AbstractBackground: Inflammatory bowel disease involves major changes where psychological and physical stress becomes a part of ones daily life. The ability to adapt and cope well with the situation, increases the chances of feeling satisfied with life. There are various management strategies that people with IBD use to cope with their daily life.Aim: The aim of this study is to describe strategies that people with inflammatory bowel disease use to manage their daily lives. A further purpose is to describe the study group in the included articles.Method: A descriptive literature review. This study is based on 12 scientific articles, searched in the databases Cinahl and Pubmed.

This is a study about employment officers at the Swedish public employment service. The aim of this study was to examine how they understand and use their discretion in their daily work. We used a qualitative method and the data was gathered by semi-structured interviews with eight employment officers working at the same office in a small town in Sweden. Lipskys theory about street-level bureaucracy and Lazarus description of coping theory are applied to analyze the empirical data. The work for the Swedish employment officers have changed over the last years with an increasing focus on control and administration.

AimThe purpose of the survey was to see how students relate to feedback in physical education. The aim was also to find out how students like to receive feedback (written, oral or timing). The survey will also specify what kind of feedback the teacher provides.QuestionsHow do students react to feedback?How do students want to receive feedback?What kind of feedback do the students receive during the lessons in physical education?MethodThe method used in this study was qualitative group interviews with an observation before the interviews. The school that participated was my placement school during my teachers program and it is located in a suburb south of Stockholm.

SammanfattningSyftet med studien var att uifrån patienter, närstående och personal belysa de etiska dilemman och svårigheter som kan uppstå vid vård av patienter som får livsuppehållande åtgärder. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie. Litteraturstudien visade att etiska dilemman kunde uppstå vid beslut om att avstå, påbörja eller avsluta livsuppehållande behandling. I de granskade artiklarna framkom att det kunde vara stor skillnad på allmänhetens och sjukvårdens förväntningar på vården. Beslut som togs vid vård i livets slutskede var komplexa både ur ett medicinskt och känslomässigt perspektiv.

The purpose of this study was to find out why the law that regulates downloading copyrighted material does not work and which of the most important main reasons lies behind downloading behaviour. The phenomenon being well investigated earlier has actualized a new demand for normative investigation in connection with the hot debated IPRED-law.Using qualitative method comprising of interviews with three typical file sharers and anchored in Max Webers action typology, rational choice theory and the norm model followed by two assessment models, we found that four important reasons lies behind downloading behaviour: 1) economical reasons was the most central and frequent determinant followed by 2) accessibility and comfort, and 3) social acceptance and moral and also 4) habits. Although the content of the law was correctly provided by the interviewees, it was clear that they did not perceive the impact of the law as meaningful or threatening.The results, being compatible with previous research, are discussed in terms of the named theories and assessment models. We suggest further research to take into account peoples norms as the new IPRED-law soon will be functional as well as studies from a perspective of the legal rights of the individual..

This study aimed to investigate whether lambs show anticipatory behaviours in a holding pen prior to entering a known arena, whether the holding pen experience prior to the arena exposure affects their play expression in the arena and whether their behaviour (in home pen) is affected if arena access is denied. Twenty pair-housed male lambs (average 14 weeks old), were exposed, in chronological order, to five treatments. Holding pen treat-ment (HP-control): Each pair was led into a holding pen (2.7 m2) and remained there for 5 minutes before returning to their home pen (6 m2). Holding pen ? arena treatment (HP-A): Each pair was led into a holding pen for 5 min and then was allowed access into the arena (22 m2, containing two hanging chains, one ball and one platform) for 15 min before re-turning to their home pen.

Syftet med studien var att jämföra skattad hanteringsförmåga och hälsorelateradlivskvalitet hos närstående till personer med kronisk hjärtsvikt och stroke. Ett annat syfte var också att studera om samband fanns mellan hanteringsförmågaoch hälsorelaterad livskvalitet.  Metod: En komparativ och korrelativdesign med kvantitativ ansats användes. För att mäta hanteringsförmåga ochhälsorelaterad livskvalitet användes Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS) och Shortform- 36 (SF- 36). Urvalsgruppen för studien var närstående till patienter med kronisk hjärtsvikt och stroke (n = 46).

Syfte - Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av klimakteriet samt granska litteraturens kvalitet avseende urval och bortfall.Metod - Litteraturstudie med beskrivande design. Artikelsökningen skedde i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed samt manuell sökning vilket resulterade i 11 vetenskapliga artiklar. Upplevelser av klimakteriet sammanställdes och granskning av artiklarnas urvalsmetod och presentation av bortfall har skett.Huvudresultat - Upplevelserna av klimakteriet varierar från individ till individ. Kvinnors symtom i samband med klimakteriet varierade både i intensitet och i förekomst, likaså hanterade kvinnorna klimakteriet på olika vis. Vissa kvinnor ansåg att klimakteriet påverkade det vardagliga livet, medan andra kvinnor upplevde att klimakteriefasen var en lättsam att passage.Slutsats - Klimakteriet är en naturlig process som infaller samtidigt som andra stora förändringar i livet, därför var det inte sällsynt att kvinnorna upplevde någon form av identitetskris.

