In the current study, the aim was to investigate whether tail posture and motion can be an indicator of the emotional state of pigs and if the tail posture of the pig is affected by social breeding value (SBV), coping style and/or housing. Emotional state can be defined in two dimensions: valence and arousal. Two batches of 96 finishing pigs were studied in a one generation selection experiment with a 2x2 set up and were housed in a barren or straw bedded pen. In each pen, 6 pigs (3 male, 3 female) were housed. A back-test was done to determine the coping style of the pigs with two categories; high resister and low resister pigs.

This paper provides a study about human trafficking with sexual motives performed in European states and the measures taken from national, international and Non-Governmental organizations with the purpose to oppose human trafficking. According to the UN human trafficking has increased and shows tendencies to continue escalating, regardless of the measures taken by various organisations. In this study, four countries with associations to human trafficking have been chosen and organisations related to these countries are studied. The purpose is to inquire into how these organisations work against human trafficking and which objectives and guidelines these organisations strive for together with their values. The aim is to find out which result the organizations efforts gets and if, according to my hypothesis, the efforts oppose themselves.

Problem: What attitudes do young adults have towards Functional food?Is there any relation between these attitudes and young adults behaviour towards Functional Food?Purpose: The purpose of our thesis is to understand young adults attitudes towards Functional Food and also examine the relation between these attitudes and their behaviour towards Functional Food. Method: The authors of this thesis have used a qualitative method for data collection, focus group interviews.  There were two focus groups interviews performed on high-school students at Alléskolan in Hallsberg. The interview questions and the analysis of the primary data have been based on the frame of reference. Conclusion: Our investigation shows similar results as previous studies about consumers attitudes towards Functional Food. Our respondents had mixed attitudes towards Functional Food.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of learning on open-field activity among pre-school children varying from 3 to 5 years old. Altogether 25 children, 13 girls and 12 boys, entered the test from three different preschools in Dalarna. Six of these children represented the control group. The children were asked to learn 2 tasks, 1 visual memory task and 1 spatial constructing-kit task. Before, between and after the tasks, the children were allowed to move freely in the open field.

Background: In 1994 came the general prescription law in force for the district nurses with specific training in pharmacology and pathology in Sweden. According to The National Board of Health and Welfare from 2004 follow-up of the use of the prescription law revealed that nearly half of the district nurses used their prescription once a week. According to previous research the district nurses and patients were positive to the district nurses administration of prescriptions. Doctors, contrariwise, were not as favorable to the district nurses administration of prescriptions. The responsibility of the heads of the health centers is to promote the district nurses to prescribe and make sure that it works in a satisfactory manner.

The aim of the study is to get a better understanding of leader's reactions in a crisis situation, and to examine whether locus of control and coping strategies can be related to leaders need for social support. The role of a leader in a crisis situation is complex and includes several aspects which must be illustrated to understand the leader's situation. Four leaders have participated in the study. The methods that have been used are questionnaires for measuring locus of control and coping and semi-structured interviews. The results show that search for social support cannot be seen as an outcome of a specific locus of control or coping strategy.

This essay is about the meeting of the pedagogic mission and the reality of the conditions in preschools. It is about the frustrations that I, as a pedagogue, experience when I cannot fulfill this mission. An example of this is working when understaffed.My purpose is the acknowledgment of two main areas of the curriculum: caring and learning. This essay demonstrates the diversity of the occupation and it ?s constant need of positioning.

Abstract Thou there are much written about management, are there, according to Mintzberg no simple definitions regarding how managers should operate towards other co-workers or employees. This essay outlines a perspective for study of managers, from an employees point of view. The study was preformed at one private company, and the empirical data was gathered from five employees. The methodological approach contained qualitative methods based on semi-structured interviews. By using this method, a deeper understanding regarding the questions was desired.

The aim of this paper is to examine how mid-level executive officers within Swedish Police respond to subordinates autonomous behaviour, mainly according to Lipsky´s theory on street-level bureaucracy. Questions focused on are:1. Which personnel related obstacles, are preventing the executive officers?2. How do executive officers counter obstacles?3.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns någon skillnad mellan hur medarbetarna uppfattar sin chefs ledarskap och hur chefen uppfattar sitt ledarskap. Studien undersöker även organisationsklimatet på arbetsplatsen för att eventuellt kunna dra paralleller mellan organisationsklimatet och ledarskapet. Mätinstrumenten som använts vid mätningen av ledarskapsstil är Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, utvecklat av Bass (1985) och vid mätning av organisationsklimatet användes GEFA formulär, utvecklat av Ekvall (1986). Deltagarna var medarbetare på Hiltis kundtjänstavdelning samt kundtjänstchefen. 17 av 22 medarbetare medverkade.

