Den tilltagande globaliseringen ställer nya krav på juridiken och nationella beteenden ersätts av gemensamma tillvägagångssätt. Internationella regelverk i form av UniP och PECL aktualiserar frågan om vilken betydelse dylika regelverk har för svensk nationell rätt. Den situation som behandlas i uppsatsen är den då två parter har ingått förhandlingar men avtal av olika anledningar inte slutits. Syftet med uppsatsen är att redogöra för det prekontraktuella ansvaret inom svensk rätt samt enligt bestämmelserna i de internationella regelverken UniP och PECL. Detta i avsikt att med utgångspunkt i tre rättsfall, göra en jämförande analys och söka utröna likheter och skillnader avseende ansvaret i situationer då parter förhandlat men avtal inte kommit till stånd.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) har under modern tid växt fram att bli ettstandardförfarande bland företag och en strategi för att eftersträva legitimitet. Grundati ökade krav och förväntningar från omgivande aktörer, åtar sig organisationer ettsamhällsansvar utifrån ett miljömässigt, socialt och ekonomiskt perspektiv. Parallelltmed det stegrade ansvarstagandet inom organisationer öppnar det upp för fråganhuruvida detta fenomen är direkt applicerbart på alla branscher, så som kontroversiellaindustrier. Av den anledningen utreds i denna studie huruvida konsumenter anser attPhilip Morris International, ett företag verksamt inom tobaksindustrin, uppnårlegitimitet genom deras CSR- engagemang. Genom fokusgrupper och djupintervjuerhar konsumenters uppfattning om Philip Morris International CSR- engagemangkunnat fastställas och slutsatser har kunnat erhållas.

Whether use of affirmative action can be justified is an ethical dilemma that hasbeen intensely debated. The question raises several conflict dimensions. Thepurpose of this thesis is to separate different arguments of the debate and classifywhich principles they are built upon. To accomplish this, an analytical instrumentis created where three different perspectives of equality, and deontology versusconsequentialism, are compared. A third conflict dimension, individual versusgroup ethical principles, is also considered.

Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) is about women, peace and security. Since the resolution was adopted several countries has made their own National Action Plan for implementation of the resolution.Sweden and Denmark are two of these countries. Resolution 1325 is one of the documents that each countries armed force has to relate to in international work.These countries can get to work together in international operations within the framework of the Nordic Defense Cooperation, NORDEFCO. This study is done by looking at similarities and differences in the action plans and whether they can be an obstacle for the countries to cooperate in an international operation.In this paper a comparative analysis of Sweden and Denmark's plans for the Security Council resolution 1325 will be done. The comparison is made based on the clauses of the resolution relating to the member states actions.In this paper, a qualitative text analysis to be carried out with sections of Resolution 1325 as a model for the comparison..

AbstractUppsatsen har som syfte att ta reda på om hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott utgör en allmän avtalsrättslig princip i Sverige, samt vilka prognoskrav som i så fall kan ställas för att hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott skall föreligga utanför lagreglerat område.Genom att studera och jämföra olika rättskällor har jag kommit fram till att hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott troligen föreligger även utanför lagreglerat område. Jag har funnit stöd för en sådan hävningsrätt i doktrin, standardavtal, Principles of European Contract Law och UNIDROIT Principles. I doktrin föreslås en analog tolkning av köplagens reglering av hävning på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott. I fyra av de fem standardavtal jag valt att analysera regleras hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott. Även i Principles of European Contract Law och i UNIDROIT Principles finns en reglering av hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott.Svensk praxis som behandlar hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott rör uteslutande köp och bekräftar inte hävningsrätt utanför lagreglerat område.

The aim of this thesis is to clarify the affect that preferential and regional trade agreements have on the World Trade Organization (WTO), as being establisher of the international trading regime. The essay is an explanatory literature study, which strives to answer the following questions:Are regional and preferential trade agreements a threat or a complement to the WTO?Is an undermining of the MFN principle weakening the WTO?How do regional trade agreements made by the EU affect the future of the WTO?The empirical material is to be analyzed using an explanatory framework, which is based on neo-liberal instutionalism, theories on regime changes and a game theoretical approach, using prisoner?s dilemma. I will employ the EU-ACP relation, the Cotonou agreement to exemplify how an agreement of this kind can have an influence on multilateral trade. The result shows that preferential agreements do have an impact on the WTO, one that is fairly negative in scope.

Den civilsamhälleliga arenan förknippas traditionellt med gräsrotsrörelser, och elitgruppers närvaro kan därmed förefalla vara ett kontraintuitivt och främmande inslag. Uppsatsens syfte är verifiera vår tes om att International Crisis Group är en aktör i det globala civilsamhället, och att globaliseringen av civilsamhället utgör den strukturella förutsättningen för detta aktörsskap. Genom en teorikonsumerande fallstudie med ett induktivt förhållningssätt har vi studerat organisationens aktörsskap i det globala civilsamhället. Det teoretiska ramverket består av aktör-strukturteori kombinerat med teorier om det globala civilsamhället, varur vi har konstruerat en analysmodell som bistår med ett nytt sätt att betrakta globalt aktörsskap. Globaliseringen av civilsamhället, som är en förutsättning för globala aktörer att verka, fordrade den strukturella förändringen som slutet på Kalla kriget bistod med.

