?Claiming the right to space? is an argument frequently used by street artists for justifying illegal art in the public space. The public city space as a room of democracy and right to free speech is by some people considered threatened by commercial interests, and street art has become a way to demonstrate disapproval towards this. Street art is illegal and often anonymously performed in our cities. It developed in the late 1970s from the urban graffiti scene in America, and has therefore a lot in common with the graffiti movement.

The public relations business has grown from almost nothing to a large international industry the last decades. Throughout the history the industry has struggled with a lot of critique and public relations has become a negative symbol for manipulation of information. Because of this negative view of the industry and the medial change taking place, the purpose of this study is to investigate how two different generations think about public relations. More accurate, the study will through a qualitative interview study explore how young people from a highschool in Luleå and elder people from Luleå township thinks about pubic relations, and most imortant why they have this particular view. By creating four focus groups, two with men and two with women, this also enables a comparative study between the gender. The focus groups were later analyzed and compared to two selected groups of theories on public relations, the theories were positive and critical theories compound in two categories.

This thesis examines the organization Empower and their members, who consist of sex working women in Thailand. The purpose is to explore the more liberal point of view of prostitution and how the female members perceive Empower. Furthermore the study investigates if the organization can improve the sex workers empowerment. The study also delineates how these women reflect on their professional role as a sex working woman and whether the women relate to feminine discourses. The study is implemented in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the fall of the year 2010 and is based on qualitative methods like interview, focus group, observations and text analysis.

In this thesis, we have analyzed the Swedish debate about whether to impose a national canon, and make it compulsory in school curricula. Cecilia Wikström, a Liberal MP in Sweden, made the suggestion in July 2006, and the focus of our analysis is the subsequent debate during July and August 2006. Our materials are polemical articles from three Swedish newspapers, which we have examined to find the main ideas and arguments behind the various standpoints. Three issues have been our main focus; first, we have analyzed which concepts of culture the various debaters have used, where we have seen a difference between an anthropological and an aesthetical concept, but, surprisingly, found that there isn?t a very strong correlation between an aesthetical concept of culture and being pro-canon, or between an anthropological concept of culture and being anti-canon.

Patienter ska fasta inför elektiv kirurgi på grund av risken för kräkning och aspiration av ventrikelinnehållet till lungorna, oberoende av anestesimetod. Under de senaste decennierna har forskning gjorts angående preoperativ fasta och därigenom har riktlinjerna förändrats mot en mer liberal riktning. I den kliniska verksamheten är det idag mer regel än undantag att fasta från midnatt för patienter som ska genomgå elektiv kirurgi på förmiddagen och tidig eftermiddag, vilket dock inte styrks av evidens utan baseras mer på erfarenheter. Det finns stark evidens som stödjer att preoperativ fasta borde vara två timmar för vätska och sex timmar för fast föda. Sjuksköterskan är den som är ansvarig för patienternas omvårdnad i den kliniska verksamheten.

The UN was established after the Second World War. The organization?s primary goal was to maintain peace among all nations. When the UN intervenes in other states affairs, it is violat-ing the principles it is set to defend, principles of non-intervention and respect for sover-eignty. The outcome from such interventions is very important, a result that can legitimize the action.

Studien syftar till att utforska vilken värdegrund som skolans styrdokument förmedlar och hur eleverna i gymnasieskolan uppfattar dessa värden. Studien är genomförd i en tvåstegsanalys, med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av gymnasieskolans styrdokument och en kvantitativ surveyundersökning av gymnasieelevers upplevelse av demokratiska värden i skolan. Den hermeneutiska analysen av styrdokumenten lyfter fram fyra demokratityper som går att återfinna i gymnasieskolans verksamhet; Realistisk demokrati, Deltagardemokrati, Deliberativ demokrati och Liberal demokrati. Enkätundersökningen analyserar upplevelsen av förekomsten av de fyra demokratityperna i skolan, sett till huvudmannaskap, programinriktning, politiskt intresse, kön, trygghet i klassrummet, förväntningar på skolan och lärares samhällsintresse. Resultatet visar att det finns skillnader i upplevd demokratityp sett till huvudmannaskap och programinriktning där kommunala gymnasieskolor och studieförberedande program har en större förekomst av deliberativ demokrati.

Säkerhetsrådet antog resolution 1325 (år 2000) för att förstärka FN:s fokus på förtrycket mot kvinnor och deras roll i konflikt ? och postkonflikt ? samhällen. Det 20:e århundradets ledord blev jämlikhet, utveckling och fred. Resolution 2122 antogs tretton år senare, den understryker fokus på kvinnans rättsliga ställning, denna gång med särskild betoning på kvinnors delaktighet i beslutsprocesser. I uppsatsen har jag undersökt för- och nackdelar i FN-systemet samt folkrätten.

