Virala orsaker till reproduktionsstörningar så som abort, resorption av foster och dödfödda valpar är hos hundar ofullständigt kartlagda. Herpesvirus är det agens som har studerats mest och är även ett välkänt abortagens på andra djurslag, däribland häst. Hundens herpesvirus (CHV-1) orsakar hos vuxna individer i regel endast milda respiratoriska symptom. Hos dräktiga djur kan viruset ge upphov till förlust av valpar och även orsaka en kraftig och dödlig infektion hos neonatala valpar. Precis som många andra herpesvirus kan CHV-1 ge upphov till en latent infektion som kan reaktiveras vid stress.

Den intracellulära protozoon Neospora caninum är en viktig orsak världen över till abort hos nötkreatur. De exakta bakomliggande mekanismerna till abort är omdiskuterade och sambanden verkar vara komplexa. Immunförsvar hos såväl moder som foster har en roll i patogenesen. Denna litteraturstudie syftar till att se vilken roll immunförsvaret har under dräktigheten och vid uppkomst av abort till följd av en neosporainfektion. Många olika hypoteser kring aborterna har lagts fram och merparten av dessa visar att tidpunkten för när infektion sker är avgörande för utfallet av dräktigheten.

In 2007 the Swedish government appointed a commission of inquiry with the task to submit a proposal of reduction in the requirement of a minimum legal capital for private limited liability companies. The commission of inquiry?s main proposal involved a reduction to SEK 50,000 compared to the prevailing SEK 100,000. Following a complementary proposal from the Justice Department suggesting a reduction to SEK 1, this paper aims at providing an understanding of the function and purpose of a minimum legal capital and the consequences that follows from an abolition of the statutory capital requirement. The thesis concludes that the legal capital?s main purpose is that of a standard contract internalizing the shareholder?s risk in business.

The question of whether there is soft law in international law has been as much the subject of contemporary debate as whether or not there is private legal authority in the international society. The legal boundaries seem to be blurred by the process of globalisation and the recent shift in international law. The traditional definition of international law has been outdated as new forms of treaties has introduced new subject of law to the judicial arena. At the same time a supplementary map of law has been added to the cartography of international law, soft law. These correlating processes have comprehensive political and legal consequences at both the international and national levels.

Den intracellulära protozoon Neospora caninum är en viktig orsak världen över till abort hos nötkreatur. De exakta bakomliggande mekanismerna till abort är omdiskuterade och sambanden verkar vara komplexa. Immunförsvar hos såväl moder som foster har en roll i patogenesen. Denna litteraturstudie syftar till att se vilken roll immunförsvaret har under dräktigheten och vid uppkomst av abort till följd av en neosporainfektion. Många olika hypoteser kring aborterna har lagts fram och merparten av dessa visar att tidpunkten för när infektion sker är avgörande för utfallet av dräktigheten.

Bakgrund: Internationellt existerar fortfarande illegala aborter med kvinnans hälsa, och i somliga fall liv, som insats. Inom gynekologisk vård i Sverige arbetar allmänsjuksköterskor vilka vars arbetsuppgifter bland annat består av att vårda kvinnor som genomgår inducerade aborter. Deras arbete vilar på den svenska abortlagens bestämmelser om kvinnans rätt till fri abort samt den övergripande hälso- och sjukvårdslagen. Allmänsjuksköterskor har fått en mer framträdande roll i arbetet med inducerade aborter i takt med den ökade användningen av den medicinskt inducerade aborten. I sitt arbete ställs sjuksköterskorna inför specifika arbetsuppgifter vilka kan tyckas påfrestande.

The legal conception of contra legem derives from Roman law and is translated into "against the law". A decision contra legem arises when the text of law and the legislators purpose of law are disregarded. A paradoxal consequence is that there will always be a decision contra legem, when the text of lawand the legislators purpose of law are contradictory. It is therefore important that decisions contra legem are based on legitimate motives to ensure law and order. In fraudem legis is another legal conception from Roman law and is translated into "evasion of law".

