Föryngringen av skog på Gotland har historiskt sett varit problematisk under lång tid och i dagsläget används främst markberedning följt av plantering av tall. Förutsättningen för föryngring under skärm samt naturlig föryngring under fröträd som föryngringsmetod har studerats i denna rapport då det råder brist på skriftliga sammanfattningar om dessa båda metoder. Föryngringsmetoderna studerades genom fältstudier på 16 lokaler och intervjuer med verksamma inom branschen på Gotland. Naturlig föryngring visade sig ha viss framgång på norra Gotland samt fungera väl på nordöstra Fårö. Förutom på Fårö visade emellertid föryngring med markberedning och plantering bäst resultat.

In time with HolmenSkog district Egenskog Norrköping´s decreasing mountain of cleaning, the office started to look around for new alternative cleaning strategies to lower the costs connected with cleaning. One option was to make the inventory strategy more effective and after a phonecall with the head of the district, Jonnie Friberg, the planning started to try inventory in pictures taken from a helicopter. The pictures was at last taken from a digtal camera and the vegetationheight was mesured with a laser. The gear was supplied from Kallax Flyg AB, Luleå. In the trial 15 stands was selected depended on age and different mixtures between pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pubescense and Betula pendula).

Heartwood has always been a desirable part of the tree, due to it?s superior decay qualities com-pared to the sapwood. How the formation of heartwood works has been known for a long time, but which factors that initiates and stimulates the production are poorly understood. This case study presents the results of a study in which silvicultural treatments and site properties had a key position as factors to the formation of heartwood. According to the hypothesis the amount of sapwood is directly controlled by the size of the crown.

The European Council agreed in 2008 on a climate and energy package to combat global warming. This package is valid for each EU member country and means that greenhouse gas emissions must fall by at least 20% and the EU's energy use to 20%, consisting of Renewable Energy in 2020. The Swedish Government has set stringent climate and energy with the intention to set an example for the rest of Europe. For example, renewable energy sources account for at least 50% of energy use and our climate emissions to fall by 40% by 2020. A combination of these goals and a steadily rising oil price has led to an increased demand for wood fuel in the form of such branches and tops.

FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) is the major form of certification system in Swedish forestry today and its more than 11 million hectares are covering almost half of the total productive forest area in the country. Its regulations prescribe that at least 10 wind firm trees should be left behind after every clear cutting operation. This study have taken place on 30 recently clearcut objects in Bergslagen, Sweden, were an inventory of the standing stock have been made. The research shows that, with 90 % security, the retained trees together contain 9-13 m3sk per hectare. Pine is the dominant tree and it covers more than half the numbers of retained trees and its volume cover 65 % of the retained trees total volume. Spruce is on second place with 30 % of the retained trees, but only 21 % of the standing stock.

The modern silvicultural practices of today, with cutting by compartments, have led to a large benefit for the moose population through the cleared areas which produces large amount of fodder. This new landscape can produce and feed a large moose population. But it will cause a conflict effect towards the landowners; the conflict consists of browsing mainly in the young pine forest. The result from browsing and damage will be sparse stands with reduced growth and technical damage like leader shoot browsing, stem breaking and damage of the bark. Technical damage can kill the tree or damage it so hard that it would not work as future saw timber.

This degree project investigates how elk, roe deer, red deer and fallow deer can affect an estate in Östergötland. The inventories performed within this project, were completed on an estate in Selesjö, northern Östergötland. This property is used to demonstrate wildlife management. The methods used in this study were originally developed for areas larger than individual properties. Three inventories were completed in the study. These included the recording of the number of droppings and the amount of eaten pasturage, as well as the level of damage on young trees.

The purpose of my project was to explore variability. I wanted to combine different ways of sitting and create some kind of seating furniture that could be changed to fit different kinds of situations and needs. I sought after a way to express safety and stability in the seating furniture and at the same time make it clear that it could be changed into something else or something more. It was very important to me that the furniture piece would have a long lifetime and would be something you kept for a long period of time. I decided that the changeable factor in my piece would be the possibility to change it from being a chair for one person into being a bench for two people.

