English abstractTitle: Islam and the limitations of the public will of choice.The purpose of this paper have been to investigate how three modern Islamic theorists view the limitations of the public free will of choice based upon their interpretation of the Islamic theology and doctrine.The paper focuses to highlight how all three chosen Islamic theorist interpret the Islamic doctrine based upon my elected theses and more specifically pinpoint were the free will of choice ends, and Islam as a religion starts to take hegemony. The paper?s aim is to further an understanding that in the modern world and as a effect of increased literacy, Islam has been somewhat inclined to split into several Islamisms, based upon the variety of fatwa?s on the Islamic doctrine that is available online. Therefore it remains to the modern day Muslim, to individually decide whether they choose to follow the message of the Holy revelation in the Quran or trust a mufti?s fatwa in their everyday life as a Muslim.The material used and analyzed in this paper is prime source material.

English abstractTitle: Islam and the limitations of the public will of choice.The purpose of this paper have been to investigate how three modern Islamic theorists view the limitations of the public free will of choice based upon their interpretation of the Islamic theology and doctrine.The paper focuses to highlight how all three chosen Islamic theorist interpret the Islamic doctrine based upon my elected theses and more specifically pinpoint were the free will of choice ends, and Islam as a religion starts to take hegemony. The paper?s aim is to further an understanding that in the modern world and as a effect of increased literacy, Islam has been somewhat inclined to split into several Islamisms, based upon the variety of fatwa?s on the Islamic doctrine that is available online. Therefore it remains to the modern day Muslim, to individually decide whether they choose to follow the message of the Holy revelation in the Quran or trust a mufti?s fatwa in their everyday life as a Muslim.The material used and analyzed in this paper is prime source material.

ABSTRACT:The aim of this essay is to analyze whether the development of the Principles of War in small states´ doctrine has been influenced by the doctrinal development of alliances after the start of an international cooperation.The author suggests that the development of the Principles of War can be understood through theories of doctrinal development. The theory used for this analysis states that small states depend on alliances, such as NATO, and therefore adapt their doctrine to better match the doctrine of the alliance. Since the Principles of War are the foundation of doctrine, such an adaption should lead to an adaption of the Principles of War as well.The analysis will be made using Swedish Army field manuals as a basis. These will be compared to NATO´s, in order to see whether or not Sweden has adapted its Principles of War following its membership of the Partnership for Peace.The results show that today the Swedish Principles of War are more similar to NATO´s than they were in 1982, which suggests that they have been adapted to better match those used by NATO. Although this essay does not analyze the reasons why, the results imply that theories of doctrinal development also include the development of principles of war.

Ship formed monuments from the Late Bronze Age on the island of O?land, southeast Sweden, have never been thoroughly dealt with in previous research, despite the fact that the region is suggested to have had a key-role in maritime trade networks. This thesis aims to address the ship formed monuments on O?land in relationship to the monuments in northern Sma?land and the island of Gotland. My goal is to discuss how the ship symbolism was practised during the Late Bronze Age in Scandinavia from a new perspective.

  The purpose of this paper is to exam the philosophical development of Emanuel Swedenborg's doctrine of correspondence and to note some of the more important parallels between Swedenborg's doctrine and the three contemporary most debated theories concerning the mind-body problem. These three theories was pre-established harmony, its opponent physical influx and finally occasionalism. Especially occasionalism has close connections to Descartes' dualism, but neither pre-established harmony or physical influxus, which in some ways can be dated before Descartes, would have looked the same, if it were not for the Cartesian way of thinking. Also Swedenborg initially inherited major influences from Descartes and that is the first approach in this paper. From there on the paper follows the development of the doctrine of correspondence and the parallels according Swedenborg's more contemporary philosophical writers, until Swedenborg gets to a point where he underwent a profound spiritual crisis and turned his focus on an all together theological approach. .

AbstractThis thesis analyzes the Russian Foreign Policy Doctrine from a broad theoretical perspective, with the aim of describing and explaining the doctrine using a number of theoretical approaches. Russia's foreign policy has undergone substantial changes since Vladimir Putin became president in the year 2000, involving a radical shift in foreign policy objectives and thereby moving away from the more confrontational and distrusting policies which characterized the Boris Jeltsin regime. Putins doctrine, based on pragmatism and seeking partnership and collaboration with the West, can be described as a near revolutionary re-orientation of Russia's foreign policy guidelines, meaning a transformation of the country's self image which implies a rejection of great power status and a search for a new role in the international community.Our thesis has examined explanatory variables such as the domestic political situation in Russia, the contemporary international system and President Vladimir Putins system of beliefs in order to describe and explain the doctrine. Our results show that the doctrine is largely a product of Putins personality, values and beliefs, but also to a large extent a consequence of necessities, namely the poor Russian economy and the fact that the country no longer can withstand an all out conflict with the West involving an excessive arms race.Keywords: Vladimir Putin, pragmatism, realism, domestic politics, radical change..

The purpose of this legal dogmatic Bachelor Thesis is to define the legal definition of ?a rescue service? and illustrate the division of responsibilities between national authorities and the municipalities with regards to the execution of emergency response operations.?A rescue service? means the emergency response actions that national and municipal authorities are legally obliged to provide to prevent or minimise injury to people and damage to property or the environment when emergencies occur or seem imminent. In the following cases a national authority is responsible for providing the requisite rescue service:1. Search and rescue (air) ? the Swedish Civil Aviation Authority is the responsible authority;2.