This master thesis concerns the relation between law and the theory of the conceptual metaphor which has developed within cognitive linguistics. Although its main focus is abstract thinking, it also covers a wide range of aspects within cognitive linguistics, such as the prototype theory and radial categories. In order to address this relation, three questions will be dealt with. Firstly, does the theory of the conceptual metaphor have relevance to interpretation of legal rules and contracts? Secondly, can the same theory explain why a legal rule or a contractual term has been interpreted outside of its most given area of application? Thirdly, when an interpretation is not predictable from a legal viewpoint, can such an explanation answer to that fact? Answering the first question will require a descriptive analysis of the conceptual metaphor and cognitive linguistics.

År 2007 genomfördes i Sverige cirka 37 000 aborter i tidig graviditet, dvs. före vecka 12. Samma år var det 2083 aborter i vecka 12-17 och 360 efter vecka 18. I föreliggande studie har upplevelser av ett etiskt dilemma vid sen abort, dvs. efter vecka 12 undersökts.

Shortselling and loan of shares are becoming a common complement to"traditional"trade in shares. To be able to lend shares, it is necessary to reregister the shares so that the shortseller is competent to sell these shares further. In a legal sense, the proprietorship of the shares has changed hands, though it is not obvious for those involved to see what happens to the prorietorship. The obscurity is principally whether a complete changeover of the proprietorship is made between those concerned. This essay makes clear which legal consequences loan of shares and shortselling get concerning the proprietorship, and how a conflict between the lender and the third party should be solved if the shortseller becomes bankrupt.

The purpose of this report is to study when and why legal persons have been allowed to acquire agricultural properties. The ownership of agricultural property is governed by the Land Acquisition Act. The reason for this is because they want to limit legal person owner-ship of agricultural properties. It is believed that a large proportion of pri-vate ownership is healthy and stimulating for the Swedish countryside. There are some exceptions in which legal persons may be able to acquire. This is a review over decisions taken by the authorities. In this report I have studied purchases made between 2008 and 2010.

This paper deals with the legal situation surrounding the legal statutory portion. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the statutory portions function in our society, does the rule fit into today?s society? To carry out this study, the authors analyzed the legal situation accordingly to the legal dogmatic method. Emphasis has been placed especially on laws but also non-government bills and doctrine.The statutory portion was introduced in the Swedish system, as early as in the 17th century. Its primary purpose then was to ensure a heritage to the descendants? heirs.

As an assurance company has an overconsolidation which must be settled the question that needs to be solved is how to do it. Which are the legal rules that the assurance company has to look after? What is a settling of overconsolidation in a legal meaning? Does an assurancepolicy have to be decided? Why did not the Swedish competition authority (Konkurrensverket) accept the policy from SPP and what can be the consequenses of that decision? Are there any tax rules that needs to be solved?.

Syftet för uppsatsen var att undersöka förhållandet mellan religion och politik i det amerikanska samhället med fokus på hur kristendomen påverkar skolundervisningen. Fokus har lagts på områdena: sexualundervisning, homosexualitet, abort och skapelselära kontra utvecklingsteori. Metodologiskt har studien genomförts med analys av aktuell och relevant litteratur och av två religionssociologiska surveyer. I mitt resultat har jag hittat betydande skillnader i hur sexualundervisningen genomförs, de största skillnaderna var mellan sydstaterna i bibelbältet och de nordöstra delstaterna. Betoningen låg på sexuell avhållsamhet före äktenskapet.

During the past 10 years Sweden has updated its penal code for sexual crimes twice. Despite this few are convicted for the crime of rape in Sweden. As the majority of perpetrators being male, this is a problem concerning women?s rights to respect for their bodies and personal integrity. A possible explanation, and this study?s point of departure is a potential discrepancy between the intention of the law and the interpretation of the same as the Swedish legal system rests on a foundation of legal positivism.