Denna uppsats behandlar tjänsteerbjudandet och dess strategiska roll i ett shoppingcentra. Anledningen till att vi blev intresserade av detta ämne, var att vi tyckte oss se en sammansmältning av tjänsteerbjudandets olika komponenter bland annat inom detaljhandeln. Därför ansåg vi att Field?s shopping- och upplevelsecentra, utanför Köpenhamn, skulle vara ett lämpligt objekt att studera på grund av att det är Skandinaviens största shoppingcentra samt det faktum att det är nyetablerat. Utifrån detta utformade vi vår frågeställning: Hur arbetar shoppingcentra strategiskt och operativt med att integrera upplevelser i sitt tjänsteerbjudande? Detta har vi valt att undersöka genom en kvalitativ fallstudie, där vi genomfört intervjuer, bildanalys samt egna observationer.

This study in the subject of forest planning is made for Sveaskog and its aim is to develop tools that prognosticate outcome in terms of volumes per sort from not yet cut forest stands. The degree of detail is just to get reliable results for at least one months volumes, for Sveaskogs own forestland in the market region of Norrbotten that is about 100 000 m3fub. The course of action to accomplish this is regression analysis and the data consists of cut tracts on own forestland in Norrbotten during the years 2006, 2007 and 2008. That is a little more than 4 million m3fub. Two tools were made.

In this study, pollen contamination (measured by the number of seeds pollinated by pollen not belonging to any of the clones on the seed orchard) is compared between open pollination and isolated pollination environments in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seed orchard called Västerhus, located outside Önsköldsvik. In this seed orchard a tent experiment is taking place. Skogforsk has built six large tents covering 12-14 trees with each tent. Fertilization patterns were compared between one tree in a tent with a supplementation of pollen from five clones not represented in the tent and another tree of the same clone subject to open pollination outside the tents. By using DNA markers the paternity was determined for 48 seeds from each tree.

In this study, pollen contamination (measured by the number of seeds pollinated by pollen not belonging to any of the clones on the seed orchard) is compared between open pollination and isolated pollination environments in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seed orchard called Västerhus, located outside Önsköldsvik. In this seed orchard a tent experiment is taking place. Skogforsk has built six large tents covering 12-14 trees with each tent. Fertilization patterns were compared between one tree in a tent with a supplementation of pollen from five clones not represented in the tent and another tree of the same clone subject to open pollination outside the tents. By using DNA markers the paternity was determined for 48 seeds from each tree.

Upplevelsens era är här och ställer samtliga aktörer i samhället inför utmaningar. Upplevelsen ska inte längre bara fylla ett funktionellt behov, den ska beröra konsumenten på ett helt annat sätt. Allt i syfte att kunna erbjuda konsumenten en upplevelse utöver det vanliga för att som företag lyckas med att särskilja sig från sina konkurrenter. En strategi för att lyckas med differentiering är att engagera konsumentens sinnen i upplevelsen. Uppsatsen tar utgångspunkt i två teoretiska begrepp: Pine & Gilmore´s (1999) strategimodell, The Experience Realms, och Hulténs m.fl.

Den produktiva skogsarealen i Sverige som är grandominerad utgörs av 9,5 miljoner ha(Skogsstyrelsen 2011). Varav knappt 0,2 miljoner ha står på torr mark (personlig kommunikation Göran Kämpe, 2015). Problematiken i södra Sverige är att gran planteras på allt för torra marker, eftersom att tall anses för osäkert pga av betestrycket av vilt. I undersökningen utreds om och när tillväxten avtar för granen på torrare marker i sydöstra Sverige med hjälp av bestämning av ståndortsindex (SI).  Höjdtillväxten har, med hjälp av borrning/kapning på olika trädhöjder, rekonstruerats i granbestånd för en hel omloppstid. Detta har utförts på två olika lokaler där tall hade varit det naturliga valet och där granen bedöms lida av vattenbrist. Fokusområdet är ifall höjdtillväxten och SI avtar för granen på tall/torra marker under omloppstiden, som kan ses som en indikation på granknytning.Resultatet visar att granbestånden har ett betydligt högre ståndortindex i ungskogsfasen jämfört med när beståndet är äldre.

Thinning is the partial removal of trees in a forest stand prior to final harvest. The term can be divided in pre-commercial thinning where little if any volume is removed from the stand and commercial thinning where removals are intended to provide a positive economic result. From a silvicultural point of view, the goal of thinning is to enhance future crop tree quality by removing low-quality stems and providing sufficient space for the accelerated development of retained ones (Huuskonen & Hynynen, 2006). The goals of this study was to see if commercial thinning could positively affect the short and medium term timber supply (MTTS) in the Interior regions of British Columbia (BC), and whether or not Scandinavian forestry practices could be adopted in the BC context. The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) has created significant forest planning problems in BC. The annual allowable cut (AAC) was raised to capture beetle-killed timber while still merchantable.