A majority of Swedish consumers have a positive attitude towards organic production and the number of organic products on the market is increasing. Despite these positive trends, there are still relatively few consumers who choose to buy organic produced products. According to statistics, only 3% of the total sales of food consist of organic products. The aim with this essay is to understand what is needed, both from the grocery store and the consumer's point of view, to increase the consumption of organic food. Information has been collected partly through questionnaire with consumers and partly through analysis of sales statistics for a selected numbers of products. Then the empirical material have been analysed in the light of a combination of the Behavioural Perspective Model (Foxell, 1997) and Kotler's Four P:s (Kotler, 2002). Consumer's willingness to buy organic products is influenced by a number of different factors. One important thing is if the grocery store offers a behaviour setting that stimulates the consumers positive attitude and facilitates their possibilities to collect new information. Furthermore, the store needs to offer a broad and well-visualised selection of organic products.

Extensively kept animals for meat production have the right to live in a good environment. Cattle (Bos Taurus) as social animals live in small herds in the wild. When holding animals extensively new problems have arisen regarding human ? animal interactions. One welfare problem is to be able to come close enough to the animals to investigate their health condition.

Healthy calves are the foundation in order to run a profitable diary production. Being healthy as calf results in a better start in life and good growth is expected to follow. Within dairy production it becomes more common to rear calves in groups and feed them by an automatic milk feeder. The milk feeder enables for the calves in greater extent to ingest milk or milk replacer several times per day and they are also able to perform natural behaviors in greater extent. Group rearing of calves puts higher demands on the animal keepers to localize individual calves in the group pen, showing signs of illness.

Den psykiska ohälsan ökar mest i storstadsområdena, men ökar i alla regioner och i samtliga sociala grupper. Andelen stressrelaterade sjukskrivningar ökar, främst bland unga människor och kvinnor. Utmattningssyndrom tycks mest förekomma i s k välfärdsyrken; service, vård, skola och myndighetsutövande. Vid sekelskiftet 1900 uppvisades likartade symtom med fysisk och mental trötthet. Syftet var att beskriva hur personer med utmattningssyndrom upplever sin livssituation och effekterna av akupressurbehandling.

The use of temporary workers gives companies the opportunity to be flexible, by avoiding hiring and dismissing workers because of economic conditions and trends in demand. The management control in use at the company has the purpose of influencing employees? behaviour to act in the company?s best interest and towards its goals. The management control should also influence the behaviour of the temporary worker. The companies have to create motivation and commitment among the temporary workers although they are employed by a staffing agency.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om det fanns olika personlighetstyper hos mjölkkor av raserna SRB och SLB och om dessa personlighetstyper skilde sig mellan ras, ålder och vilken sida djuren stått på i lösdriften. Korna observerades i tre olika testmiljöer för att se huruvida konsistenta de var i deras beteenden: ostörda i lösdriften, vid mjölkning och med ett främmande objekt i lösdriften. Beteenden som studerades var normala beteenden, sociala beteenden, tramp och sparkningar vid mjölkning och interaktioner med det främmande objektet. Tolv beteendevariabler användes i en PCA (principal component analysis) och visade två komponenter som tillsammans kunde förklara 51,2 % av den totala variansen. Den första komponenten speglade aggression och extraversion, som ingår i medgörlighet och extraversion i den mänskliga femfaktorsmodellen.

Minst 500 000 av Sveriges befolkning har kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) och ungefär 250 000 har hjärtsvikt. De två patientgrupperna hade många likartade symtom och en sjuksköterskeledd gemensam primärvårdsmottagning för dessa patienter kunde innebära många vinster. Ett av distriktssköterskans kompetensområde var att ha stödjande samtal om hur den enskilde patienten hanterade sin sjukdom. Syftet med uppsatsen var att jämföra copingförmåga och copingstrategier mellan patienter med KOL och patienter med hjärtsvikt, samt att undersöka eventuella skillnader av grad av ångest, depression, påverkan på funktion av fatigue och andfåddhet utifrån copingförmåga och användande av olika copingstrategier.  Metoden var en beskrivande och jämförande tvärsnittsstudie. Patienter med KOL respektive hjärtsvikt från primärvården i tre landsting ingick i studien och de fick svara på en hemskickad enkät.