SyfteSyftet med studien är att undersöka hur projektledare självskattar sitt ledarskap och projektmedlemmar upplever motivation i pre-development projekt på Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset och Scania.MetodStudien är kvantitativ och deduktiv. För att undersöka förekomst av transformellt ledarskap hos projektledare och inre motivation hos projektmedlemmar har vi valt att använda två frågeformulär, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Leader Form respektive Work Preference Inventory. Båda formulären är undersökta av forskare vad gäller validitet och reliabilitet.ResultatResultatet i vår undersökning visade att projektledare på Karolinska hade en högre förekomst av transformellt ledarskap än de på Scania. I båda organisationerna fanns även transaktionellt ledarskap i ganska stor utsträckning medan förekomsten av passivt undvikande ledarskap var lägre. I analysen av underfaktorerna i MLQ Leader Form (5x-Short) visade våra data för transformellt ledarskap att idealiserade inflytandet och intellektuell stimulans låg högre på Karolinska.

Outdoor housing of horses? best fulfils the horses? need for physical activity and it is an alternative to the more cost and energy demanding indoor housing in stables. Furthermore, if outdoor housed horses have access to shelter they can generally cope well with adverse weather conditions such as high or low ambient temperature, heavy rain or strong winds. In this study, the daytime shelter-seeking behaviour of three groups of horses housed outdoors was studied during the summer. The aim was to evaluate whether shelter use is related to weather variables (e.g., ambient temperature and wind speed) and insect harassment. The shelter-seeking behaviour was studied for three different groups of horses: Group 1) eight individually housed horses in paddocks that had access to three different shelter types (C: closed on three sides with roof, R: open on three sides with roof, W: closed on three sides without roof), Group 2) 25 group housed mares with foals on pasture with access to shelters C, and Group 3) ten mares without foals on pasture without access to shelter. Each group was studied for eight days.

A segmented market, according to traditional methods, appears increasingly difficult in mature consumer markets. A common explanation is that the mature markets are often characterised by over-supply which results in a great variety of choices for the consumer. Furthermore, the consumer of today has a more complex and flexible purchase behaviour which is difficult to catch. This makes consumer segmentation difficult. International studies indicate that dividing consumers into generation cohorts might be advantageous in understanding consumers of today.

Studien bygger på Implicit Leadership Theory, tidigare studiers noterade ledaregenskaper samt egenskaper noterade i denna studie värderade från ett medarbetarperspektiv. Implicit Leadership Theory bygger på hur ledarskap konstrueras av medarbetaren. Deltagare var åtta medarbetare varav tre män. Kvalitativa intervjuer utfördes. Syftet konkretiserades utav önskvärda ledaregenskaper, studiens gemensamma egenskaper och egenskaper överrensstämmande med tidigare studier samt teori. De upplevda egenskaperna delades upp i kategorier som beskrev de önskvärda egenskaperna.

Människan har en förmåga att anpassa sig till en omvärld i förändring. Detta syns inte minst på den taktik- och teknikanpassning som sker i kampen mellan verkan och skydd inom den militära kontexten. Men idag sker inte bara förändring i den militära tekniken; även uppgifterna förändras. Exempelvis kräver de insatser som sker runt om i världen, inom ramen för FN-resolutioner, allt mer av civilmilitär samverkan samtidigt som enheterna måste vara ständigt beredda på att möta en motståndare i strid. Om anpassningsbarhet är det som gör att vi kan förändra oss för att möta nya uppgifter i nya miljöer torde ökad anpassningsbarhet i organisationen vara en fördel.Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka huruvida de svenska ledningsstyrdokumenten, i form av Uppdragstaktiken (ledningsmetod-/filosofi) och Utvecklande ledarskap (ledarskapsmodell), är förenliga med utvecklandet av anpassningsbara officerare.Resultatet av analysen visar på god förenlighet mellan uppdragstaktik och utvecklande ledarskap å ena sidan och anpassningsbarhet å andra sidan.