In the 19th century, photography was often employed in attempts to objectively capture evidence of paranormal phenomena. With the advent of television, this tradition came to be coupled with the apparent mystery of distant communication through electromagnetic waves. The television set has often been depicted as intrinsically occult or even haunted.It is therefore natural that television has proven to be an ideal medium to present beliefs, tales, and investigations about paranormal phenomena. Most such presentations have been openly ficticious, but in television the distinction between fact and fiction is often blurred, and the emergence of shows where the crew claims to pursue a serious investigation was inevitable. One of the most successful such shows is the British Most Haunted, airing since 2001.

The purpose of this thesis is to shade light on some of the problems associated with rights issues with regard to Swedish law. This thesis is limited to discuss problems regarding directed rights issues, rights issue discounts, underwriting agreements and asset to share compensation. The common factor for these matters is that the current legal situation is somewhat uncertain which allows for differences interpretation and judgment..

This is a study on the electronic reference work of some Swedish university and university college libraries. The purpose of the study has been to find out how the service works at the different libraries, to study the electronic reference interview and to find what is important when you start a new electronic reference service in the light of Brenda Dervin's sense-making theory study. Furthermore, we examine the aims of the electronic services offered and the differences between electronic and traditional reference interviews. In the background to the study we place electronic reference services in a context by describing the role of information technology and electronic mail in the libraries. The electronic reference interview is studied with the help of literature on the traditional reference interview.

German-Jewish Nobel Prize laureate Nelly Sachs is remembered for her poetry written while in exile in Sweden. In this essay I have tried to examine how the exile situation shaped her poetry and what different kinds of stages the poetry went through. For example - how it went from being dark and painful when concerning the holocaust, into light and hopeful with reconciliation during the last years of her life.The exile turned out to be a catalyst to her poetry..

Inledning: Sömn är ett vanligt problem hos äldre patienter på sjukhus och äldreboenden.  Brist på sömn leder till ökad risk att drabbas av stroke och hjärt-kärlsjukdom samt att det ger en negativ påverkan på rehabilitering. Sömnläkemedel är idag den främsta behandlingen mot sömnproblem, vilka ger biverkningar som exempelvis sedation dagtid, yrsel, talsvårigheter och mardrömmar.   Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att sammanställa vetenskapliga artiklar om vilka icke-farmakologiska åtgärder mot sömnproblem som sjuksköterskan kan tillämpa i sin profession för att främja sömnen hos äldre patienter. Metod: En litteraturstudie där originalartiklar söktes i databaserna PubMed, Medline och Cinahl varav 16 originalartiklar granskades och sammanställdes. Resultat: Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie visar att det finns icke-farmakologiska åtgärder för att förbättra sömnen. Dessa är akupunktur, nya rutiner samt kognitiv beteendeterapi. Förbättringarna som kan ses efter utförda icke-farmakologiska åtgärder är bland annat kortare insomningstid, ökad sömnduration, färre uppvaknanden och bättre sömn. Patienterna beskriver en förbättrad upplevelse av den egna sömnen efter tillämpning av dessa åtgärder. Slutsats: Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie visar att det finns olika beprövade icke-farmakologiska åtgärder vilka har en positiv effekt på sömnen.

Animal art is one of the more mystical aspects of Scandinavian Iron Age culture. It has foremost been regarded in the light of art and style history. Interpretation has also ? mainly from the 1990s and onwards ? been made through iconographic analysis. But the problem here is that iconography requires textual analogy, something that the Scandinavian Iron Age lacks.The purpose of this paper is to lift some of the ?mystical fog? that engulfs the scandinavian animal art, by developing a method for interpretation of pre-historic images that evades the flaws in the iconographic method.

Bakgrund: Patienter som ventilatorvårdas på intensivvårdsavdelning behöver ofta någon form av lätt sömn (sedering) för att tolerera endotrachealtuben och ventilatorbehandling. De traditionella intravenösa läkemedel som ges har lång halveringstid och det är stor risk för kvardröjande effekter. Syfte: Denna pilotstudie syftar till att studera sederingsdjupet enligt MAAS hos de patienter som blivit sederade med inhalationsgas, kontrollera vakenhetsgraden enligt GCS hos dessa patienter efter avslutad sedering, samt beskriva vilka patientgrupperna är som fått inhalationssedering. Metod: Journalgranskning där resultatet har analyserats och kategoriserats, därefter har en sambandsanalys gjorts. Resultat: I resultatet identifierades 3 patientkategorier som fått isofluransedering: patienter med hotad luftväg som förväntats behöva kort sederingstid och snabb väckning, patienter som var svåra att sedera optimalt med intravenös metod samt patienter med organsvikt där risk för ackumulation och/ eller förlängd elimination av läkemedel förelåg.