This essay is about the tactical basic principles as they are mentioned in the Swedish Doctrine for land based operations (2005) and the German side during the battle of Verdun 1916. The purpose of this essay is to clarify whether the used doctrine is appropriate to use on future attrition battles.        This is done by a case study of the German side during the battle ofVerdun. In this case study indicators of the basic principles are then identified and analysed with the starting point at the two questions that the essay is based around. The essay starts with an introduction where above is attended, in the second part the basic principles, the background to the battle and the battle itself is described. Finally the tactical basic principles are analysed and discussed based on the questions that the essay is based on.In the analysis and the discussion the conclusion is drawn that the tactical basic principles were present on the German side during the battle of Verdun and that they are of a general character and may be applied on both attrition warfare of 1916 and modern battles of attrition..

Ship formed monuments from the Late Bronze Age on the island of O?land, southeast Sweden, have never been thoroughly dealt with in previous research, despite the fact that the region is suggested to have had a key-role in maritime trade networks. This thesis aims to address the ship formed monuments on O?land in relationship to the monuments in northern Sma?land and the island of Gotland. My goal is to discuss how the ship symbolism was practised during the Late Bronze Age in Scandinavia from a new perspective.

Doktrin utgör en del av grunden till en nations krigföringsförmåga och skall i detta avseende ses somen normativ styrning med riktlinjer för nuet och den omedelbara framtiden. Doktrin skall såledesutgöra ett verktyg för militära chefer att hantera situationer som annars hade upplevts som mycketpressade och omöjliga att genomföra. För att så skall vara fallet måste en doktrin bygga på relevantunderlag baserad på omvärldsanalys samt de erfarenheter de väpnade styrkorna vunnit genomdeltagande i skarpa insatser, men även erfarenheter kopplade till övningsverksamhet och nationenshistoria och förutsättningar. En doktrin borde således ses som riktlinjer för handling baserat påkunskap. Är detta verkligen fallet? I doktriner hävdas att de baseras på prövad kunskap.

Swedish doctrines emphasises the use of maneuver warfare in combat. Therefore we need tounderstand how a modern state can transform maneuver theories in doctrine into combat practice.United States Marine Corps, a joint armed force in itself, has participated in both Desert Stormand Iraqi Freedom and has since the 1980?s used a maneuver warfare concept. The aim of thisessay is to describe and explain to what degree USMC has conducted maneuver warfare in theIraq wars 1991 and 2003 according to maneuver theory, in the light of how maneuver warfareis thought to be conducted in accordance with then present warfighting doctrines. Theconclusions are that USMC has followed their doctrines in part; the Desert Storm warfaredeviated more from doctrine than the Iraqi Freedom warfare regarding maneuver warfare.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad lotsar, befälhavare och bogserbåtsbefälhavare ansåg om den verbala kommunikationen med hänsyn till säkerhet och effektivitet. Detta eftersom majoriteten av alla fartygsolyckor inträffar på grund av den mänskliga faktorn, där kommunikationen är en stor del. I studien genomfördes semistrukturerade intervjuer med två lotsar, två befälhavare och två bogserbåtsbefälhavare. Genom de sex intervjuerna i studien gick det bland annat att utläsa att användandet av standardfraser och closed loop communication varierar. Om användandet inom dessa två områden blev bättre skulle säkerheten kunna ökas.

An ethnographic study loosely informed by the theoretical framework of distributed cognition was carried out in order to describe how mariners have adopted the Automatic Identification System (AIS) in their work practice, or"made the technology their own". AIS is a transponder-based identification and communication system that allows ships to automatically identify and track each other. In addition to facilitating the identification and tracking of ships, objectives behind the introduction of AIS are to"simplify informational exchange", and"provide additional information to assist situation awareness". Participant observation and interviews were made at four different ships, as well as at two shore stations. A focus group was also held at a maritime conference.

Den statliga sjöfarten idag är ett område med många inblandade myndigheter och en oklar uppgiftsfördelning. Det är även svårt att se hur väl organiseringen av den statliga sjöfarten är uppbyggd för att klara en kris eller ett krig. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur effektiv den statliga sjöfarten är vid en kris, hur väl kraven för maritim säkerhet uppfylls och hur försvarsmaktens roll i den statliga sjöfartenI formen av en fallstudie med en teoretiskt deduktiv ansats och en kvalitativ textanalys appliceras Graham Allisons organisationsteori och teori om maritim säkerhet på den statliga sjöfarten. Empirin är i form av förordningar, instruktioner och reglerbrev som är ställda på respektive myndighet.Undersökningen visar att dagens organisering av den statliga sjöfarten inte är optimal för att verka vid en kris och kraven för maritim säkerhet uppfylls, men förbättringspunkter föreligger. En slutsats är att en närmare samverkan mellan myndigheterna skulle lösa många av de problem som idag existerar.

Uppsatsen syftar till att analysera de förmågor som den maritima säkerheten i Sveriges närområde kräver. Dessa behov har sedan jämförts med aktuella maritima resurser genom en avslutande diskussion. Utgångspunkt har tagits i Regeringens havs ?och utrikespolitik med inriktning på den maritima säkerheten.I uppsatsen motsvaras begreppet ?maritima enheter? av Kustbevakningen och marinen. Hoten mot den maritima säkerheten har identifierats utifrån de uppsatta mål som de maritima enheterna arbetar mot.