AbstractA continuous improvement of products and production is an important goal for a modern industrial company. A small engineering group located in Sweden came in touch with the authors of this report during the spring semester of 2014. The aim of this report is, as part of the group´s ambition of improvement, to analyse ways in which the quality of component casted parts can be verified. Non-destructive testing (NDT), and methods to use it for quality control, is the main focus of this report. However, fields such as material standards, component casting and quality engineering are analysed as well.

It is a well known archaeological concern that the remains of human bones left from the bronze age and early iron age Scandinavia are not nearly enough to represent the estimated population of the time. Furthermore the bones of each find rarely represent a whole individual. The majority of the bones must have been disposed of somewhere else, possibly scattered in running waters or in the fields, where they have evaporated or are securely hidden from archaeological excavations.This thesis deals with the grave concept and the problem in using a word that is so very clouded by its modern, western meaning. It also offers an alternative explanation to why the bones are handled the way they are and why they are found in such awkward contexts..

I två översiktsartiklar har ledande europeiska och amerikanska forskare slagit fast att partiklar i emissioner från vedeldning och utsläpp vid småskalig biobränsleeldning generellt sett måste anses som skadligt för hälsan vid exponering, även i de låga halter som normalt förekommer i utomhusluften. Vad som dock saknas är kunskap kring hur denna "farlighet" förändras, och kan påverkas, då modern teknik används samt hur olika biobränslen förhåller sig i detta sammanhang. Med avseende på detta så genomfördes detta examensarbete i syfte att fastställa hur olika förbränningsförhållanden i en modifierad pelletskamin inverkar på rökgaspartiklarnas sammansättning m a p organiskt och elementärt kol. Vidare undersöktes om det är möjligt att stabilt generera en "sotande" förbränning under längre perioder för framtida toxikologiska studier av rökgaser från biomassa.Resultaten visar på att det är möjligt att med hjälp av de parametrar som funnits att variera, stabilt kunna generera olika sorters förbränningstyper i den nu använda och modifierade pelletskaminen där såväl totalhalten partiklar som fördelningen av organiskt och elementärt kol i partiklarna varierade. Detta är lovande och visar på att det på ett kontrollerat vis går att skapa emissioner under ofullständiga förbränningsförhållanden där partiklarna har olika karakteristik.För att genomföra mer ingående studier rekommenderas dock att vissa förbättringar och utveckling av tekniken genomförs, för ökad kontroll och flexibilitet.

This is a work about the relationship between cult houses and halls. In my essay I will go through four different places were cult houses and halls both exist. I will look at the findings and the landscapes were the settlements are located in. The places I have chosen are Lunda in Södermanland, Slöinge in Halland, Uppåkra in western Skåne and Järrestad in southeast Skåne. Because of that the cult houses and halls are occurring during the late Iron Age, it is during this time period that I will work in.

 Lantmännen i Holmsund tillverkar pelleterat djurfoder till gris, nöt, ren och höns. På fabriken finns tre stycken presslinjer som pressar råvarorna till pellets. Vid tillverkning av pellets blandas råvarorna med ånga som håller ca 75-78°C. Ångan gör att pelletsen blir varm och fuktig efter tillverkningen. För att pelletsen ska kunna hålla en god kvalité vid transport och förvaring torkas denna med luft i pelletskylar.

The essay deals with the hill-fort on the mountain Halleberg, Sweden, its wall design, functionality, dating and its possible function as a central location and a place of worship of the ancestors.The Halleberg hill-fort consists of a 1500 meters long at times cohesive stonewalls which together blocked the mountain from its surroundings. Hallberg's natural vertical scree and cliffs along with the masonry blocked the whole mountain from the surroundings.The hill-forts, with few exceptions are largely not investigated archaeologically and its functionality and role in the ancient society is based on outdated research on the subject. The current archaeological interpretation is that hill-forts served as temporary defense in times of unrest or served as center of power for a social elite. The prevailing view in the archaeological sphere is that the hill-forts had a variety of functions and that its functionality and role in ancient society has varied.Halleberg´s strongest wall sections are at the mountain's south-eastern part where the natural driveway, Storgårdsklev is located. Along with the massive masonry of the walls in Bokedalen Storgårdsklev functioned as the hill-forts main entrance.

It is a well known archaeological concern that the remains of human bones left from the bronze age and early iron age Scandinavia are not nearly enough to represent the estimated population of the time. Furthermore the bones of each find rarely represent a whole individual. The majority of the bones must have been disposed of somewhere else, possibly scattered in running waters or in the fields, where they have evaporated or are securely hidden from archaeological excavations.This thesis deals with the grave concept and the problem in using a word that is so very clouded by its modern, western meaning. It also offers an alternative explanation to why the bones are handled the way they are and why they are found in such awkward contexts..

