The main objective of this study is to divide a number of colorectal cancer cases into subgroups based on their molecular features using cluster analysis. The data used is supplied by a research group at Pathology, the Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, and consists, after some preparation, of 455 observations which is a larger data set than many similar studies. The molecular variables that the clustering is based on are CIMP (CpG Island Methylator Phenotype), MSI (Micro Satellite Instability), BRAF- and KRAS-mutations. These are categorical variables and consequently the clustering method used is PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) which is particularly useful with data on diverse variable level. The final analysis results in four subgroups that are represented by different combinations of attributes on the aforementioned variables.

Coastal areas are popular for housing, both for permanent living and holiday houses. At the same time, thin sediments and small storage capacity in the bedrock makes the ground water resources limited. The limited ground water resources combined with too large withdrawals of ground water makes salt water intrusion a problem in many coastal areas. This study examine the risk of salt water intrusion in drinking water supplying wells on the island Södra Finnö in S:t Anna archipelago, Östergötland, Sweden. A calculation of the relation between ground water recharge and withdrawal is obtained to analyze the ground water balance in the area.

AbstractThe Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) is a small insectivorous passerine bird living in open landscapes. Both parents feed the brood of approximately five chicks, but little is known about how each sex allocates their feeding effort. In this study I investigate feeding nest visit differences between male and female Northern Wheatears relative to the age of the chicks, the number of chicks and the quality of the territory for 17 pairs from 2008-2010. Data were collected using automated data loggers to record nest visitation rates during chick feeding, and the sex was determined from nest video cameras. I also examine if the parents? rate of feeding visits changes over the nestling period.

Water connects heaven and earth. Water is the most obvious element of nature. To move in water is for me more than cooling of on a hot summer?s day. It is about freedom and the feeling of being above the state of things.

The main objective of this study is to divide a number of colorectal cancer cases into subgroups based on their molecular features using cluster analysis. The data used is supplied by a research group at Pathology, the Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, and consists, after some preparation, of 455 observations which is a larger data set than many similar studies. The molecular variables that the clustering is based on are CIMP (CpG Island Methylator Phenotype), MSI (Micro Satellite Instability), BRAF- and KRAS-mutations. These are categorical variables and consequently the clustering method used is PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) which is particularly useful with data on diverse variable level. The final analysis results in four subgroups that are represented by different combinations of attributes on the aforementioned variables.

This essays overarching aim is to contribute to the theoretical discussion of transformation processes that are shaping the urban landscapes and further to problematize contemporary planning discourses in Sweden. Drawing on the concept of Foucault?s heterotopia and actor-network theory for spatial analysis, the paper seeks to analyze the complex urban landscape transformation process as an emergent property of human and non-human actor-networks seeking to transform and order space. With the district of Rosenlund in Gothenburg as a starting point, this thesis intends to examine how the cultural infrastructure - used by the residents and visitors of the city - are related to the city's planning and development processes. The case study is based on a boat (Rio Rio) in Rosenlund canal that is defined as a cultural infrastructure.

On July 22nd 2011, there was a terrorist attack in Norway. First a bomb exploded in the Parliament House, in Oslo; and shortly after that a man shot 69 politically active young people at a camp on the island Utöya. Throughout the weeks to follow, we could read about the victims' stories. They told of tears, fear and heroism. But who got to tell what? The purpose of this study was to see how the Swedish tabloids described the victims from a gender perspective.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att få en ökad förståelse för små destinationers destinationsmarknadsföring. Frågeställning: Hur kan en liten destination använda sig av samarbete och branding för att marknadsföra sig vid olika tidsskeden? Metod: Vi har valt en kvalitativ metod för den empiriska undersökningen. Det empiriska materialet har inhämtats från tre intervjuer. Vid intervjuerna har vi använt oss av en semi-strukturerad intervjuguide.

The ferry traffic to Gotland is essential for the island?s ability to live and develop. Yearly, it transports 1,6 million passengers, 500 000 personal vehicles and 750 000 lane meters of freight with four Ro-Pax ferries. The traffic is controlled and subsidized by the Swedish government since 1971 in order to guarantee the inhabitants and industry of Gotland a satisfactory transportation service. As a consequence of the past decades increased traffic quality, mainly due to a decrease in crossing times, the traffic?s environmental impact and costs has also increased.The Master Thesis proposes a new energy efficient traffic arrangement that satisfies the users? preferences in the same extent as today.

