The aim of this thesis is to form a theory of the green consumer power and to distinguish whether this phenomenon could indicate a movement toward the ecological citizenship. To do so, scientific theories regarding the responsibility of companies have been used, as well as the public choice theory, to link individuals as citizens to individuals as consumers. The motives of corporate environmental responsibility, along with consumers ability to bring pressure in different dimensions, are later drawn on as indicators applied to empirical information. The largest producer of ecological products in Sweden, Arla Foods, is employed as case study to explore if the green consumer power can and does exist. The ecological citizenship uses the ecological footprint, to define in what ways we can minimize our part of environmental degradation.The study seems to strengthen the theory, consumers do have a power to make companies go green and they tend to use it increasingly.

The species in the genus bumblebees (Bombus) are important pollinators. In the world there are 250 bumblebee species and there are 34 species in Norway. The purpose of this study is 1) to assess changes in the species composition of bumblebees in twenty different places in Norway that have been inventoried first one time between 1939-1960 and the second time in 2012, and 2) to relate species richness and distributions to current landscape composition with the aid of orthophotos. In this study, I have used regression analyzes on the different bumblebee species that were present or absent at the inventory, using the premises of the following variables: low or high altitude, latitude, longitude and seven different types of land use (farmland, building/plots, open land/pasture, forest, wetland and open or snow-covered ground above the tree line) to see if there was any relationship between each species and the different variables. I have not analyzed what the landscape looked like at the first inventories and therefore we cannot say whether it has changed and if that is why species number has decreased. This would be interesting to study further and to see if there is any relationship between landscape changes and bumblebee?s species decline.

Bark-stripping by red deer (Cervus elaphus) cause extensive damage to economically valuable spruce trees (Picea abies) in Swedish forests. The underlying causes for bark-stripping are not fully understood, and the frequency and severity of damage unpredictably differ between regions. In this study, I investigated if landscape structure (e.g. agricultural dominated landscape opposed to forest dominated landscape), forage availability, population density and disturbance (e.g. roads and settlements) affect bark-stripping frequency.

When new land use policies are made, opinions of stakeholders need to be taken in account, to avoid future conflicts. The motivations of commercial enterprises are often clear and easily communicated but due to inaccessibility and language barriers the indigenous people?s perspectives and needs are harder to reveal. This study therefore aims to identify species and sites of importance for the local people in Masihulan village on Seram Island, East Indonesia. This is a first step to facilitate better integration of local people´s needs into local government decision-making processes.Researchers at the Center of International Forestry Research (CIFOR), with headquarter in Indonesia, have developed an approached called ?Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment? that aims to assess important natural resources for local communities in tropical countries.

This essay discusses joist floor, and the land-building at these structures. In Malmoe there is a neighborhood called Trumman that has a courtyard where an underground garage is located. What possibilities are there in this place and how would an alternative design look? These issues will this essay answer. In the result part it is both described how the joist in Trumman looks and how it is built correctly.

Vid utsändning av personal är det vanligt att arbetsgivare använder sig av nettolöneavtal för att undvika att personalen säger nej till en utsändning av ekonomiska skäl. Genom att garanteras en nettolön blir skattesatsen i det land som utsändningen sker till betydelselös för den utsände. Detta beroende på att den utsände får det belopp den har blivit lovad och inte mer eller mindre oavsett vilket land personen sänds ut till. När arbetsgivaren åtar sig att betala den skatt som belöper på inkomsten uppkommer en skatteförmån i form av fri skatt.Syftet med uppsatsen är att klargöra rättsläget när det gäller förmån av fri skatt. Eftersom utrycklig reglering i lag saknas inleds uppsatsen med de allmänna principer som styr svensk skatterätt.

During thousands of years, reindeer have adapted to living under harsh conditions with large seasonal variations in climate and forage availability. This adaptation implies that body functions and nourishment needs are strongly bound to the season. In the summer the reindeer has to maximize food intake to build up fat and protein reserves for the winter. More than 200 different plant species are included in the reindeer diet, but since reindeer have an unique ability to use the nourishment in lichen, different lichen species make up a large portion of their winter diet in many areas. Fundamental for reindeer husbandry is access to natural grazing during most of the year.

One part of preventive conservation is controlling the lighting in the exhibitions. As a first step we have to accept the fact that the very act of displaying objects is causing them damage, and because the trend is for everything to be open to the public view all the time, the aim is to minimize light exposure of exhibits.This essay will present lighting options and relate them to the current recommendations. I have put the emphasis upon describing which methods one can use to minimize the degradation of exhibits on display by eliminating UV- and IR-radiation and reducing the visible light. The intention with this essay is to investigate the current lighting options and compare these to the recommendations on lighting exhibitions.The selections of different lighting options such as LED-, halogen- and energysaving lamps were made based on avaibility. Thereafter I did two types of investigations.