The thesis hears content-error in relation to agreements closed by electronic means. The purpose of the thesis is to elucidate how the rules in 32 §(1) AvtL apply to agreements closed by such means and to evaluate its suitability. The elucidation is done on the basis of, the rules? adequacy in relation to their objectives in collaboration with a comparative view on a selection of international legal framework under private law, such as DCFR, UNCITRAL Model Law, UNIDROIT Principles and CISG.Since Sweden lack a specific regulation for electronically closed agreements, all modern closing methods will be evaluated from the dated outlook of the Swedish Contract Act. In relation to entirely automated processes which results in the closing of an agreement, particular difficulty arise in correlation with prerequisites, which requires a human stance.

National and international studies, such as PISA and TIMSS, which are part of the national evaluation system, are carried out continuosly. Skolverket, in collaboration with researchers, are responsible for the implementation, evaluation, and analysis of the studies. National results show an increasing percentage of pupils who do not reach the goals in mathematics. The last completed international studies PISA 2009 and TIMSS 2007 show an impaired trend of knowledge, in international comparison. Moreover, studies also show that the differences between schools and also within the same school in Sweden have increased.

AbstractPresentation of the problem: The goal with this graduation project is to produce a new visual concept for the student newspaper Campus, this will be expressed in the form of page templates. The page templates will have a visual concept that appears through graphical elements. The client's wishes were that the student newspaper should be audience appropriate, attractive, inviting, reliable, modern and functional to work with.Theory: In order to implement the wishes and in a good way produce a consistent visual concept, we took a starting point in theory of graphic design. This theory has taken many of its principles from aesthetic theory, and therefore have we also used aesthetics to provide a deeper theoretical aspect. The principles we used in graphic design is; how to create a unity in the layout by using basic elements such as text, images, and white space.

International organizations are important actors on the stage of world politics, and how these actors securitize the climate change issue is of importance for how it will be tackled by actors on global and national levels. The purpose of this study is to contribute to research on climate security discourses and how climate change is defined as a security concern amongst different actors. This study, in contrast to previous research, focuses on systematically mapping the definitions made by different international organizations by asking: whose security is at stake; who is responsible for responding to the threat; how is the nature of the threat defined; and what responses are suggested? By analyzing material consisting of a variety of documents and statements from five international organizations, I aim to identify differences between these actors ? in how the climate change issue is conceptualized from a security perspective. The result of the study shows that only one of the organizations shows clear elements of the national/geopolitical security discourse, while all of the other actors primarily use the human security discourse.

This thesis is a qualitative study in which 12 award-winning printed adverts, awarded with either a Swedish ?Guldägg? or an international Clio Award, have been analyzed from a rhetorical perspective. Visual rhetorics were used to analyze the adverts in order to expose the rhetorical concepts and to find out whether the rhetorical concepts represented in the Swedish adverts are the same concepts represented in the international adverts. One of the conclusions drawn is that pathos-arguments, a rhetorical concept where the senders allude to the emotions of the receivers, are the most prominent in both Swedish and international adverts, but are used in different ways. Another conclusion drawn is that the adverts are overall characterized by their messages not being explicit.

The world is getting smaller. Global markets, political processes and communication technology bring people together. Even though many of these processes are dynamic and constructive, they have also resulted in a need for better and more effective ways of international conflict resolution. This thesis investigates central issues connected to the concept of humanitarian interventions in relation to current and future legislation of the European Union. The overall question is whether the rapid globalization process has resulted in a change of international law towards more liberal view where authorization of the security council is not always needed? And, if there has actually been such a liberalization, how does that affect the legal possibilities for the European Union to carry out armed operations without the consent of the global community?The conclusion of the thesis is that international law has been modified mainly in two aspects: First, the concept of sovereignty is no longer seen merely as a right of the nation, but also as a responsibility.

The aim of this study has been to, through a couple of chosen theories, examine in what way and for what purposes Japan has used its international aid system, How can the nation have been said to have implemented and acted in lines with the philosophies and principles set forth in the ODA declaration. What approaches, concerning positive and negative aid sanctions in the matters of aid to Cambodia and Burma, have been chosen and what have the motives for these choices been. What have been the determining factors of the outcome related to these sanctions - economic, political and/or matters of identity? I have found that a concern for possible decrease in economic profit and investment related areas, combined with a feared loss of political prestige and worsened diplomatic relations to the neighbouring countries in the Asian society, have come to overtrump the notion of advocating democracy, human rights, environmental and anti-militaristic issues..

In 1989 the United States choose, after years of conflict, to carry out a military intervention in Panama, to remove Manuel Noriega, convicted for drug dealing and for threatening the lives of the Americans living in Panama. The aim of this study is to examine whether George H. W Bush?s arguments for the military intervention comply with the principles of the just war.The method chosen for this study is a qualitative literature study, based primarily on secondary data. It is a case study with two complementing theories, the theory of the just war and the world system theory.The result showed that the American intervention both can be justified and unjustified following the principles of the Just War Theory.