Orust Kretsloppsakademi is a nonprofit organisation, with a goal of annually generate the same amount of electrical energy that is consumed. Orust is an island on the west coast of Sweden, north of Gothenburg. The population of 15 000 reaches 40 000 during summer, due to the large amount of vacationer. The total electricity demand is 174 GWh a year with a maximum power need of 32 MW. This report presents an analysis for the plausibility of their plan and from a power system stability perspective, the effects on the electrical grid.The conclusion is that the restraints for development of power generation from wind, solar and wave generation, are the power systems capability to transfer power, primarily in the transformers of the grid.

In the Swedish author, poet and critic Hanna Nordenhöks (1977-) novels Promenaderna iDalbyhage (2011) and Det vita huset i Simpang (2013) the literary characters are often portrayed asdiffuse shapes with a subtile closeness to other organic bodies, places and times. While the novelsaddress themes such as colonialism and subjects becoming, they also explore the act of narratingthrough letters, journals, photographs and, in particular, fabrication. What emerge are two aesthetic,literary works that, on different levels, trouble our notion of borders between human and more-thanhumanbodies, an issue that?s essential for our understanding of human - environmentalrelationship.The purpose of this thesis is to show how the prose of Nordenhök can be read in the light of theterm porosity, where matter is understood as elastic and open for both creating and de-creatinginteractions. I will argue that the novels contribute to a deepened understanding of the relationshipbetween human subjects and more-than-human matter as elastic, and that they incorporate thisdynamic porosity within the narration itself.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka samspelet mellan karaktärer och varumärken i framtidsfilmerna: 2001: A Space Odyssey, Back to the Future Part 2, The Fifth Element, I, Robot och The Island. I förgrunden för vårt arbete finns ett samhälle där individen ställs inför ett ökat utbud av varumärken, samtidigt som företagens utmärkande unika identitet blir allt viktigare för att fånga konsumenternas intresse. Denna identitet, som företag bygger upp exempelvis genom produktplacering i film, utgörs framförallt av framträdande karaktärer som agerar och tillsammans med filmen ger produkten liv.Studien har genomförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, där det empiriska materialet har införskaffats genom ett strukturerat protokoll som behandlar våra valda filmers produktplaceringsförekomster. Detta protokoll, bestående av de centrala benämningarna aktiv- och passivprodukt, har drivit oss vidare till ett resultat för vår studie.Resultatet har i analysen utkristalliserat och tydliggjort påträffandet av fem karaktäristiska mönster som beskriver varumärkenas roll och funktion i våra fem valda filmer. Samtliga mönster har underbyggts av vår använda teori om kulturellt meningsförmedlande av Grant McCracken och har påvisat att det sker ett meningsutbyte mellan film, karaktär och varumärke..

Ett barn som blir utsatt för övergrepp står inför flera utmaningar. För det första är det vanligt att barnet inte berättar för någon om det som hänt och på så sätt försvåras barnets bearbetning av övergreppet. För det andra har en rättsprocess ofta en mer eller mindre retraumatiserande verkan på barnet. När flera olika myndigheter, med inbördes skilda ansvarsområden och prioriteringar kopplas in på ett och samma fall är det inte ovanligt att barnet kommer i kläm. Barn har inte samma rättssäkerhet som vuxna då de står i mentalt underläge i alla situationer.

Rapporten beskriver två komplementära studier (Isozymstudie för två enzymsystem, pgm och gpi, samt en studie av grobarhet) av Fjällkvanne, Angelica archangelica ssp. archangelica, med frön insamlade på Färöarna under september 2000. Insamlingen utfördes från 19 populationer och från 2<N<27 individer. Isozymstudien, N=55, 15 pop., visade på två alleler för båda enzymsystemen. De båda enzymsystemen föreföll även vara kopplade då frekvenserna för pgm-2 och gpi-1 tydligt följdes åt.

Following paper deals with the questions about prehistorian and medieval settlements in the Mälar Valley and their relations to the historically known hamlets or single farmsteads from the 17th- and 18th-century cadastral maps. Models over settlement development through the period A.D 200 to 1700 done by geographers Ulf Sporrong and Dan Carlsson are tested and compared to the knowledge won by recent archaeological excavations. Is there a connection between the older settlements linked together by dry-stone walls and the late Iron Age settlements? Does the picture differ from the one presented for the Gotland region? How well are the general theories about different settlement development depending on basic natural conditions as for the potentials for cultivation and topography, corresponding to the physical remains?  Are there other factors involved when the settlement structure takes its form?The methods that are used here constitutes mainly of a comparison between different locations in the Mälar Valley that has got a well known prehistory thanks to extensive archaeological excavations. Cadastral maps, soilmaps, topography maps and maps over ancient monuments are intertwined to the same map and analyzed through works in Geographical information systems.The results of this study reveal an interesting suspicion in the continuity-question through the Iron Age.