, the middle region, the southwest region, and the southeast region and has its headquarter in Stockholm.

This degree project is based on my personal relation and engagement to the small-scaled cultural landscape. My viewpoint is the village Torpa in Östergötland. My observations of the changes and development together with the stories of the village people has lead me to the questioning about the future prospects of the small-scaled cultural landscape. The rationalization of the society and our urban culture has lead to big changes in the cultural landscape and the people have reduced to a small crowd. Fewer and fewer hands are managing the small-scaled cultural landscape and fewer and fewer young people have connection to this kind of landscape and its management.

The global biodiversity loss is mainly due to human activities such as an intensification of forestry. Boreal forest ecosystems in Fennoscandia are characterized by disturbances such as forest fires, storms and floods. However, industrial forestry practices suppress forest fires and change the landscape, leading to a loss of habitats and associated species. Particularly lichen species with slow adaptation abilities and a strong substrate specificity face an extinction debt in boreal forests since their substrates are long-lived but no longer created. In this study the species-substrate relationship of two red-listed forest-fire dependent lichen species Carbon-icola anthracophila and C.

The purpose of this work has been to investigate if there are any differences in the valuation process at infringements when highway and railway are built. The work has mainly been concentrated on the negotiation process in which The National Railway Department (Banverket) and The National Road Administration (Vägverket) try to get agreements with the land owners. The agreement includes compensation for infringement effects that affects the landowner?s property. The National Road Department uses the road law (Väglagen) when a highway shall be built.