De mänskliga rättigheterna brister i sin universalism. Många människor som lever i demokratier nekas grundläggande rättigheter därför att de inte är medborgare i den stat där de bor. Anledningen till detta är att nationalstater, som har ansvar för att de mänskliga rättigheterna efterföljs, traditionellt endast anses ha ansvar för sina medborgare. Uppsatsen utreder och synliggör motsättningen mellan mänskliga rättigheters inkluderande och medborgerliga rättigheters exkluderande natur samt vilka konsekvenser detta får för icke-medborgare.Tre teorier om postnationellt medborgarskap presenteras och genom en mer utförlig diskussion av dessa idéer försöker vi i en konstruktiv ansats utforma en mer inkluderande medborgarskapsmodell i två nivåer; den globala och den nationella. I denna modell utgör de mänskliga rättigheterna en juridisk grund för ett medborgarskap för de människor som saknar det nationella.

This study examines the view of the people, unemployed in the city of Växjö during the period from 1820 to 1860. The focuses are on the perspective in which these people where seen by the municipal executive board in the city of Växjö. The result of this study shows that the rulers had a conservative wiev of them who were unemployed. Usually, the meaning was that their situation was only caused by their own laziness. Starting ?Workinghouse? was the best way solving the problem with them who were unemployed, was the common opinion in the view of the rulers..

Based on widespread public debate prior to Swedish EMU-referendum 2003, the main purpose of this thesis is to examine and analyze the standpoint of the Swedish parliamentary parties in the EMU-issue, from perspektive of the following questions;1) What is the official standpoint of the parliamentary parties in the EMU-issue?2) What claimed effects of a Swedish EMU-membership or non-membership have the parties presented?3) What rifts can be found within the parties, in relation to their official standpoint in the EMU-issue?The Sweidish parliamentary parties´ standpoint in the EMU-issue will be analyze from the point of view of a number of current theories. These theories are basically democrazy theories that all have transnationalization and Europeanization as a common ground.The conclusions are, among others, that the parliamentary parties` standpoints in the EMU-issue are based on ideological values about whether or not a Swedish EMU-membership is good for Sweden. The Liberal Party, the Christian Democrats, the Moderate Party and the Social Party have a positive view on EMU and a deeper European integration, and basically value the economic efficency of the EMU higher than democratic decision making and a national currency and monetary policy. As for the EMU-critical parties such as the Centre Party, the Green Party and the Left Party, their view in the EMU-issue can be regarded as more nationalistic, since they say no to an exapanded financial cooperation.

This study examines the possibilities of interpreting the moral values and ethics presented in the current curriculums in a way that makes them inclusive and constructive. The study also reveals how the liberal democratic ideal, presented in the curriculums as a hyper-ideology, is not at all easy to define or live up to in the pluralistic school of today.By close-reading and criticizing the curriculum for the Swedish senior high school (Gy11)and by looking at it from two different points of views, as rules or norms and as a process, Ishow how the curriculum can be interpreted as a basis or starting point for a communicationabout values. I also discuss wether the aim of this communication should be consensus or anongoing process..

This paper is a study of a European citizenship in relation to two different perspectives on citizenship ? universalism and pluralism - from a gender perspective. We discuss a universal citizenship with equal rights and a pluralistic citizenship with different rights (groupdifferentiated rights), in relation to women within the European Union.First, we try to decide whether the European citizenship draws towards a universal or pluralistic direction. Secondly, we discuss problems with the universal and the pluralistic citizenship in relation to women in EU. It's not evident which of them best favours women's needs and interests; both are problematic in its own way.

?Problemet? immigration i ?möjligheternas? EU är en uppsats som ämnar analysera EU:s immigrations- och asylpolitik. Materialet består av olika policydokument, utgivna av EU-kommissionen. Det är en diskursanalys med syfte att söka urskilja bakomliggande mönster för den politik som formuleras i texterna. Diskursanalysen vilken är en breddad typ av textanalys utgör uppsatsens metod.

Moderaterna, Centerpartiet, Folkpartiet och Kristdemokraterna har sedan 2004 haft ett formaliserat samarbete under det gemensamma namnet Alliansen. Sedan 2006 innehar de även regeringsmakten i Sverige. Viss koalitionsbildningsforskning anger värderingar som en viktig grund för koalitionsbildning. Syftet med denna uppsats är utifrån det att baserat på grundvärderingar analysera likheter och olikheter mellan de i Alliansen ingående partierna, för att sedan jämföra det mot grundläggande koalitionsbildningsteorier. För att mäta partiernas ideologier har en kvantitativ textanalys genomförts.

