AbstractProblem-based learning (PBL) was from the beginning developed in medical school, but is today used in education in other programmes as well. Investigations about PBL have been conducted in different disciplines and there is also metastudies. In this paper, a metastudy of 8 bachelor degree papers have been conducted. The questions answered were: which methods were used to investigate PBL in primary, lower secondary and upper secondary school,which advantages were found in working according to the PBL method, which disadvantages were found in working according to the PBL method and did teachers and students views about advantages and disadvantages about PBL as a method differ and if they did, how? The results showed that mostly qualitative methods were used to investigate the PBL as a method, mostly abilities of social qualities and independence were trained in working according to PBL, a disadvantage was that working according to the PBL method was considered more resourse consuming than traditional teaching methods and teachers and students views about PBL did not differ considerably.

Violence against women is an extensive social problem that concerns us all. The women who seek health- and medical services when they have been exposed to violence and abuse have the right to expect being well taken care of and treated by competent and understanding personnel. A kind reception can make the patient feel comfortable enough to talk about their situation. The aim of this literature review was to determine how you as a nurse should treat a woman who has been exposed to battery, to be able to offer a professional and individual care. The frame of reference is Gustafsson´s SAUK-model since the acknowledged care aim to maintain and strengthen the human´s self-judgement and self-determination.

Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit tudelat, med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Den första har syftat till att undersöka vilken ställning historieämnet har haft i läro- och kursplaner, från år 1962 till 2012. Analys skulle också ske över vilken historia elever möter genom läromedel i historieundervisningen, vilket har skett utifrån Staffan Selanders definition av pedagogisk text-traduktion. Den kvantitativa innehållsanalysen har berört vilka och antalet begrepp eleverna möter i epokskildringen av häxprocesserna. Resultatet har visat att historieämnet som en del av styrdokumenten ständigt har haft en hög status, trots att det i den samhälleliga kontexten har gått att utläsa motsatt scenario.

The purpose of this study is to provide a longitudinal examination, within grocery retailing, of four marketing tools and their impact on enhancing customer loyalty. The study examines whether the relationship between the four marketing tools and customer satisfaction has a positive effect on attitude and behavior loyalty. The findings from this study show that the marketing tools have not helped enhancing loyalty between 2004 and 2007. Between these years, service quality has the most affect on loyalty. Self-scanning as an effective marketing tool could be questioned, the relation in this study is not supported.

The purpose of this essay is to examine how officials within the Swedish public libraryorganisation view the IT-development, how the IT-development progresses within theorganisation and if there is a need for a national IT-strategy for the public libraries in Sweden.Four unorganized interviews with officials within the regional- and county libraryorganisation and one within the national organisation where conducted. This study is aqualitative examination where the phenomenographic approach has been used as inspirationfor the analytic model. The analytic result has been compared to the system theory of how anoptimal system should be constructed to perform in an optimal way and to be able to producegood results. The results of this study show a wish for a better national cooperation regardingthe IT-development for the Swedish public libraries. Today?s library structure should bereviewed over in order to enable the libraries to produce even better results from the cooperation?s..

Rabbits, Oryctolagos cuniculus, rapidly increases as pets. During the right circumstances, rabbits are friendly, social and playful. A rabbit who shows an abnormal behavior should always be examined by a veterinary, though there is almost always a medical problem. This essay is a result of a literature studie with the aim to find the prophylactic measures that may give pet rabbits a more healthy life. Rabbits have got a lot of common health problems, including dental, skin and gastrointestinal problems.

The purpose of this examination paper has been to examine the situation for Swedish as a Second Language Programs in relationship to their interaction with the parents of the stu-dents. This case study was performed at two schools in the county of Stockholm. A com-parative analysis of both national and local documents for school governance was used to analyse the contents for incidents of parental involvement in schooling. Furthermore, qualitative semi-structured interviews were carried out with five staff-members holding key positions. The findings of the study are that schools tend to practice parental involve-ment only to the level that it is recommended in the national documents.

The aim of this master thesis is to study the reliefs of a Romanesque tombstone from 1130 AD, with the intention to form a plausible understanding of their meaning. During the course of the investigation, my main focus will be on collecting materials of an iconographical and historiographical nature, as they appear in previous studies. I will also use performative analysis when examining the tombstone. Consequently this thesis can be seen as a survey of history and place; early Christian iconology as well as the experience of the viewer. As a result, the 900-year-old tombstone will not only be seen as a memorial in this text, but also as a performance of one man?s faith and as representing the core message of the early Christian church.The tombstone is a rarity in Swedish art history and well worth a closer examination.

