The aim of this study was to investigate if behaviour, ear positions and cortisol in lamb which were given access to play followed the different phases of the reward cycle of anticipation, consumption and relaxation. The study was done on 8 Dorset and 12 Dorset x Fine Wool uncastrated male lambs with an average age of 10 weeks. The lambs were housed pairwise in litter pens (2 x 3 m). Pairs of lambs were taken to a play arena (5.9 x 5.5 m) three times a week during five weeks (first week for learning). They were then first kept in a holding pen where they could look into the play arena for 5 minutes and thereafter released for 20 minutes in the play arena which had a ball, two chains and a tunnel.

Migration and giving birth are crucial decisions for animals during their life cycle, which may have lasting consequences on their population demography and fitness. Migration can entail a variety of possible effects for an individual, such as access to high quality food and reduced risk for predation. The moose (Alces alces) in northern Sweden is partially migratory and moose females are known to give birth to one or two calves. The synchrony between time of calving and timing of migration has not been compared before, especially in terms of energy maximizing and time minimizing perspectives, which may provide vital cues for fitness benefits of migration. I investigated effect of timing of birth and individual life history on distance, timing, stopovers and duration of 190 individually marked female moose that have been tracked for multiple years in ten different areas in northern Sweden.

Swedish agriculture stands in front of big changes the whole time. As a milking producer you have to adapt and develop the company to these changes and find the best solution. This potential is easy to find if you compare your company with other similar companies. Labour cost is the biggest cost in milking production after the cost for food. Today it is rather easy to measure how many hours per cow different system of cow houses needs, but we do not know so much about how many hours it takes to breed a calf. To learn more about the labour time with the calves during the first time after the calf was born, I made time studies on five different farms with calf hutches, automatic milk system, large calf boxes, and smaller calf boxes with teat buckets.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur transsexuella individer gestaltas på den amatörinternetpornaografiska webbsidan XVIDEOS - den största internetpornografiska webbsidan. Vi har tittat på hur XVIDEOS som webbsida är med i denna gestaltning och process och hur XVIDEOS och dess innehåll återger en bild av vad den transsexuella kroppen - och sexualiteten förväntas vara. Det effektivaste sättet att föra denna undersökning på, är i vårt fall att analysera mainstream amatörinternetpornografi med transsexuell amatörinternetpornografi på XVIDEOS genom vår valda sökprocess. Vi tittar på det här framförallt i filmsekvenser som hittas på webbsidan, men också i hur webbsidan i sig kategoriserar och bidrar till konstruktionen. Vi ämnar inte att stämpla vad som är korrekt eller inte, utan snarare att analysera material för att ge klarhet i ämnet.

This study was a degree in Master of Science in agriculture with specialization in animal science for the Department of animal nutrition and management at SLU. The subject was created by AS-Faktor, a small company for science and development within the company Lantmännen AB. It was a test of the effect of SPC (Special Processed Cereals) on induction of the endogenous protein AF (an antisecretory factor) in plasma and intestinal lumen in broilers. Previous results have shown positive effects on different intestinal diseases in pigs, horses, dogs as well as in humans. Beside the induction we also studied the effects on results in a conventional slaughter chicken production, including the ability of SPC to compete with or be affected by the coccidiostat, Salinomax.When diarrhoea occurs, it's because there is an imbalance between the secretion and the absorption and it can be caused by for example toxins.

Ungdomar är idag frekventa användare av internet. I och med den höga användningen av internet bland ungdomar blir det av intresse för socialt arbete att få en förståelse för föräldrars föreställning om ungdomar och internet i relation till risker och riskhantering. Tidigare forskning rörande ungdomar, internet och risker visar att föräldrar ser risker så som att deras ungdomar möter obehagliga nätkontakter, pornografi samt risker gällande tidslängden spenderad online. Tidigare forskning som studerat riskhantering föräldrar använder gällande ungdomar och internet visar på att föräldrar använder olika typer av strategier. Dessa är exempelvis samtal om användande, att använda tillsammans och vara närvarande under användandet, regler i hur mycket tid online ungdomen får spendera, regler i vad ungdomen får göra online, övervakat användande via säkerhetsfilter samt kontroll av internetaktivitet efter användning.De frågeställningar studien ämnar besvara är Vilka risker ser föräldrarna gällande ungdomar och internet? samt Hur resonerar föräldrarna om riskhantering gällande ungdomar, internet och risker? Detta görs via åtta intervjuer med tio föräldrar till ungdomar mellan tolv och sexton år.

A high amount of dead wood is one of the most important prerequisites for high biodiversity on forest land in Sweden. Dead wood is most abundant in young forests, thinned forests, woodland key habitats and protected forest land. In old-growth forests most of the dead wood consists of logs and snags, whilst in managed forests a huge proportion of dead wood is made up of logging residues like stumps and FWD, fine woody debris (< 10 cm diameter). All these different types of dead wood may serve as substrates for epixylic bryophytes and lichens. However, few studies have been conducted on the relative importance of these different fractions of dead wood for the occurrence of bryophytes and lichens, especially when considering dead wood on thinned forest land.