This study examines the possibilities of interpreting the moral values and ethics presented in the current curriculums in a way that makes them inclusive and constructive. The study also reveals how the liberal democratic ideal, presented in the curriculums as a hyper-ideology, is not at all easy to define or live up to in the pluralistic school of today.By close-reading and criticizing the curriculum for the Swedish senior high school (Gy11)and by looking at it from two different points of views, as rules or norms and as a process, Ishow how the curriculum can be interpreted as a basis or starting point for a communicationabout values. I also discuss wether the aim of this communication should be consensus or anongoing process..

This essay is regarding the problematic facts about child poverty in Sweden. Since the beginning of the new millennium child poverty has increased, in Sweden. The last report which came out in the spring this year (2012) opened up for a lively political debate as well as big headlines in news papers and other media. The attention it got in Society became hard for the politicians to avoid. The Swedish section of Save the Children, demanded in their report concerning child poverty in Sweden that the Swedish Government need to do an inquiry about the increasing child poverty.  Today in Sweden, there are two big parties, and they have been the biggest for a long time now.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera Aftonbladets och Expressens rapportering av Haiti under en specifik historisk tidpunkt och undersöka om och i så fall på vilka sätt postkoloniala diskurser om Väst och De Andra präglar denna rapportering. Det empiriska materialet består av 99 artiklar som alla berör jordbävningskatastrofen i Haiti och som publicerats i Expressen och Aftonbladet under tidsperioden 13 januari 2010 till och med 22 januari 2010.Uppsatsens analyser visar att det universalistiska likhetsideal som merparten av artiklarna appellerar till är samma likhetsideal som samtidigt konstruerar Haiti som annorlunda och haitierna som De Andra. Det blir tydligt hur motsägelsefulla resonemang får mening genom eurocentriska dikotomier mellan västerländsk överordning och haitisk underordning. Föreställningar om ett rationellt, civiliserat, pålitligt och godhjärtat Väst tillåts att frodas i relation till ett Haiti iscensatt som passivt, farligt, korrumperat, opålitligt och laglöst. Bistånd, hjälparbete och militära interventioner framställs därför inte bara som en direkt aktion för att hjälpa de drabbade av jordbävningen utan också som ett medel för att hjälpa Haiti in i civilisationen med universalistiska värden och en utopisk självbild som ledstjärna..

FN har sedan starten varit en tongivande gestalt för demokratisering och människorätt. Trots detta passerade 30 år innan organisationen manifesterade sitt motstånd mot den frekventa diskrimineringen av kvinnor. Därefter har jämställdhetsarbetet undergått flera genomgripande paradigmskiften. FNs fjärde globala kvinnokonferens utgjorde startskottet för ännu ett nytt progressivt tänkande kring jämställdhet och respekt för kvinnors mänskliga rättigheter.Denna uppsats behandlar FNs jämställdhetssyn med särskilt fokus på ambitionen att utforma globalt fungerande principer. Genom kritisk analys granskas FNs uppfattning om jämställdhetsproblematiken ur ett feministiskt perspektiv.

Archbishop KG Hammar has attracted attention for his liberal position in theology. His view on the role of language and communication is central in several books and articles he has published as leader of the Church of Sweden. One of his main theses is the fact that meaning is created in the encounter between text and reader. He often reiterates: God is relation. This non-traditional dynamic stance has a broad impact not only on theology.

Syftet med studien är att studera hiphopkulturen i en mellanstor svensk stad, närmare bestämt åtta svenska hiphoppares syn på hiphopkulturen, dess kommersialisering, dess positiva syn på droger och våld samt den negativa kvinnosynen i hiphopkulturen. Studien är kvalitativt inriktad och baseras på intervjuer och litteratur. Ungdomskulturperspektiv är central för studien. Undersökningen visar att de intervjuade, varken har en negativ kvinnosyn eller är positiva till våld mot poliser, något man kan få intryck av när man studerar hiphopmusikens texter. Undersökningen visar att de intervjuade har en liberal narkotikasyn och en negativ bild av kommersialisering..

This study focuses on nationalism in Central and Eastern Europe. Anchored in theories that this region historically has been characterized by a nationalism that is based on the ethnic group rather than on liberal or civic concepts, it is the purpose of this study to explore whether these theories still apply in recent times when the region has been liberalized, for example manifested in the entry to the European Union. The research question has been tested through analysis of the constitutions of a number of Central and Eastern European countries in order to investigate what type of nationalism that the states have codified in their basic political documents. The results show that some of the states give expression to the historical ethnic nationalism in their constitutions, which indicates that the theories still are relevant..

Sustainable development has become the ideology of the twentieth first century. As an important concept and as a framework of political action, sustainable development can at this point be considered as the very symbol of a paradigm in the international debate over environmental issues and the threats of climate change. But what does the concept of sustainability actually suggest? This thesis uses discourse analysis in order to examine the Swedish learning for sustainable development as to three different discourses on the national arena: the government and the municipals of Piteå and Växjö respectively. When the study foremost concerns official policy documents that contain associations with the study area, the methodology used takes into consideration both language, signs, metaphors and so called story lines.