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a special unit for patients who is in the need for emergency life-sustaining measures and every patient has complex medical- technical equipment. The experiences of a critical illness and the needs of critical care are experienced in different ways. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences from patients in the ICU and how this experience has an influence on the patients. The method was a study of literature with a qualitative inception based on eight scientific articles and the analysis of content has been inspired by Graneheim and Lundman (2003). The result of the study is presented by four categories: to loose the ability to make themselves understood, to be forced to adjust to the environment of caring, to have the lack of connection with reality and to be in an intensive care environment, The results showed that patients in the ICU are affected by the attitude from the staff, the equipment around them as well as the sounds and lights in the environment there.

Denna rapport är en jämförande studie av sjukvårdsutbildningen MedicalCare och hur den fungerar i verkligheten. Till sjöss är ?läkaren? en sjöman, med endast ett fåtal veckors sjukvårds-utbildning bakom sig och en erfarenhet som inte går att jämföra med den samlade sakkunskap som finns på ett sjukhus iland. Det ställs snarlika krav på sjömannen ombord som på läkaren iland vad gäller omhändertagande av den skadade.Internationellt sett finns det en konvention som styr hur MedicalCare-utbildningen skall vara konstruerad. Dessa direktiv är satta för att sjömän världen över skall ha samma riktlinjer att utbilda sig efter och få en likvärdig kompetens när kursen är genomförd.Studien har använt sig av en kvalitativ intervjustudie för att samla in information.Resultatet av denna undersökning visar att MedicalCare-kursen skiljer sig åt mellan skolorna, trots att alla arbetar efter samma regler. .

This master´s thesis is a comparative study of the importance of eight factors suggested in the literature to be related to the perceived utility of the service Book a librarian (Swe. Boka en bibliotekarie). Disciplinary differences were also analysed. 73 encounters between students and librarians in 11 Swedish academic libraries were studied using a survey. Six factors were significantly related (at the .05 level) to the utility of the service.

Our examination project has been to develop today?s existing walking frames and make them more exiting and user friendly for tomorrow?s users.The use of a walking frame today makes it easier for a person with a movement difficulty in different extent. It makes it easier with their living condition and the user get a more movement easier life where they can take care of the daily chores without any help from the society or the family members.With our product we get a product that not only makes it easier for the user to get out and get forward. We help the user to get forward where they often would have difficulties to get forward. An example is where its more steeper parts where it could be more difficult to get up or down and even with more difficult foundation due to bad weather.

Qigong was initiated by the Chinese government in the 1950´s as a domestic medical tradition to be included within a modern scientific framework. During the first decades it became popular among the élite. During the 70´s and 80´s scientific confirmation of the existence of qi contributed to its immense popularity among the population. Charismatic leaders with a traditional background were leading their groups in parks and the movement was booming. In 1992 Falun Gong was established by Li Hongzhi as qigong taken to a higher level.

The purpose with this study has been, based on different public and private procurement conditions, to measure if there are any significant differences in the business relations between public- and private institutional kitchens. Furthermore, to observe what important influencing factors there are to maintain and develop a relationship between a producer and customer. The result of the analysis shows that there are important factors that influences on the trust in the relationship between a producer and customer. These factors are product- and service exchange, communication, strategic purchase and social exchange. In this examination we have showed that there are differences in the relationship between public- and private customers.

The aim of the thesis is twofold: the first aim is to identify a number of reproductive logics that are used to construct Swedish regulation of embryo donation for reproductive use as either ethical or unethical in the governmental ? and medical discussions ? and to examine how these logics are interconnected with notions of gender and parenthood. The second aim is to identify a number of tensions that arise in the application of the governmental ethical logic on the embryo and embryo donation and discuss how these tensions can be solved with a feminist material approach. I argue that the terminology used to distinguish between genetic, biological, social and legal parenthood in my material is insufficient for understanding the value of the embryo outside its pre-human status. I therefore argue for an embryonic feminist bioethics that is attentive to the embryos post-human status, and for a reformulation of the parenthood terminology in line with what I call ?reproductive ties?..