The purpose of this study is to give an overview about iron fortification from the view of technique and health. Example of a technical aspect is different iron compounds which are used for fortification like ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate and elemental iron. In the aspect of health the big question is if iron fortification can improve the health in reducing the prevalence of anemia. The study focuses on flour fortification with iron in Egypt and Iran and involves a literature study with scientific articles. Also information from WHO (World Health Organization), FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and FFI (Flour Fortification Initiative) are used.Fortification means an intentionally increasing of the content of micronutrient in foods with the aim to improve the food quality and deliver a nutritional benefit to the consumer.

Background. Immunohistochemistry is a useful method in the differential diagnosis between pleural mesotheliomas and metastatic adenocarcinomas in the pleura. Cytokeratin 20 and 7 have been used successfully as markers in studies determining primary location of adenocarcinomas from metastases. The current study is a complementary research of archived paraffininbedded material of cases with cancer origin. This study contributes a bigger statistical material that may facilitate the search for unknown primary site of adenocarcinoma by identification of metastatic cells in the pleura.Methods.

Low stumps represent on their own up to 80% of the dead wood remaining on clear cuts and therefore supply suitable habitat for saproxylic insects i.e. insects depending on dead wood for their survival. Recent stump harvesting activities threaten this substrate of ecological importance and increase the anthropogenic negative impacts on these species. Because of technical and environmental reasons (nutrient leakage, erosion) guidelines for stump harvesting recommend to retain stumps standing in wet parts of clear cuts. However, stumps in wet positions might not be a satisfactory substrate for saproxylic insects and therefore might not be as much used as stumps in dry positions.

Aim & Questions at issueThe aim of our study is to study how special teachers/special educationalists in schools of Stockholm look at the phenomenon ADHD/DAMP. We have looked into their view on the diagnose, compared to the two different kinds of research visions about the diagnosis who are known in Sweden today. How do the special teacher/special educationalist work with the diagnosed children?This is our questions at issue:? Is there any optimal learning situation for children with ADHD/DAMP?? Is there something that distinguish all children with ADHD/DAMP?? What is positive and negative about giving the diagnose ADHD/DAMP to children?? Is there any external factors that influence that there is so many more children today who has been given a diagnose?? How does special teachers/special educationalists look on amfetamin-treatment?MethodWe have done qualitative interviews with special teachers/special educationalists in the city area of Stockholm. These have been worked up one by one and then been compared and evaluated together.ResultAll special teachers/special educationalists mentioned that when you educate children with ADHD/DAMP, a structured life underlies the possibility for the children to provide knowledge.

Att studera på vuxenutbildningen kan innebära att du som studerande inte har möjlighet närvara fysiskt för vägledning på skolan. Orsaken kan exempelvis vara att du som studerande inte bor nära skolan, du arbetar eller har någon diagnos (exempelvis social fobi).  Syftet i studien är att undersöka vilken typ av kommunikativa medel som erbjuds sådana studerande. Examensarbetet är en kvantitativ studie, där 26 enkäter skickades via e-post till studie- och yrkesvägledarna hos utbildningsanordnare inom vuxenutbildningen. Resultatet visar att 18 utbildningsanordnare av 22 erbjuder vägledning för dessa studerande, samt att det finns variation i de kommunikativa medel som används för vägledning.

AbstractDrinking water is an important resource on Earth both for humans and animals. Although most of the surface is covered by water only a small quantity is available as drinking water. Our manner of living creates a lot of pollution which has an environmental impact. Groundwater has a protracted turnover time in the soil and it can take many years before the effects of human impact are detected. The Swedish environmental object is ?Good groundwater quality? which aims to provide a safe and sustainable supply of drinking water today and in the future.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a disease that can affect cats and is caused by a feline coronavirus (FCoV). FCoV is spread via the feacal-oral route and many cats are carriers of the virus. Despite that, very few of the carrier cats develop FIP. The explanation of this phenomenon is that the virus has to mutate to be able to cause FIP and in the majority of the carrier cats this mutation never occurs. FIP is very hard to diagnose because the symptoms are diffuse and a completely accurate diagnosis can almost exclusively be established during a postmortem necropsy.

Handling of animals during anaesthesia is an important field in the profession as a veterinary nurse and in which intubation is an essential part. Hence, adequate knowledge is necessary for the welfare of the animal. The objective of this literature study was to make it useful and trustworthy for veterinary nurses. It is intended to describe and summarize existing scientificity with its benefits and disadvantages within the different areas of intubation techniques and alternative methods of inhalation anaesthetic supplementation for general anaesthesia in rabbits. Endotracheal intubation in rabbits can be complicated and technically demanding due to the anatomy of the oropharynx including the narrowness of this structure, a relatively large tongue, large incisors and a limited mobility of the temperomandibular joint. The obstructed visualization of larynx and the rabbit?s tendency to develop laryngospasm contributes to the difficulty of intubation. Rabbits are susceptible to tracheal injury and multiple intubation attempts can cause tracheal lesions due to repeated damage to the tracheal mucous membrane, although damage can occur after a single intubation attempt as well. An ETT (endotracheal tube) with or without a cuff can be used during orotracheal intubation in rabbits.

