Single vehicle accidents are one of the most common types of accidents that occur on the Swedish road network. Depending on the design of the road, the presence of a crash barrier and embankment on the roadside, the outcome of a roadside collision can lead to serious injuries and even deaths.The aim of this project is to investigate the possibility of improving road safety by designing the optimal roadside area based on the results of a life cycle cost analysis (LCC).The questions that have been answered during the duration of this project are:1) Describe the current technical solutions for roadside area design and the various barrier types used in Sweden.2) Complete an existing mathematical model that has been developed by Hawzheen Karim, for calculating life-cycle costs for various roadside areas.3) Calculate and compare the life cycle costs for the side area with a barrier and without a barrier.By performing an analysis of the documentation on the current guidelines and rules for shaping the roadside, was it possible to describe the current technical solutions for the formation the roadside as well as the current roadside barriers in use today. A mathematical model for calculating the life cycle costs of different barrier types had already been developed by Hawzheen Karim. This model was supplemented so that it could calculate life-cycle costs of the roadside region with and without a barrier. After the model was completed, an analysis was performed to obtain life-cycle costs of a roadside with and without a barrier.The result showed that there is a clear relationship between the slope inclination, fill height, and the rate at which the costs rise.

The first regulation concerning the protection of shores was introduced in 1950. The purpose of that regulation was to "secure the general publics condition of an outdoor life". The protection has been sharpened over the years and in 1975 a general protection of the shores was introduced, which meant that all land was protected within 100 meters from the shoreline. In 1994 a supplement was made with the purpose to "preserve good conditions for animal and plants on land and in water". The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) did an inquiry of the shore protection regulations commissioned by the Government in 2001. The inquiry pointed out that there were big lacks in the exemption decisions.

AbstractBuying real estate property is a complex process for the uninitiated. Apotential buyer has to keep track of laws and regulations affecting theproperty. The purchase of a property is for many also the largest deal made inlife and because of that it is especially important to make sure everything getsdone correctly.A real estate property purchase contains a number of different elements, suchas engineering data and inspection of the property and documentation to makesure that the signing of contracts and clauses are done according to the laws ofthat country. These purchase process steps are ordinary people not familiarwith, and therefore they hire the help of a real estate agent.Buying a property abroad complicates things because the countries have theirown laws and rules that make them different from the Swedish rules which theSwedish real estate buyers are accustomed to.Our thesis is about exploring if a Swedish buyer knows the buying process inforeign countries, or whether they rely on the broker they hired. The countrieswe have chosen to examine and compare against Sweden is Spain, Thailandand Turkey.Our questions will be answered by interviewing buyers about how they feelabout their buying process, if they encountered any problems before, duringor after their purchase, and if they are happy with their purchase after theevent.Our study shows that the buying processes in all four countries are generallyequal to each other.

Bakgrund: Sverige blir mer och mer ett ma?ngkulturellt land, da? ma?nga av va?rldens la?nder a?r centrum fo?r kulturell globalisering. Detta medfo?r att en sto?rre andel av personer i va?rt land som so?ker sig till ha?lso- och sjukva?rden har utla?ndsk ha?rkomst och da?rmed ett annat spra?k och kultur. Fo?r att kunna tillfredssta?lla dessa patienters grundla?ggande behov och leverera en individanpassad va?rd, beho?vs o?kad kompetens kring kulturella skillnader och likheter.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa va?rdpersonals erfarenheter av att va?rda patienter med annan kulturell bakgrund.Metod: I litteraturstudien har tio kvalitativa empiriska studier sammansta?llts och analyserats genom en inneha?llsanalys pa? manifest niva?.

