Uppsatsen är en diskursanalytisk undersökning av representation av nationell kultur och identitet i två läroböcker i italienska som används på gymnasienivå. Uppsatsens syfte är att analysera hur nationell kultur och identitet representeras, mot bakgrund av ett intresse att synliggöra diskursiva och samhälleliga strukturer som avspeglas i representationen. I analysen läggs särskild vikt vid att visa hur sociala maktrelationer mellan och inom nationella kulturer återspeglas i läroböckerna. Uppsatsens teoretiska utgångspunkter är inspirerade av den brittiske sociolingvisten Norman Faircloughs kritiska diskursanalys och av socialkonstruktionistisk kulturteori som till stor del utgår från kulturforskaren Stuart Halls resonemang. I uppsatsen används Faircloughs tredimensionella modell för kritisk diskursanalys som metodologisk utgångspunkt. I analysen klarläggs att läroböckerna avspeglar och reproducerar diskurser som speglar ojämlika maktförhållanden inom nationella kulturer och i viss mån även mellan nationella kulturer. I läroböckernas representation av italiensk, nationell identitet förekommer stereotyper om syditaliensk identitet som återger en ojämn maktbalans inom det italienska samhället mellan norra och södra Italien. Läroböckernas representation av italiensk kultur utgår stundtals från ett etnocentriskt svenskt perspektiv där diskurser som kan förbindas med turistpropaganda accentueras. I avslutningen diskuteras även tänkbara konsekvenser av resultaten och exempel ges på vidare forskning inom området..

This essay is a contribution to the process of reconstructing the meaning of a concept that has been long forsaken and somewhat forgotten. It examines the way in which the Swedish nobility perceived the politically active peasantry during the 1740s as an expression of the prevailing political culture of the period. The aim of this study is thus to understand a bygone world of thought that once existed in a very turbulent political culture. I focus on the words formed and articulated in the halls and rooms of the Swedish estates by which the thoughts, opinions and power of the Swedish government came to the fore. In doing so it is possible to say something about how the nobility, in their relationship with the peasantry, constructed an object which represented their perception of the Swedish peasant and what this meant.

Information regarding cows grazing behaviour and time spent grazing can be of great interest to dairy farmers, since this information can indicate how well suited the pasture is to the cows. Feed intake at pasture is however challenging to measure. Automated systems for monitoring the behaviour of cows within dairy production have become increasingly important and relatively common. The aim of this study was to validate an activity measuring device (HOBO® G Logger Pendant Data Logger, USA), a triaxial accelerometer that registers the cow?s head positions during grazing, in order to see if cows? grazing behaviour on pasture could be distinguished from their non grazing behaviour.

In this study the book talk is examined as a communicative act with a purpose to convince according to an under-lying intention to promote reading. I follow the book talk?s way from an idea of the book talker (and the library) to the reception of the audience, with the aim to understand how to talk about books in an engaging manner. More specifically, the rhetorical situation and the purpose of a book talk, the performance and the means to arouse and retain interest in the book talk as a speech and in the books themselves are examined and the impact of the book talk on the audience.The empirical material consists of observations of two different book talks (both directed to children) and interviews with the two different book talking librarians and a few of the children from the audiences to both book talks. The theoretical framework consists of rhetorical theories from both antique and modern times and I perform a rhetorical analysis of both book talks.

At the dusk of the Second World War, when the Red Army was approaching Tallinn and the second Soviet occupation of Estonia could be foreseen, almost a tenth of the population left the Estonian coasts to seek refuge in the West. About 30 000 of those ended up in Sweden, among which were some of the most prominent Estonian novelists and poets. Sweden would become the literary center for the worldwide exile Estonian diaspora. However, the fact that a few dozens of Estonian authors published some 2 000 titles in Sweden, where most of the authors as well as the main publishing houses resided, was and has remained unknown to most Swedes as it has gone fairly unnoticed to the field of Swedish Literary Studies. From the perspective that the exile Estonian literature written in Sweden is actually part of our history of literature, this thesis aims to find out what factors have had impact, and how, on the authors? opportunities to gain recognition by the Swedish literary establishment and eventually being included in the Swedish literary historical works.

The public relations business has grown from almost nothing to a large international industry the last decades. Throughout the history the industry has struggled with a lot of critique and public relations has become a negative symbol for manipulation of information. Because of this negative view of the industry and the medial change taking place, the purpose of this study is to investigate how two different generations think about public relations. More accurate, the study will through a qualitative interview study explore how young people from a highschool in Luleå and elder people from Luleå township thinks about pubic relations, and most imortant why they have this particular view. By creating four focus groups, two with men and two with women, this also enables a comparative study between the gender. The focus groups were later analyzed and compared to two selected groups of theories on public relations, the theories were positive and critical theories compound in two categories.

Tidigare studier påvisar att dagens marknadsföring inte är lika effektiv som förr, och behöver därmed nyanseras. Marknadsförare är på ständig jakt efter nya effektiva sätt att förmedla sina budskap på. En av dessa nya fenomen är interaktiv reklam. Interaktiv reklam är ett innovativt verktyg, som ännu inte slagit rötter i medielandskapet och är därmed ett fenomen som bör undersökas djupsinnigare. Syftet med denna studie är att förstå och undersöka fenomenet interaktiv reklam.

