According to the Water Framework Directive of the European Union, macrophytes should be used as indicators in the ecological and environmental monitoring of lakes. In the member state Sweden the Environmental Protection Agency has elaborated assessment criteria for determining lake status based on macrophytes. The main focus of this thesis is to evaluate the efficiency of the assessment criteria for macrophytes. In addition the concordance between the ecological status classes of the four quality factors included was analysed.The assessment criteria for macrophytes are based on the total phosphorus preference of the respective species. The focus is thus mainly on the nutrient level of the investigated lakes and the environmental problem monitored is eutrophication.

I Sverige finns det överlag ett stort intresse och god kunskap om miljöeffekter, men samtidigt saknas ofta insikt om energianvÀndningens inverkan pÄ miljön. MÄnga ifrÄgasÀtter inte tillgÄngen pÄ energi och tar dÀrför inte hÀnsyn till kopplingen mellan energianvÀndning och miljöfrÄgor, trots att energieffektivisering Àr ett av de viktigaste sÀtten att förbÀttra miljön. Förvaltning utgör en stor del av en byggnads totala livscykelenergikostnad (LCCe). Norrbottens lÀns landsting Àr en stor fastighetsÀgare i Norrbotten med en total lokalyta pÄ cirka 700 000 kvadratmeter, varför effektiv förvaltning Àr betydelsefull betrÀffande sÄ vÀl ekonomi som miljö. Syftet med detta examensarbete Àr att kartlÀgga energianvÀndningen vid sjukhusen i Norrbottens lÀn samt att identifiera möjligheter till effektivisering i energianvÀndningen.

Anledning till studiens initiativtagande Ă€r att det inom omrĂ„det inköp av prefabricerade betongstommar saknas riktlinjer för hur alternativa entreprenadformer skall behandlas. I ett byggprojekt stĂ„r stommen för cirka 15-25 % av totalkostnaden för ett byggprojekt. År 2008 köpte Skanska in prefabricerade betongstommar för en summa av 815 miljoner kronor. I 50 projekt uppgick stomkostnaderna över 10 miljoner kronor och stod för 71 % av totalkostnaden för det Ă„rets stominköp. Om entreprenadformen kan pĂ„verka resultatet sĂ„ Ă€r det stora kostnader som kan minskas.

This study's main objective was to identify adolescents participation in alternative sport activities and which kind of physical activity that was preferred by adolescents who didn't had any earlier experience of sport clubs. The study combined interviews and surveys with the purpose to get both adolescents and sport leaders perspective. A total of five interviews were performed and fifty-four surveys was collected. The results showed that adolescents already physical active were those who participated in alternative sport activities. Who participate in alternative sport activities can depend on habitus, comprehended capital forms and in which social field the sport activities exists..

As the title reveals this is a study of female college students alcohol habits in Kalmar,Sweden. During the spring of 2012 a total of 118 female students at Linnaeus universityanswered a survey about their alcohol habits. The survey reveled that as many as 67%percent of the answering female students (according to Audit) have risky drinking habits.The drinking habits are explained using Albert Banduras social learning theory in contextto the Scandinavian drinking pattern. The study concludes that female alcohol habits needeven further research. Furthermore the study shows that student initiation have an impacton the female drinking habits and that expectations of that students drink are to some extentimportant to the development of hazardous drinking habits..

Syfte: Studiens syfte ?r att unders?ka vilka bakomliggande faktorer som p?verkar ?terg?ngen eller avslutet till idrott efter en l?ngtidsskada hos kvinnliga innebandyspelare i ?ldern 16?19 ?r. Metod: Studien ?r baserad p? en kvalitativ metod som grundar sig i sex semistrukturerade intervjuer. Deltagarna har tagits fram genom sn?bollsurval, bekv?mlighetsurval samt avsiktligt urval. Intervjuerna av de sex kvinnliga innebandyspelarna som haft en l?ngtidsskada transkriberades och genomgick b?de en tematisk analys samt en kvalitativ inneh?llsanalys.

Two different methods for measuring biogas production were used, gas meter and gasbags. The gas meters were electronic and counted each time a certain gasvolume passed through them. The gasbags collected the gas that hade passed through the gas meter until a manual measuring could be done. The two different methods gave the same result for a volume at three liters but for a volume around 0,2 liters they did not. Accuracy and precision for the gasbags was more exact than for the gas meters even if the method was difficult with a lot of different elements that could affect the result.