Det svenska välfärdssystemet är ett komplext system som inkluderar en mängd olika servicefunktioner, olika former av stödjande verksamheter och olika finansieringsmodeller. Det kombinerar ett professionellt utförande med en serviceinriktning. Där finns en avsaknad av utvärderingar om hur individer utnyttjar de olika samverkande komponenterna i systemet. Komplexiteten begränsar möjligheterna till att studera interaktioner mellan dess olika delar.Termen ?kommundiagnos? introducerades i Sverige under 1970-talet.

The purpose of this essay is using theories about labeling and social bonds to study whether a measure of rehabilitation for the psychically disabled contributes to a return to a normal status as not-labeled. Partly we examine whether the activities organized by the regulation-ruled authorities during the work of rehabilitation lead to shame or pride, and partly how these activities are organized regarding the processes that lead to the emotions pride or shame among the participants. Method: qualitative semi-structured face-to-face interviews with professional rehabilitation-actors at the Public Employment Office (PEO), the Social Insurance Office (SIO), the Social Service (SOS), the Psychiatry and the Division of Labour Market (AME).Conclusions: the Psychiatry clients are treated with respect, may participate, and communication is characterized by attunement, therefore strong social bonds can be built. On the contrary, among the other examined activities, we found many elements that arouse shame. Since these are more ruled by regulations, the result is engulfment and demands on conformity, because the compromise-possibilities are almost non-existent.

Vårt syfte är att undersöka motivet till att en socialarbetare väljer att ta med hästen som del i sitt arbete. Detta försökte vi finna svar på genom intervjuer med sex stycken utövare av hästunderstött socialt arbete (HUSA). Vår tanke var att försöka förstå varför man väljer att tillföra hästen i ett redan komplext område. Det vi ville få reda på var vilka faktorer som är avgörande för valet att arbeta med häst? Vilka kunskaper ligger till grund för valet att arbeta med HUSA? Och Påverkar tidigare erfarenheter valet att börja arbeta med HUSA? Vårt datamaterial vi fått ut av de semi-strukturerade intervjuerna har vi sedan tolkat utifrån den tidigare forskningen men också genom perspektiv som beskriver komplexiteten i socialt arbete, kunskap och kunskapsformer men också evidensbaserad praktik.

Varje år placeras över 1000 ungdomar inom Statens Institutions Styrelse (SiS), varav ungefär hälften placeras för behandling. Studiens frågeställningar är: I vilken grad uppfattar behandlingsplacerade ungdomar inom SiS att de får hjälp med sina familjeproblem? Finns det synliga samband mellan ungdomarnas könstillhörighet eller etniska ursprung och deras skattade upplevelse av hjälp med familjeproblem under placeringstiden? För att besvara frågorna har kvantitativ arkivdata analyserats, material som vid in- och utskrivning av ungdomar samlats genom strukturerade ADAD-intervjuer (Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis). Studien visar att ungdomarnas upplevelse av hjälp kan delas in i tre kategorier; ?över förväntan? 27%, ?motsvarar förväntan? 41%, ?mindre än förväntat?, 32%.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the understanding of the diagnoses ADHD and DAMP within different professional categories in the educational system, how it is being addressed and how this affect their work with children diagnosed with ADHD or DAMP. We also wanted to shed some light on the debate between Kärfve and Gillberg, about whether the diagnoses of ADHD and DAMP are social constructed problems or biological and genetic disorders. More specifically, our study was of a qualitative nature and consisted of interviews with seven persons working in six different professions within the educational system. The respondents all worked in school environments but with varied roles and thus varied experience of children with ADHD/DAMP. The interviews and literature studies revealed the complexity of ADHD and DAMP and also the diversity of the debate regarding the diagnoses.

Ethanol for automotive purposes is an issue much debated and researchers disagree about the benefits of bioethanol. Converting energy-rich crops into ethanol suitable as motor fuel is a complex process and continuous development and improvements of processes and material used are important steps in the work of developing environmental friendly fuels. Grain is usually preserved by drying which consumes a lot of energy. Alternative storage of high-moisture grain in airtight storage systems reduce the energy required to produce bioethanol and studies have also shown that ethanol yields are increased more than 10% in ethanol fermentations of moist grain compared to dry. Airtight storage is often not perfectly airtight so biocontrol agents are necessary in order to preserve the grain.

A district heating plant has the advantage that it can take advantage of the waste heat from industries and use of cheap fuels to produce heat. But for the long term is competitive requires that energy is also saved in district heating plants. One way to save energy in a district heating system is to increasing cooling to the return temperature. This leads to less power needed to drive the distribution pumps,  and that more energy could be extracted from the same amount of fuel by an improved flue gas condensation.In Karlskoga the return temperature into the district heating plant is high. They would therefore reduce the return temperature in order to extract more energy from the flue gases.