Relationship between social behaviour, feeding behaviour and performance of boars using single-space feeders A study on the behavioural patterns of growing boars is presented. The study was preformed at Quality Genetics? boar testing station Månseryd in Sweden. The boars were purebred Yorkshire, Hampshire or Landrace, born in nine different nucleus farms. The study is based on two batches of boars, with 63 and 69 boars respectively.

Denna undersökning berör de genuskonstruktioner som finns i skapandet av actionhjältinnor. Jag har valt att undersöka Salt (2010) Sucker Punch (2011) samt Resident Evil:Retribution (2012) Undersökningens frågeställningar är,Hur motiveras användande av våld då det utförs av kvinnliga actionhjältinnor?Vilka arketyper går att urskilja i representationerna av kvinnliga actionhjältinnors våldsutövande?Vilka symboler går att urskilja i kvinnliga actionhjältinnors utövande av våld?Min undersökning grundar sig i teorier om genus med utgångspunkt i Raewyn Connel, för att vidare knyta det samman till Stuart Halls representationsteorier samt stereotypifiering. Teoriavsnittet avslutas sedan med kvinnlig medieforskning från Liesbeth Van Zoonen samt Laura Mulvey. Min tidigare forskning grundar sig i en förklaring till hur den manlige hjälten genom tiden har representeras och vad som a?r representativt fo?r denne.

IntroductionSuccessful training is a key for athletes to make progress in their development. Training must not just involve overload, but also must prevent the combination of excessive overload plus inadequate recovery. Athletes can experience short-term performance decrement without severe psychological or lasting other negative symptoms. Too much hard exercise or too little sleep can cause overtraining, a condition in which the subject can prevent to be away from the sport for several weeks or months. Previous studies have detected that it is important to avoid overtraining.

Introduction: A complex interaction between muscles, tendons, bones, joints and nerves are required for optimal function of the human hand. It is known that an individual?s grip strength is vital for performance of physical demanding tasks such as strength training with free weights. Strength training including a thicker grip around the bar may enhance the strength of the grip in the athlete without other special routines for grip strength development. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the difference in performance in multiple repetitions in two strength training exercises using two different sizes on the bar, to look for correlations between grip strength of the subjects hand and the amount of repetitions executed with two different size of the bar and finally the correlation of hand size and the amount of repetitions executed with two different size of the bar.Method: 15 strength training men (23,9 ± 4,1 years), underwent measurements of hand size, maximum grip strength, 1 repetition maximum (1RM), a 80 % of 1RM weight strength test with two different  bar sizes.Results: The results from the present investigation indicates a 21,1 % reduction of 80 % of 1 RM weight performance in repetitions executed in the bench press with the thicker diameter of the bar and a 66,2 % reduction in repetitions executed with a 80 % of 1 RM weight in the lying bench row with the thicker diameter of the bar.

Uppsatsen studerar representationen av romer i miniserien Den förste zigenaren i rymden (Agneta Fagerström-Olsson, 2002), med fokus på verkets bild av romerna och tillämpningen av de audiovisuella uttrycksmedlen.Studiens teoretiska och metodologiska utgångspunkt består i en av Richard Dyer inspirerad definition av representation, Stuart Halls utläggning om stereotypering och motståndsstrategier, Edward W. Saids resonemang gällande ?vi och de Andra?, Robert Stam och Louise Spences metod fokuserande tillämpning av audiovisuella uttrycksmedel i audiovisuella verk, samt Claudia Gorbmans och Kevin J. Donnellys tankar om filmmusik, jämte tidigare forskning i ämnet.Analysen avtäcker att representationen av romer i Den förste zigenaren i rymden är komplex. Å ena sidan stärker miniserien, genom innehållet och ljudspåret, flera ?zigenarstereotyper? och översätter mestadels ?rom/roma? med ?zigenare?.

This report is presenting an approach that can be used to measure water surfaces in difficult conditions caused by dense vegetation and lack of nearby known points. The objective was to make a contribution to necessary measures for adaptation against floods in Grums Municipality along the stream Karlbergsån, which may occur when persistent rain raises the level of the stream. Along the river there are low-lying areas prone to flooding. According to Grums Municipality, the stream may widen where the water level differences are large, to create a better flow path and to counteract flooding. Grums Municipality was also interested in survey stormwater discharges which may affect the water level in the stream.

ABSTRACTThe principal aim of the study was to compare the feeding behaviour of cattle, sheep and goats on pasture and explain any differences between speices. Furthermore, I compared foraging behaviour between dry season and the beginning of the rainy season, in order to see any relationships between weather and behaviour.The study was carried out in Shompole in southern Kenya. Behavioural data were collected by observing herds of cattle, sheep and goats on pasture. The livestock were herded on pasture during the days and kept in bomas, where people live, during the nights. The weather in Shompole is characterized by high ambient temperature and low, bimodal rainfall.

The purpose with the study was to find a pattern in the behaviour of dairy cows which could be related to their social rank. A behavioural study was conducted at the University Cattle Research Centre (Kungsängen) in Uppsala, Sweden. The study included 12 lactating dairy cows, 6 high ranked and 6 low ranked. The cows were housed in a loose housing barn with an automatic milking system (AMS) to which they had access 24 hours a day. During the experiment the total number of cows in the barn was 46.