Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) är en funktionell mag-tarmsjukdom som är mycket vanlig i västvärlden. Orsaken till sjukdomen är inte klarlagd, men man tror att flera faktorer spelar en roll. Sjukdomen karakteriseras av en rubbning i avföringsmönstret tillsammans med smärta och/eller en obehagskänsla från buken, men symtomen varierar ofta från person till person. Behandling av IBS går ut på att minska de mest besvärande symtomen, men i många fall är behandlingen inte tillräckligt effektiv.Syftet med detta arbete var att utvärdera effektiviteten av två läkemedel som används för behandling av IBS med förstoppning, linaklotid (Constella®) och lubiproston (Amitiza®), genom att främst titta på hur patienternas buksmärta, obehagskänsla och uppblåsthet påverkas. Sökningar efter relevanta kliniska prövningar där läkemedlen jämfördes med placebo gjordes i databasen PubMed; tre studier om linaklotid och två studier om lubiproston hittades.Studierna visade att samtliga förbättringar i buksmärta, obehagskänsla och uppblåsthet var statistiskt signifikanta.

In January 2004 two members of the Pentecostal community Knutby Filadelfia in Uppsalamunicipality, Sweden, were shot by their fellow member Sara Svensson. With a qualitative hermeneutic case study as the principal method this essay takes on the task of not only investigating if and how Stockholm Syndrome can be used as a model for interpreting and understanding the violent incident in Knutby Filadelfia, but also to see if the unique characteristic of the Knutby incident can tell us something about Stockholm Syndrome as a model for understanding violence in religious movements. The material shows Stockholm Syndrome as having been present in Knutby because of among other things, a mileu, leadership and theology that supported the normalization of abuse and the enabling and maintaining of self punishment in the community. While Stockholm Syndrome still is a controversial theory this study shows that it can be used as a powerful tool in the understanding of violence in religious contexts..

This study is about people with Asperger syndrome and their difficulties in all kinds of communication in society. Through the language we code objects and events to remember and observe the environment. The aim is to compare research with the actual experiences of people with Asperger syndrome, in relation to their difficulties in society / communication. Three questions have been given extra attention. The first is what similarities and differences there are between people with Asperger syndrome.

The purpose with my examination is to make a contribution to how, as a pedagogue, you can work to make it easier for pupils with Aspergers syndrome that are integrated in an ?average? class. I will concentrate my work to these questions: how pedagogues can work to make it easier for pupils with Asperger syndrome that are integrated in an ?average? class. If it affects the other pupils in the class when pupils with Asperger syndrome is integrated in the class and also if it affects the pedagogues work having these children integrated in their ?average? class.I have decided to study research and other literature and also to do two interviews to find out how pedagogues can make it easier for children with the diagnosis Asperger syndrome.

The purpose of this study is to examine how two educators at a preschool that is located in a neighborhood south of Stockholm works with TAKK with children who has Down syndrome in a language promotion purposes. The aim is also to investigate what teachers think about using TAKK with children without special needs and children with Down syndrome.In this study, I used qualitative research methods. I've used both observations and interviews to get answers to my questions. The theories which I have used in this thesis is, socio-cultural perspective, including integration and segregated integration.In order to find out how the educators work with TAKK I have asked these questions:How do the educators work with TAKK with children with Down syndrome from a language development perspective?What do the educators express about using TAKK with children without special needs and with children who has Down syndrome?My conclusions to these questions are that the literatures I have read in many ways are consistent with how they work.

Speech disorders are common in children with 22q11-deletion syndrome, but there is limited knowledge about speech in adults with this syndrome. The aim of this study is to describe speech and voice in adultswith 22q11-deletion syndrome, and compare the results with a control group.Ten adults between 19-49 years participated in each group. The study wasbased on the Swedish dysarthria assessment, Dysartribedömningen. Thetested abilities were respiration, phonation, oral motor function, velopharyngeal function, articulation, prosody and intelligibility. Communicative participation was examined as well.

Syfte och frågeställningar:Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur det är att leva med IBS. Om och i så fall hur livskvaliteten påverkas hos unga kvinnor ur ett hälsoperspektiv samt att utforska inställningen till fysisk aktivitet efter att de diagnostiserats med IBS. För att besvara syftet formulerades följande frågeställningar:Påverkas livskvaliteten, hos kvinnor i 20-30 årsåldern diagnostiserade med IBS och i så fallpå vilket sätt ur ett hälsoperspektiv?Vilken är de IBS-diagnostiserade kvinnornas inställning till fysisk aktivitet?Metod:För denna studie valdes en kvalitativ metod genom intervjuer. Fem unga kvinnor med en medelålder på 25 år och diagnostiserade med IBS i snitt i 2,7 år har under intervju besvarat frågor om hur IBS påverkar deras livskvalitet samt deras inställning till fysisk aktivitet.