Svenskars syn på samt konsumtion av alkohol har under de senaste decennierna förändrats till att bli allt mer positiv. Detta tros vara en följd av det svenska inträde i Europa Unionen vilket har inneburit en allt mer liberal alkoholpolitik och även påverkat gemene mans attityd till alkohol. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar attityder till alkoholkonsumtion. Uppsatsen är av kvantitativ karaktär där datamaterialet kommer från en studie utförd av SoRAD (Centrum för socialvetenskaplig alkohol- och drogforskning) vid Stockholms universitet, år 2002, där svenskarnas alkoholvanor har kartlagts. 7899 individer 17?80 år gamla som slumpmässigt valdes ut från Statistiska centralbyråns (SCB) register över totalbefolkningen (RTB) intervjuades via telefon.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which occurs worldwide and spreads between humans mainly through sex, from mother to child, blood and blood products and between injecting drug users. After been infected with HIV for a couple of years the final stage of the infection progress into Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and there is no cure or vaccine, only medication that delays the development of the disease. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to examine the preventive work against HIV in Sweden, the groups at risk for getting infected and to highlight sexual attitudes and behaviours among adolescents and young adults. Method: A literature based study method was used and the material is based on scientific articles and reports from active actors within the field of HIV prevention.

Large corporations have come to play a central role in today?s society. By analyzing how corporations describe their work with Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, my aim is to review how they view and relate to this role. CSR means that a corporation voluntarily takes a civic responsibility beyond that which is required by law. This can be in order to promote human rights, basic workers rights and a better environment, as well as fighting corruption.In order to get at the role played by CSR, I have studied texts dealing with the subject, which have been published on the internet by the five largest Swedish corporations.

The public spaces of the city from a social sustainability perspective, Jubileumsparken, a public space for the young, aims to see how public spaces can be open and accessible to all young people in the community. New public spaces can be created and formed by urban planning. A public space that is undergoing considerable development is Jubileumsparken, which is situated in Gothenburg. This area constitutes the case study for this thesis. Due to the commercialization in the neo-liberal society of today, there is a risk that economically weak people, such as the young, the unemployed or students, can?t take part of all public spaces.

Personlig assistans är en insats som syftar till att ge funktionshindrade människor möjlighet att leva ett så självständigt liv som möjligt. När personlig assistans ges till barn ska assistansen både möjliggöra barnets självbestämmande och frigörelse och ge föräldrarna möjlighet till avlösning. Familjen ska också kunna genomföra aktiviteter som barnet inte deltar i. I många fall väljer föräldrarna att själva bli personlig assistent för sitt barn. I studien har fyra föräldrar intervjuats om sin syn på föräldrarollen i förhållande till sin roll som personlig assistent till sitt barn. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur föräldrar som är personliga assistenter till sina barn själva uppfattar rollerna och hur de använder dem i familjens vardagsliv. Studien är kvalitativ med hermeneutisk ansats och i analysen används Goffmans dramaturgiska rollperspektiv, Foucaults relationella maktbegrepp och begreppet empowerment. Resultatet visar att föräldrarna inte avgränsar rollerna utan upplever sig som en förälder som utför assistansuppgifter.

The following essay is named The canonization of Joan of Arc, a Church political strategy or the creation of a national symbol? Joan of Arc, the French heroine of the Hundred Years War, was canonized as late as 1920, in a process that began already in 1869. In the following essay I am trying to work out if this canonization is a work of the Vatican in order to gain popularity in France after the breakup with the state in 1905. The Catholic Church had, since the French Revolution, faced difficulties withstanding its position of power in the presence of the upcoming Secularism and Liberalism and their growing public support. The Catholic Church had been fighting for its members and at the same time fighting the new ideas of Socialism, Communism and Liberalism.

In the post Cold-War era, world politics was transforming itself through its emerging complex issues such as terrorism and influential and interdependent actors such as the European Union. In this new era, the European Union was developing its Common Foreign and Security Policy pillar both to present a coherent and unified EU policy and to prove its political potent in order to become an influential actor on world politics. On the other side, security environment was also transforming its content through emerging actors and issues. As one of the most prominent actors of the world politics, the EU was influenced by the transformation of security environment, whose economic ?soft power? proved necessary but insufficient for being a global power in this emerging security environment.