A high degree of urbanization with growing cities has raised a need of transforming closed landfill sites for giving them new uses. This study aims to investigate how old landfills can be re-used, what has lead to the new uses, and for what and whom the transformed site will be an asset. The method used is a case study of four different landfills in Stockholm county, Sweden. The case study is analyzed in the light of former studies regarding re-use of degraded urban areas, so called brownfields, and in particular studies and reports of landfill re-use. The result indicates that old landfill sites is identified as an area with possible values if transformed properly, in the case study area especially as green structure and recreation areas.

The population growth and urbanisation in low-income countries bring issues of poor living standards and miserable sanitation conditions onto the agenda. If well-functioning waste management systems were developed, this could master some of the problems. The already existing local informal waste handling system that is common in many low-income countries, needs to be developed with proper sorting and composting solutions to decrease the environmental burden and improve the overall situation in the dense cities. This master?s thesis project is performed with the intention of developing functional decentralised waste management units in the city of Pune, India.

Vid utsändning av personal är det vanligt att arbetsgivare använder sig av nettolöneavtal för att undvika att personalen säger nej till en utsändning av ekonomiska skäl. Genom att garanteras en nettolön blir skattesatsen i det land som utsändningen sker till betydelselös för den utsände. Detta beroende på att den utsände får det belopp den har blivit lovad och inte mer eller mindre oavsett vilket land personen sänds ut till. När arbetsgivaren åtar sig att betala den skatt som belöper på inkomsten uppkommer en skatteförmån i form av fri skatt.Syftet med uppsatsen är att klargöra rättsläget när det gäller förmån av fri skatt. Eftersom utrycklig reglering i lag saknas inleds uppsatsen med de allmänna principer som styr svensk skatterätt.

The Swedish consumption of lamb a increasing, and today we yearly eat a kilo of lamb per person each year. As a consequence the Swedish degree of self production according to lamb is steadily decreasing, and is today about 39 %.Today Swedish Meats is now cooperating with the Swedish lamb breeders organisation to raise that percentage. At the same time the European Union presents a new agricultural reform, the MTR (Mid Term Review). The shape of this new reform is not yet fully known, but the general policy has been more or less outlined. The new reform is split into three propositions: the farm model, the regional model and the mixed model.

Bakgrund: För att vara kostnadseffektiv och utveckla nya bilmodeller i snabb takt använder sig bilföretag av produktplattformar. En produktplattform är ingen fysisk produkt utan varieras med olika komponenter beroende på vilka delar på bilmodellerna som skall vara unika respektive vilka delar som skall vara gemensamma. Nackdelar med flera gemensamma komponenter är att slutprodukterna blir identiska i flera avseenden, vilket försvårar varumärkets arbete med att göra produkterna unika och skilja de från konkurrenternas. En konflikt uppstår således mellan produktplattformens strävan efter gemensamma komponenter och varumärkets arbete med att göra produkten unik.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån de gjorda fallstudierna på bilmodellerna Volvo XC60 respektive Land Rover Freelander 2 som producerats på en gemensam produktplattform analysera och jämföra varumärkenas och bilmodellernas benägenhet att förmedla vad som är unikt i samband med en reklamkampanj.Genomförande: Uppsatsen är genomförd med en kvalitativ ansats, där intervjuer har genomförts. Den empiriska studien är uppbyggd av två deskriptiva fallstudier och jämförelser har gjorts mellan fallen för att se skillnader.Resultat: Uppsatsen har kommit fram till att varumärket är av stort värde för företag eftersom två identiska produkter producerade på en gemensam produktplattform kan säljas som två unika produkter.

This thesis analyzes the expected profitability in land based wind power plants. The expected profitability is calculated on the basis of a wind power project in Vartofta, Falköping. The information required to calculate the expected outcome is then concentrated to this project, which is in this thesis called project Näs. In project Näs they plan to build three wind power plants, with each an effect of 2 MWh. These wind power plants are very capital intensive investments with a long and uncertain payback time.

En allt mer globaliserad värld har bidragit till ökade internationella kontaktnät. Till hjälp för att underlätta och främja affärsrelationer mellan Sverige och USA finns den svensk amerikanska handelskammaren, SACC USA.Idag finns forskning som beskriver vilka faktorer som påverkar en organisation vid prioritering av stakeholders och därmed vilka mönster som kan urskiljas. Likaså finns empirisk forskning om hur en nätverksorganisation kan byggas upp. Däremot finns ingen forskning som, med detta som stöd, skildrar hur en organisation kan bygga upp ett nätverk i ett annat land. Uppsatsens problemformulering lyder som följande? Hur kan en organisation uppbyggd i ett annat land, organisera nätverk för sina stakeholders?Identifiera faktorer som påverkar dels medlemmarnas uppfattningar om organisationens betydelse, dels möjligheten att organisera nätverk i ett annat land.Denna studie behandlar två olika parter vilkas insamlingsmetoder skiljer sig åt.