Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att kartlägga och analysera gränshandeln av burköl mellan länderna Danmark, Estland, Finland, Norge, Sverige och Tyskland. Vi ska dessutom försöka förutse en framtida utveckling i Danmark, Finland, Norge och Sverige. Metod: Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ fallstudie med ett hypotetiskt-deduktivt angreppssätt. Vi tar stöd hos existerande teorier inom scenarioplanering, priselasticitet och Kotler´s adaptionsprocess. Som ett komplement till teorin redogörs för de inblandade ländernas alkoholpolitik, från historisk synvinkel till idag.

The aim of this study was to explore and gain understanding of the situation between managers in different forms of human service organizations. I chose to use a qualitative method and conducted semi-structured interviews with five professional middle managers in the public sector. To accomplish my purpose, I worked on the basis of several questions. The questions dealt with the role of middle management and what it involves, how it is perceived and what the middle managers think of the specific requirements for them and their leadership in organizations that provide services relating to people.  As a result of the analysis I have used the theory of social roles that describes the meaning of the different roles and role conflicts that arise in connection with various and conflicting expectations. The review of the results shows that middle managers in human service organizations experience to have to deal with a complex leadership role.

Background/Problem: Since the IT-burst in 2000 it has been recession within IT-consultant firms (Sif 2004). The tendency is, however, changing slightly and IT-consultants firms are getting more assignments again (Arbetsmarknadsstyrelsen ? AMS, 2004). IT-consultants firms are however still related to stressed per-sonnel (Handelskammaren 2004; Hallstedt 2001). Another critical factor is the communication between management and workers.

?Coming from Sweden and you haven?t heard of it?? Detta citat exemplifierar den självbild som det post-kommunistiska profileringsarbetet tenderar att präglas av. Bristen på insikt känns påtaglig under ett möte med en högt uppsatt tjänsteman inom Pärnu Development Department. Denna problematik skall dock inte förlöjligas utan måste sättas i relation till de omständigheter som skapat den.De tidigare socialistiskt präglade staterna har varit tvungna att anpassa sig till markandsekonomin med förändrade efterfrågemönster och nya konkurrenssituationer. Dessa förhållanden kan verka självklara för ett västeuropeiskt land, men för ett post- kommunistiskt land där marknadsföring och destinationsutveckling i princip inte existerat, var de här förutsättningarna något nytt.

Stockholm has in recent years experienced a strong population increase but despite that fact, the demand for housing has not been followed by enough housing contracts. According to forecasts, growth in population will further be continued upward. With more condominiums than rental units on the market, new apartments are too expensive to live in. This creates unsustainable problems for those in lower classes of society. Creating a housing market in the periphery of Stockholm is not sustainable from a social perspective.

 This essay is a study of whether Japan is secularized on an individual level or not. It is written with the aim of examining if secularization on an individual level has taken place in Japan, and if so, is it possible to make a comparison to Europe and the USA.Key words: Japan, Secularization.

This paper examines how the ideal of manhood is portrayed and constructed and how the participation of Swedish soldier volunteers are motivated and legitimatized. The purpose of this examination is to gain understanding and knowledge about the Swedish soldiers in the Swedish brigade, how they legitimatize and motivate their participation and how the ideal of manhood is portrayed and constructed. The study is based on material from the war archive in Stockholm. The empirical material is composed by letters and propaganda material. In the analysis of the empirical study, there have been two theories used which are Eric Hobsbawms historical method and theory about invented traditions and Peter Aronssons historical method and theory about ?historiebruk? and legitimacy.

AbstractDrinking water is an important resource on Earth both for humans and animals. Although most of the surface is covered by water only a small quantity is available as drinking water. Our manner of living creates a lot of pollution which has an environmental impact. Groundwater has a protracted turnover time in the soil and it can take many years before the effects of human impact are detected. The Swedish environmental object is ?Good groundwater quality? which aims to provide a safe and sustainable supply of drinking water today and in the future.

The main object of this diploma work thesis is about how computer programs can bea tool to use for work on stormwater investigations. The advantage of using acomputer program compared with calculations made by hand is evaluated anddiscussed. The computer programs that have been used for studies and a sequence oftesting of the possibilities are Autodesks Storm and Sanitary Analysis and DHIs MikeUrban.Focus on sustainable development now permeates the building industry. As a resultstormwater investigations have been conducted in an increasing extent the recentyears. Stormwater is water produced due to precipitation, such as rain and snowmelt.Stormwater investigations normally contain descriptions of existing land use, plannedland use and suggestions of measures and technical solutions for the future disposal ofstormwater.The initial part of the thesis consisted of literature studies on stormwater andstormwater investigations to understand the science.

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is since its recent establishment and increasing density a controversial species in Sweden. But the attitudes towards the wild boar are poorly documented so far. To improve this knowledge, a questionnaire was sent out to chosen people (n=400) connected to the management and/or land use activities. The study got 162 replies (reply frequency 40,5%) and the results show varying attitude trends among organizations and individuals, with some aspects coherent within groups and some not. Farmers and their organization showed the most negative attitudes towards wild boars, which was expected due to the practical and economic problems they suffer from this species. People involved with forestry were more positive to wild boars, probably because the species does not affect forest growth etc severely, and may even promote plant establishment by the rooting.

Using leaching test is a way to get a picture of pollutants retention and leaching in a risk assessment on contaminated land. There are several different types of standardised leaching tests today, where the natural leaching processes are speeded up to make it possible to predict the leaching of pollutants. These leaching tests have been developed for waste and there are no specific guidelines on how to judge the results from the tests, when making a risk assessment on contaminated land. This work is an investigation on how to use leaching test in this type of risk assessments. The strengths and weaknesses of the different types of tests are discussed. Depending on what type of information you want from your leaching test, different types of tests are suitable.

Servitut som inte uppfyller något ändamål eller inte använts under väldigt lång tid kallas onyttiga servitut. Ett onyttigt servitut försvinner inte automatiskt från Fastighetsregistret utan kvarstår och skapar en onödig belastning. Syftet med examensarbetet är att utreda hur hanteringen av servitut kan förbättras för att minska antalet onyttiga servitut i Fastighetsregistret.De metoder som används är en litteraturstudie och en intervjustudie. I litteraturstudien undersöks svensk lagstiftning och juridisk litteratur. Utdrag ur Fastighetsregistret och förrättningsakt visas för att ge praktiska exempel.

The national spatial planning guidelines and the subsequent legal regulation in the Natural Resources Act and the Environmental Code has been a part of the Swedish planning system for almost 40 years. In the recent years, critics have claimed that the regulations are outdated and does not work the way it was intended. This paper examines closer why it is perceived that the regulations does not work, with a focus on how the national interests are managed in the municipal planning. Why is the national interests not applied in the municipal planning as intended? Is the error in the system or in the implementation of it? The aim of this essay is to study the gap between theory and practice by studying how the land management provisions in the Environmental Code is applied in five selected municipalities.

The river Bivaröd is one of the river Helgeån tributaries which has the highest and the fastest increase in water colour. The reason behind this increase is unclear but several factors have been suggested to affect this pattern. In this work, I studied the role of land use, iron and precipitation for water colour increase in river Bivaröd for the period 1976 -2011. Data from a field study along with data from SRK for river Helgeån were used for the analyses. The results showed that both water colour and iron concentration increase and that there is a strong correlation between these two variables.

Uppsats för avläggande av filosofie kandidatexamen iKulturvård, Landskapsvårdens hantverk, 15 hp, 2013.