AbstractThe aim: The aim of the study was to describe what women are most satisfied with in maternity care and if womenÂŽs childbirth experiences can be described by means of the QPP-I, who contains 32 statements related to maternity care. Design: The study is part of a national cross-sectional study which lasted for two weeks in Sweden in 2007. This paper analyzes one of the two questions with open answers, which reads: "What was the best with maternity care??. Results: The results showed that out of a total of 735 responses 717 could be placed in the existing instrument QPP-I.

Vilka var de viktigaste faktorerna till att fyra individer lyckades bryta med sin kriminella bakgrund? Samtliga informanter studien bygger pa? a?r medlemmar i en organisation som hja?lper individer med en bakgrund kantad av kriminalitet och droger tillbaka ut i det konventionella samha?llet. Informanterna valdes ut genom en kombination av sno?bollsurval och bekva?mlighetsurval. Studien baseras pa? narrativa djupintervjuer samt deltagande observationer.

Burkina Faso as well as most sub-Saharan African countries struggle with providing food for a fast growing population. The dominating farming system is agroforestry parklands. Agroforestry parklands can broadly be defined as areas where scattered trees occur on farmlands as a result of selective clearing. The presence of trees in crop fields may in the long term have a positive effect on the production of annual crops. It is commonly discussed, but not proven, that the presence of trees leads to increased groundwater recharge due to higher infiltration capacity of the soil.

The study of the French market for softwood has been done in collaboration with VIDA AB. The aim of the study was to investigate important product quality and service quality dimensions, the customers? perception of the offering and generally describe the French market and present actors. The market for softwood around the world changes over time and new markets can mean opportunities for the sawmilling industry. The French market is the second biggest European market for softwood, has had presence of actors with sourcing of raw material from the Nordic countries for decades and there is a growing interest for building with wood. Theory being used is about the different dimensions that make up the total quality of softwood, together with intangible dimensions making up the total offering that helps the sawmilling industry to create positive perceived value for the customers. Methodological approach in the study was a case study research design, aimed at providing knowledge about one specific subject in one context. The general description was mostly carried out by literature studies and data from various statistics sources.

Findus Sverige AB, referred to asFindus from now on, harvests peas during a period ofaround 50 days during the summer. The harvest generates about 30 000 tonnes of peas which gives around 40 000 pallets to distribute to the warehouses which Findus uses for final storage. Three hours after the peas are picked in the fields, they have to be frozen to keep their good taste and quality. Because of this the pallets are marked with a preliminary label with quality classification of the content. The Findus quality department then has one day to determine the correct quality of each pallet.

The study aims to contribute knowledge about children's perceptions of the leisure-time as a learning environment. The study can be seen as an attempt to highlight the possible learning in the leisure-time, formally or informally.The study is based on two group interviews with a total of 11 children and was conducted by an interview guide with question areas to be discussed freely so that the children could give as full an answer as possible.Main results of the study show that children feel that they are staying at the leisure-time to get care when their parents are working and that they primarily associate the leisure-time with playing. The results show however that children feel that they learn things when participating in the leisure-time teaches controlled activities.It is possible to draw conclusions about the child actually experienced the leisure-time as a learning environment, but it can be difficult to identify when and how learning actually occurs. However, children do not perceive that there is learning while they play..

Churches are seen as one of Sweden's most valuable cultural heritage. They bear witness to a living tradition and gives us knowledge of society at large and therefore people's lives at different times. These buildings possesses a high value, which is shared by the vast majority, and they are protected by law. The concept of modern churches is in this essay the churches built after 1940, which is not covered by law. The older churches has therefore a cultural and historical value which the modern churches lack.About 600 churches are built after the year of 1940 and the total number of churches in the country is 3400.

Socialt stöd bidrar till mindre risk för yrkesrelaterad utbrÀndhet. Var tredje lÀrare uppvisar inom sina första arbetsÄr symptom pÄ utbrÀndhet. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka samband mellan socialt stöd och utbrÀndhet hos grundskolelÀrare. Totalt deltog 71 respondenter i Stockholm via enkÀter. Socialt stöd mÀttes via Berlin Social Support Scale och utbrÀndhet mÀttes med Shirom Melamed Burnout Measure.