Introduktion: Dental erosion definieras som förlust av tandens hårdvävnad genom en kemisk process som inte involverar bakterier. Dagens förändrade livsstil och kosthållning medför att våra tänder oftare utsätts för kemisk påverkan som kan leda till erosion. Det är flera faktorer som samverkar och dental erosion har en multifaktoriell etiologi.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva olika registreringsmetoder för dental erosion.Frågeställningar: Vilka metoder kan användas för registrering av initial erosion? Vilka metoder kan användas för registrering av avancerad erosionsskada? Vilka metoder är kliniskt beprövade på patient?Metod: LitteraturstudieResultat: Ett flertal registreringsmetoder fanns beskrivna i litteraturen, merparten var inte applicerbara kliniskt. Registeringsmetoderna som framgick i den beskrivande litteraturstudien var: 3D scanning microscope (IFM), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Digital photography (DP), Focus-variation 3D microscopy (FVM), Longitudinal microradiography (LMR), Non-contact confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Optical assessment, Optical profilometry (OP), Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Stylus profilometry (SP), Ultrasound, White light interferometry (WLI) och X-ray diffraction (XRD).Konklusion: Vid registrering av initial erosion krävs analys av tandytans mineralinnehåll samt optiska analyser med hjälp av instrument.

Bakrund: Fast track-kirurgi är ett alltmer vanligt förekommande arbetssätt inom hjärtkirurgi. Tidigare studier har påvisat att en tidig extubation har medfört en vinst i patientens rehabili-teringsprocess samt bidragit till kortare vårdtider och sänkta sjukvårdskostnader. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga och redovisa graden av smärta och konfusion efter extubation hos patienter som genomgått hjärtkirurgi. Metod: Material inhämtades genom en fortlöpande journalgranskning. Pilotstudien granskade patientjournaler samt övervakningsjournaler i realtid.

The rainforests of the world are important not only to the countries in which they grow but to the world as a whole. They influence oxygen and water circulation as well as carbon sequestration which in turn affect global radiation and global warming. The forest also have great value and in Malaysia as in many other tropical countries large volumes are harvested which leaves great areas of degraded forest with little growth and biological diversity. Due to their low financial value these forests are often transformed and used for other purposes than forestry such as oil palm plantations. The trees are often transported out of the forest using large bulldozers. They are heavy which causes compaction of the forest floor and during transport the top soil layers are moved to improve mobility.

Beans are a global source of plant-based protein, and in some countries, they constitute a primary source of protein intake. With ongoing climate change, including rising temperatures, it is necessary to adapt beans to ensure a reliable food supply. An important mechanism that many plants have, to cope with high temperatures, is cooling through transpiration. During transpiration, stomata open and release water vapor. Water molecules use heat energy from the leaf to convert into gas, thereby cooling the leaf.

The major difference between venture capital-firms and other financiers is that their business idea is not only providing capital but also knowledge in business development. The ownership structure of an venture capital-firm can be private as well as public. The Swedish government is today one of the major actors in the Swedish venture capital-industry. The purpose of this study is to shed light on how venture capital-firms involve itself in its portfolio firm and if this contributes to an increased value of the portfolio firm. We also try to shed light on differences in how a public and a private venture capital-firm gets involved in its portfolio firm and if there is any difference in how they can contribute to added value.We have chosen to interview two public and two private venture capital-firms and one of their portfolio firms.

The intention of this study is to investigate possible excitation on dogs due to buprenorphine treatment. The reason for it to be about buprenorphine and not any other opioid is due to its relevance being one of the most popular opioids in animal care, as well as the authors own experience with what seems to be buprenorphine induced excitation in her own dog. The study consists of a literature review and an internet based survey containing thirty questions sent out to twelve animal clinics and animal hospitals. Significant agitative effects on behavior has been found in studies on horses, sheep, goats, rats and mice, but no one shows the effects of buprenorphine on dogs. The literature on opiod effects on dog behavior seems sparse.

The aim of this essay is to make clear, whether or not, textile research is visualised in a wider archaeological discussion today. The aim is then to discuss what the archaeological and textile technological research situation in Scandinavia looks like today, and how that relate to what has happened in these two research fields during the years. This essay also has a purpose to find out if there is a need of visualising textile research more in future archaeology, how that shall be done, and what that can possibly supply to our general picture of the prehistory.The head questions are discussed in the light of three investigations. The first is a study of literature used in archaeological education at five Swedish universities. The other two consists of a study which is aimed to find out how textile research results are published, and one in which archaeologists and textile researchers have answered questions about how they experience the relation between archaeology and textile research.There has also been done a comparison between interpretations of the archaeological material from the site of Löddeköpinge in west Scania.

The aim: was to describe and compare a group of experts and critical care nurses' agreement in detecting delirium in intubated, ventilator treated patients with sedation / analgesia, before and after an in house training intervention with the instrument Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).Method: A quasi-experimental study, one group pretest - posttest design. A convenience sample of 17 critical care nurses in a general intensive care unit included. To detect delirium the instrument CAM-ICU was used, 21 paired tests before and 22 after an educational intervention.Main Results: The results showed that after an in house training intervention sensitivity and kappa coefficient improved of the characteristic 1 "acute onset and fluctuating course," an improvement that was significant. In other features, and overall values were signs of numerical improvement and deterioration in sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient but no significant change.Conclusion: Implementing a new instrument for detecting delirium in clinical practice requires education and follow-up. A small sample of critical care nurses with varying ability to use the new instrument and the fact that patients' status may change rapidly making it difficult to draw any conclusions from this study.