This is a work about the relationship between cult houses and halls. In my essay I will go through four different places were cult houses and halls both exist. I will look at the findings and the landscapes were the settlements are located in. The places I have chosen are Lunda in Södermanland, Slöinge in Halland, Uppåkra in western Skåne and Järrestad in southeast Skåne. Because of that the cult houses and halls are occurring during the late Iron Age, it is during this time period that I will work in.

Målet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur de metallurgiska och fysikaliska egenskaperna på direktreduktionspelletsen av kvalitetn KPRS (Kiruna Pellets Reduktion Special) påverkas av förändringar i nedmalningsgrad, järnmalmskoncentratets nedmalningsgrad med avseende på specifika yta och tillsatsmedlets mätt i procent mindre än 45µm. Försöken utfördes i laboratorieskala med upplägg enligt ett fullfaktorförsök. Järnmalmskoncentratet och tillsatsmedlet som används vid försöken har tagits ut från anrikningsprocessen, av detta material har sedan pellets tillverkas i en så kallad pot furnace som kan simulera pelletsprocessen. På färdiga pellets har det sedan utförts en rad tester. Då försöken med nedmalningsgrad ej var fullt genomförbara kompletterades arbetet med en multivariat studie av ATH.

In this essay I aim to examine how the landscape of Mönsterås might have looked like during the Bronze age in order to get a better understanding of the house urn that C J Ekerot found in a cairn in Fälle. Mönsterås is an area which has a quality of permanence, from Stone Age to Iron Age with its culmination during the Bronze Age. I will discuss the use and symbolic meaning of the house urn. The house as a symbol during the Bronze Age seemed to have had an important place in the cosmology. I will also discuss the importance of cairns, especially in the archipelago areas.

En studie över jämförelsen av fjärrvärme i Helsingborg och bergvärme har utifrån resursutnyttjande, klimatpåverkan och ekonomi genomförts. Till detta har scenarion med solcellsanläggningar som komplement till bergvärmesystemet jämförts. Genom att förbruka fjärrvärme istället för bergvärme så skulle ett Nils Holgersson hus under 2013 förbruka 25 MWh mindre primärenergi, vilket mostsvarar 2 ton råolja och 5 ton pellets. Det billigaste bergvärmesystemet i studien hade en årskostnad på 9 000 kr mer än fjärrvärmen. Beroende på ursprungsmärkningen av elen utnyttjad i bergvärmesystemet variera koldioxid resultatet.

The research in this paper aims to producing a home version machine thatcan dry and make biological waste into compact pellets. This product ismade primarily for those who want to improve the environment and reducethe energy consuming process of separating the biological leftovers fromother waste in the large processing plants and save money due to reducedpickups of waste. Since there is no commercially available product thatdoes what we want to achieve we had to start from the beginning with boththe design and the mechanical aspects. The result is a machine, that fits inour homes, and in an easy and inexpensive way reduces the amount ofbiological waste that needs to be collected by the public wastetransportation system. This is done without reducing any of the energy inthe waste and it can still be used to compost or by large-scale plants that usethe waste to make electricity.

The production of ferrochromium alloys at Vargön Alloys AB contributes to formation of unwanted ferrochromium dust, which contains toxic Cr(VI). The dust is since summer 2005 treated with an iron-sulphate solution to reduce Cr(VI) to the non-toxic Cr(III). A year later the treatment technique was improved and disposal occurs in cells on the landfill. The cells can be up to 300 m3 and the edges can be made out of fro example concrete. Tests are conducted on the treated dust when it is disposed.

This thesis concerns the Gotlandic hill-forts (sw. fornborg) situated on a cliff or in an elevated position and which traditionally have been referred to as cliff-forts (sw. klintborg/höjdborg). The study derives from the notion that these monuments, diverse in size and shape, by archaeologists have been viewed and treated as a homogeneous category of ancient remains. The author?s key aim is to challenge this perception by identifying various subcategories from the 28 cliff-forts on the island.Ever since the archaeological discipline initiated the study of cliff-forts in the late 1800s and more or less to present day, the interpretations have been almost solely dominated by explanations of the military and defendable nature of them.

This essay is about two areas called Hackås and Myrviken, situated in the middle of Sweden around the lake Storsjön. In Hackås we can see traces after an early agrarian settlement, and in Myrviken we find Jämtlands largest concentration of ironmaking sites from around 400 AD. There are no clear evidence of the agrarian settlement in Myrviken, and only two ironmaking sites in Hackås. These two economies functioned at the same time, but were clearly separated. My purpose is to discuss if it was the farmers of Hackås who made iron in Myrviken, or if it was somebody else..