In Sweden in January 2005, there is only one producer of organic broilers and none of organic turkeys. But there are, on the other hand, a few small-scale producers whose housing systems to some extent are similar to what is stipulated in the organic standards. The aims of this work are to investigate what housing systems are used by the Swedish small-scale producers of broilers and turkeys, what main challenges they are confronted with and if there is an interest and a possibility for a change-over to organic production. For the first part of this work a literature study was performed with the purpose of detecting the main health problems in conventional as well as smallscale production. A special focus was on coccidiosis and leg weakness as those were considered to be of particular importance. A study was made of Swedish small-scale poultry production units. In two groups of broilers from the same producer and in three flocks of turkeys the level of Eimeria oocysts in faeces and litter was investigated.

Studien var en del i ett större projekt som syftade till att undersöka hur värphöns påverkas beteendemässigt och nutritionellt av ökad konsumtion av olöslig fiber. I det nu aktuella projektet undersöktes hur ökat intag av olöslig fiber påverkar äggkvalitén. Fiberkällan utgjordes av halmpellets som antingen blandades i fodret med 3 % inblandning, alternativt utgjorde strömaterial för att undersöka strömaterialets betydelse som fiberkälla. Två olika hybrider ingick i försöket, 720 Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) och 720 Lohmann Brown (LB), varav halva antalet av varje hybrid hölls i frigående system och andra hälften i inredda burar. Totalt insamlades och undersöktes 180 ägg från varje inhysningssystem då hönorna var 31-32 veckor gamla.

Since the 1950s, the development of modern rotation forestry in boreal Fennoscandia has resulted in a severe reduction of older forests, and a high degree of fragmentation among the small patches that remains of old forest. In Sweden, when performing conservation value assessments in order to identify and preserve the remaining forest habitats, the government authorities use to a significant extent a set of indicator species that indicate habitats of high biological conservation value. One species considered to indicate high conservation values in pine-heath forests is the red-listed ectomycorrhizal (EM) macrofungi Sarcodon scabrosus (Fr.) P. Karst. In the present study, the validity of using S.

Dagens reklam innehåller ofta bilder på attraktiva människor, klädda i avslöjande eller åtsittande kläder. Man använder sex rutinmässigt i reklam som ett kraftfullt PR-verktyg där pengar ligger som grund. Men det finns även reklam som saknar sexuellt innehåll och är neutral i sin framtoning. Den här uppsatsen behandlar dessa två typer av reklam; sexuellt kontra icke sexuellt innehåll. Frasen ?sex säljer? är otaligt upprepad och uppmärksammad i media och idén att sexuella bilder på något sätt skulle göra reklam mer effektfull är en kliché som uppkommit då det är nästintill omöjligt att verifiera eller förkasta.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka och beskriva assistenternas självupplevelser gällande gränsdragningsproblem mellan privat och professionellt och hur de upplevt sin arbetssituation. Syftet var vidare att kunna identifiera de problem och dilemman som kan tänkas uppstå i relationen mellan brukare och assistent samt hur dessa hanteras.Metod: Den kvalitativa forskningsstudien omfattar två fokusgruppsintervjuer där fyra personliga assistenter medverkat vid varje tillfälle. Gruppdiskussionerna har genomförts i Göteborg och Falkenberg. Begreppen coping och socialt stöd utgör studiens teoretiska referensram.Sammanfattande resultat: Studien visar att personliga assistenter är en rotlös grupp som, i brist på arbetsledning, ofta är helt utelämnade till att skapa sin egen yrkesroll. Vad som ytterligare förstärker svårigheten i yrket är att yrkesrollen inte är den samma när assistenten byter tjänstgöringsställe till en annan brukare, utan är knuten till en specifik brukare.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an important but unusual cause of chronic respiratory disease of young dogs. The purpuse of this paper is to study and present internationally publicated papers on PCD in dogs and present three dogs, in which PCD was suspected. PCD has been reported in many dog breeds as well as in people. In dogs an humans, PCD is caused by inborn genetical defects which causes structural and functional abnormalities of cilia in the respiratory organs and other cilia in the body. Situs inversus occurs in about half the cases in people and probably in dogs as well. Respiratory signs usually predominate.

In Sweden, there has been a continuous increase in the volume of housing construction for dairy cattle. Since 2004, the number of new, rebuilt and extended dairy cow houses undergoing preliminary inspection by the authorities has grown. The livestock farms have mostly focused on cow units instead of calf and heifer sheds; which has led to a need for information in this area. The purpose of the study was to improve advisors? knowledge about bovine building construction and function; to enable them to provide more qualified advice to conventional and organic milk producers who sustain larger herds.

ABSTRACT There is present a lot of focus on animal welfare issues during transport and the related loading and unloading of animals. This thesis is a field study investigating the present situation of beef and dairy farms in Sweden. The predominant reasons stressing cattle when transported to abattoirs are when they are loaded and unloaded on the trucks. The aim of this thesis is to improve the handling and the loading facilities to facilitate the handling and reduce the stress for the animals as well as the personnel. The field study was done by travelling together with the transports from the farm to the abattoir in Uppsala. Three trucks where used and about 60 farms were visited January to March 2003.