Speech anomalies have been described as characteristic symptoms forthe 22q11 deletion syndrome. However, research on speech and voice in adultswith the syndrome is still scarce. Previous research has indicated that speech andvoice anomalies seen in children with the syndrome might have neurologicalcauses. The aim of this study is to investigate speech and voice in a group ofadults diagnosed with the 22q11 deletion syndrome, with extra focus onanomalies with possible neurological cause. The researched group consisted of24 adults between the ages 19 to 38 with a verified 22q11-deletion, 16 womenand 8 men.

AbstractBackground: Inflammatory bowel disease involves major changes where psychological and physical stress becomes a part of ones daily life. The ability to adapt and cope well with the situation, increases the chances of feeling satisfied with life. There are various management strategies that people with IBD use to cope with their daily life.Aim: The aim of this study is to describe strategies that people with inflammatory bowel disease use to manage their daily lives. A further purpose is to describe the study group in the included articles.Method: A descriptive literature review. This study is based on 12 scientific articles, searched in the databases Cinahl and Pubmed.

This study is based on a qualitative internet research about people with Asperger syndrome and their thoughts and opinions about the difficulties that occurs in the environment outside the home and their experiences of Internet. We have analyzed Internets social influences for those with Asperger syndrome, as a consequence of the difficulties that they meet in other environments. The constructed communities in the environment outside the home and the social interaction that occurs there is not adjusted for those with the diagnosis. This leads to difficulties to be there for those with Asperger syndrome. By doing a content analysis of the assembled data from a community site on the Internet, we found out that the environment on Internet is more comfortable for those with the diagnosis in several ways.

The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge and the experience that school counsellors have about tics and Tourette syndrome. This study is based on a qualitative research which we conducted with semi-structured interviews. We have done five interviews with different school counsellors in a small municipality in southern Sweden. The theoretical approach that was used in this study was theory of knowledge as a comprehensive theory and professional competence which includes formal knowledge and tacit knowledge. Some of the study?s conclusions are that the School Counsellors had different professional competence about tics and Tourette syndrome.

Hos patient med inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) har nutrition en central betydelse. Nutrition ska betraktas som en medicinsk behandling samtidigt som nutrition är ett av sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsansvar. Syftet var att belysa nutritionsbehovet hos patient med inflammatory bowel diseases. Resultatet baseras på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visar att patient med IBD lider av malnutrition eller ligger i riskzon för att bli malnutrierad.

Yersinia spp. och Salmonella spp. är båda bakterier som orsakar allvarlig gastroenterit hos människa. Det är dessutom vanligt att symptomen kvarstår under lång tid och patienten får ofta sekundära problem efter genomgången sjukdom i form av Reaktiv artrit (ReA) och Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Särskilt stor risk att drabbas löper små barn. Då båda släktena är zoonotiska med ett brett värdspektrum som innefattar alla däggdjur och vissa andra djurgrupper har många forskare intresserat sig för hur utbredda dessa agens är bland djur som på ett eller annat sätt har kontakt med människor.

Every year 120 children with Downs Syndrome is born in Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate if there were any differences between mothers and fathers of children with Downs Syndrome regarding: experience of support from health care personnel and physicians in the time of delivery and from who parents sought most emotional support.Participants of the study was 80 mothers and 79 fathers that answered a questionnaire. There was a difference between parents if they thought they received support from health care personnel, mothers (59 %) and fathers (38 %) thought that they didn?t receive support. Emotional support sought mothers (52 %), in grater wideness then the fathers (23 %), with other families with handicapped children.

What compelled me to write this essay was the ongoing debate about DAMP/ADHD between mainly Eva Kärfve and Christopher Gillberg. The purpose of the essay was to ascertain whether there was a similar debate about Asperger Syndrome. My focus was on the causes of the syndrome, how Asperger Syndrome relates to high-functioning autism, how the causes of the syndrome are portrayed by the practitioners to those who have been diagnosed with it and their next of kin, how they view the prognosis of individuals with Asperger Syndrome and their thoughts about the method of diagnosis. To gather the material I have used semi-structured interview guides and qualitative interviews. Five interviews were carried out with six practitioners.