Sverige befinner precis som många andra länder i en omstrukturering av sin försvarsmakt, där syftet är att reducerastorleken samt anpassa Försvarsmakten mot de nya uppgifter som den förändrade omvärlden kräver. En av deuppgifter som har fått ett större fokus är det ökade deltagandet i internationell verksamhet. Men hur ser relationen utmellan officerskåren och de villkor som FM ställer med anledning av den ökade internationaliseringen?Denna uppsats kommer genom dokumentstudier och enkät undersökning att ge svar på följande frågor.Min övergripande frågeställning är: Skiljer sig officerskårens syn på den egna professionen markant frånFörsvarsmaktens syn?Resultaten i arbetet visar att officerskårens syn i de flesta fall väl stämmer överens med den syn som Försvarsmaktenhar.Den första delfrågan som jag ställer i uppsatsen för att svara på den övergripande frågeställningen är:Finns det skillnader mellan de som har skrivit kontrakt som förbinder dem till utlandstjänstgöring, dvs. de undersöktaMHS eleverna, och officerarna från FHS ChP som ursprungligen utbildades mot invasionsförsvaret, och därmed intehar skrivit kontrakt som förbinder dem till utlandstjänstgöring?Svaret är att det föreligger flera olika signifikanta skillnader mellan de undersökta MHS eleverna och officerarna frånFHS ChP.Nästa delfråga som jag ställer lyder enligt följande:Påverkar det land som missionen genomförs i samt tiden för tjänstgöring viljan att tjänstgöra i internationell tjänst?Svaret på frågan är att det land som missionen genomförs i påverkar viljan till tjänstgöring, däremot är intetjänstgöringstidens längd något som påverkar viljan att tjänstgöra.Den sista del fråga som jag ställer lyder:Finns det skillnader i de undersökta populationerna som inte går att härleda till MHS respektive FHS tillhörighet?Inom de undersökta populationerna föreligger det flera olika signifikanta skillnader som inte går att härleda till MHSrespektive FHS populationen..

Snö transporteras till en snödeponi för att inte hindra framkomlighet eller skymma sikt för trafikanter i staden. Snödeponin kan vara placerade på land eller i vatten. När snön smälter vid en deponi frigörs föroreningarna och hamnar på marken som sediment eller rinner med smältvattnet till ett vattendrag eller infiltrerar i marken. Föroreningarna i snö kommer främst från avgaser och slitage av väg och däck från biltrafiken, föroreningarna som är i luften och salt och sand från halkbekämpning. Hur stora mängder det är beror på trafikintensitet och hur länge snö ligger på marken.

In forestry there are always needs of forest data to make good strategic decisions of different actions and economic winning. Usually this data gets from field-estimations made by forest workers with expensive costs and sometimes unsatisfied quality. StoraEnso Skog is a great forest company in Sweden and they have part of the responsibility of the forest own by Bergvik Skog. Bergvik Skog is owner of 1, 9 million hectares productive forest land. Both Bergvik and StoraEnso have great interest in new inventory techniques to get the important forest data. The company Foran Remote Sensing offers the opportunity with airborne laserscanning of forest and forest land. Foran got the mission of Bergvik and StoraEnso to laser scan Bergviks possession in Älvdalen, Dalarna.

Syftet med denna studie är att granska katastrofjournalistiken i Skandinavien, samt se hur eller om den skiljer sig från land till land. Undersökningen baseras på bombattentatet i Regeringskvarteren i Oslo 2011 samt massakern på Utøya samma dag, och skildrandet av katastrofen jämförs i tre olika skandinaviska tidningar, en från Norge, en från Sverige och en från Danmark. Huvudfrågeställningen är: Hur skildrades terrordåden i Norge i skandinavisk dagspress, under den första veckan efter att de inträffade?Utöver denna används också delfrågeställningarna: Vilka skillnader finns i rapporteringen avseende de tre undersökta skandinaviska tidningarna? Vilka får komma till tals? Hur gestaltas gärningsmannen Anders Behring Breivik? Dras det paralleller till tidigare terrordåd eller attacker? Teorin som använts i uppsatsen är nyhetsvärderingsteorin.Uppsatsen är en kvantitativ studie, och bygger på nyhetsbevakning av allt journalistisk material som publicerats i de tre tidningarna Aftenposten, Dagens Nyheter och Politiken den första veckan efter att attackerna i Norge inträffade, 23 juli ? 29 juli 2011. Materialet har bestått av totalt 237 texter varav 175 nyhetsartiklar, 30 ledare, 16 krönikor, elva reportage, tre debattartiklar och två analyser.Resultaten visar att norska tidningen Aftenposten hade den mest omfattande rapporteringen, med mer än dubbelt så många texter som de två övriga.

Throughout many years there have been discussions within the European Union (EU) regarding harmonization and improvement of accounting rules for companies with listed shares or other securities. The ambition exists to adopt, the within the union applied accounting standards, to those applied globally. These discussions lead the year 2002 to adoption by the council and parliament of international accounting standards (IFRS). The ordinance meant that all listed European companies have to adopt international accounting standards, accepted for application within the EU, for their consolidated accounts.During July 2003 the Swedish Government Official Reports issued a report (SOU 2003:71) stating, among other things, the differences and oppositions of implementing IFRS on a corporate level in Sweden, since corporate disclosure is regulated in Swedish law by Bokföringslagen (BFL) and Årsredovisningslagen (ÅRL). One of the main obstacles for the full implementation of IFRS is that a company?s annual report underlies the governmental taxation and an implementation of IFRS would affect this balance.

Det var med anledning av att valet i USA återigen vanns av George W Bush som min frågeställning formades. Vad är det som gör att den så kallade kristna högern mycket medvetet stödjer Bush i dennes strävan efter att styra världens mäktigaste land? Vad är det i den amerikanska kulturen som har medfört ytterligare en valseger för George W Bush? Det är också intressant i sammanhanget varför just Bush favoriseras av den kristna högern och inte hans kombattant John F Kerry som också säger sig vara religiös, dock katolik till skillnad mot Bush som är frikyrklig..

The study is based on a new approach on how Swedish healthcare is supposed to be controlled and organized. There is a renowned administration problem within Swedish healthcare, which seems to be an obstacle to exploit the resources to the fullest. The latest venture within the healthcare system is patient involvement, where the patients become co-producers of their own care, which aims to both improve and make healthcare more efficient. A few wards in Sweden have implemented this new approach whereupon the study intends to discuss the effectiveness and efficiency in some of these.The study is restricted to three wards, whereof two of these are inpatient wards and the other one is an outpatient ward, within the medical clinic in Jönköping County Council, which has implemented the patient involvement approach in their daily work. The methodology for this study is qualitative in its nature where a time study of personnel time allocation and supplementary interviews with managing nurses on the wards have been conducted.

I have studied the suburban municipality of Botkyrka, south of Stockholm, from a rural perspective. Through that I`ve compared how countryside comes into being with the planning and building of suburbs. I have looked for a definition of Countryside, and found that it is often explained or defined in negative terms, as what it is not. In that it says nothing about what it really is, or about the qualitiies it has to it. Botkyrka is a suburb, but it does in large parts consist of countryside. Apart from defining countryside and rural I´ve been searching for a definition of suburbia, of it´s structure and the mental picture we have of it as a cultural phenomena. In order to understand the role that suburbs have in planning I describe their history from Italian renaissance villas to sprawl. By opposing urban and rural, modern urban planning and how rural areas are created, I´ve come to a definition of rural planning and the making of countryside. To make countryside, planning and building should come from individual needs and desires. A relationship to the surroundings based on continous interaction between the human beeing and it´s environment, a constant process of shaping and reshaping. To put my thoughts to the ground I have collected examples of projects and ideas, that fits into my view of what rural planning and making countryside is all about. They are put in different categories according to the possibilities of influence and to what degree it is put into private hands. The first category is ?allemansrätten?, every mans right. That is the rigt to use private land as long as you don´t disturb or destroy.

Wind power is one of the sources of renewable energy which has to be developed further in order to lessen our dependence on non renewable sources of energy. It's mainly oil and coal which have to be replaced by green energy. Wind power is already established in many countries, for example Germany, The United States of America and Denmark but it has to be continually developed and expanded to meet the needs of the growing energy consumption in the world. During the last few years many types of small wind turbines have appeared on the market. These small wind turbines are an alternative to the big wind turbines or power generators which demand huge sums of investment money.A new target group can now buy the small wind turbines in order to cover their own usage of electricity.

Climate change has become an increasingly topical subject. Recently debate on how our food affects the environment has flared. It has been shown that how the food we eat is grown and transported could be one the bigger contributors to the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The aim of this study is to see how consumer?s choices of vegetables affect release of carbon dioxide. The results show that emissions of carbon dioxide can be lowered by consuming vegetables that have been grown on open land. Vegetables that have to be grown in heated greenhouses in Sweden should perhaps be exchanged for such that have been grown in unheated greenhouses in southern Europe, even though the transport distance is significant. .

The Middle Ages in contemporary time ? Salve City; a reconstruction in the Between Land is an essay dealing with the reconstruction of medieval Kalmar. The Salve City is a melting pot of such diverse fields as archaeology, pedagogies, reconstruction, historical tourism, regional development policy et cetera. Together, these parts form a space for research and mediation, business and pleasure, a place where commercialism and historical tourism can function alongside with history enthusiasts and entrepreneurs. Both pros and cons of the use of a reconstructed part of medieval Kalmar are debated..