Background: The use of reward systems can be of strategic importance as well as an affective mean of control for the organization in its work to achieve its goals. The municipal sector is characterized by its transparency and its responsibility for the taxpayer?s money. We therefore wonder which possibilities the municipal sector has to use reward systems as a men of control. Purpose: We intend to research the possibilities that the reward system offer as a mean of control for employees at the higher municipal level, with a special focus on commitment and motivation.

The Swedish retail business has been characterized by a small number of ruling distributors. These distributors have been affected negatively by the internationalization which has made it possible for international distributors to establish their stores in the Swedish market. These international distributors are focused on low price stores. Their establishment on the Swedish market has led to a decrease in market shares for the Swedish distributors, which has damaged their profitability. Another change that has affected the Swedish distributors is that the behavior and needs of the customers has changed.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur svenska pensionsfonder presterat under perioden 2005-01-01 till 2009-12-07. Detta vill vi undersöka då det sker stora förflyttningar av pensionskapital i stundande tid inom det svenska pensionssystemet. Undersökningen innehåller ett urval på 25 svenska pensionsfonder hos sju av de stora svenska pensionsförvaltarna. Fyra fondtyper har använts i undersökningen: En aktiefond, en blandfond och två olika räntefonder. Utifrån historisk data har vi tagit fram avkastning och risk för aktuell tidsperiod hos fonderna.

This essay examines the possibilities of writing a counter history about Anne Charlotte Leffler that does not have - like most of the previous studies and literary histories upon Leffler - the Swedish boundaries or the Swedish language as its model. That is to say that this essay, in opposition to most of the hitherto writings on Anne Charlotte Leffler, values the international reception as high as the Swedish reception. It does so by undertaking a case study based on the German review Deutsche Rundschau, which published six short stories by and three articles about Anne Charlotte Leffler between 1884 and 1894. The short stories and the articles in Deutsche Rundschau are compared with two other documents of reception that contribute to the understanding of the German reception of Leffler. The examination shows that the focus on the international reception can contribute to illuminate aspects of Anne Charlotte Lefflers authorship that previously have been disregarded.

The organized and controlled form of collecting consumption taxes and toll from the import and export trade goes back to the 17th century in Sweden. The customs administration and procedure were regulated by royal announcements, and the majority of the documents found in the customs archives represent thus records stipulated by such notifications. The customs archives can be used for research on several levels; the announcements reflect currents within both the domestic and foreign politics, while the account lists for financial statistics portray the extent of the trade. The various lists of compilation can be further used to follow for instance the development of different units of measurement, the expansion of tax rates, the value of trade goods or the changes in monetary units or systems. The diaries, architectural plans of the customs offices and maps of the toll areas place the customs officials and their work within the local scenery.The thesis focuses on archives deriving from customs located at harbors and on the Swedish-Norwegian border in the county of Dalarna.

Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att ge kunskap om hedgefonders egenskaper och stategier utifrån ett investerarperspektiv. Genom att studera den svenska hedgefondmarknaden ska vi dela in alla svenskregistrerade hedgefonder i kategorier. Vi skall slutligen göra en rankinglista utifrån den avkastning som genereras i termer av fondernas historiska värdeutveckling och risknivå. Metod: Eftersom kunskapen om hedgefonder är låg kommer vi att belysa olika karaktärsdrag. De frågeställningar som tas upp i problemdiskussionen besvaras helt eller delvis i kapitel 3 och 4.

The Swedish retail business has been characterized by a small number of ruling distributors. These distributors have been affected negatively by the internationalization which has made it possible for international distributors to establish their stores in the Swedish market. These international distributors are focused on low price stores. Their establishment on the Swedish market has led to a decrease in market shares for the Swedish distributors, which has damaged their profitability. Another change that has affected the Swedish distributors is that the behavior and needs of the customers has changed.

Even though terrorism has been on the political agenda for several years there is no general accepted definition of the phenomena of terrorism. Several scientist do also apply that terrorism have changed after the 9/11-attacks. The purpose with this thesis was to analyze and compare the image of terrorism represented by the United States, United Kingdom, Sweden and Norway, in an attempt to draw conclusions about similarities and differentials. The material that was used was these four nations individual counter terrorism strategy. This was made by using idea analysis and self constructed dimensions based on earlier science about security, terrorism and international law.

Since the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was adopted in 1979 there has been evident progress in the area of women's rights in great parts of the world, although this progress is still foremost concentrated to the Westernhemisphere. In Argentina, the work with gender equality and women's rights set of strongly during the last decade. The country has ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Inter-American Convention on the Prevention, Punishmentand Eradication of Violence against Women "Convention of Belem Do Para" but still women and girls are victims of structural discrimination and serious impunity of their rights on a daily basis.The current situation proves that the positive changes within the context of international and national law do not necessary reach out to the population to the same extent. In the light of the lacking popular involvement and knowledge of their rights, a different type of solution is desirable. Therefore it would be of interest to examinate the role of Non Governmental Organisations (NGO:s) when it comes to implementing human rights in the society and ?the every day life?.

This paper investigates the representations of Africans in the Swedish comic press around the time 1880-1920, with the purpose of establishing how Africans were depicted and how these representations can be explained. The sources consist of four comic magazines: Kasper, Söndags-Nisse, Strix and Naggen.Results show that images of Africans in the late 19th and early 20th century Swedish comic press highly conform to international representations. Traditional stereotypes and overall caricatures are widely applied, mediating racial difference and black subordination. The comic strips and jokes can be divided into categories, defined by their main theme: 1) Exotic animals and nature 2) Skin colour 3) The unintelligent or uncivilised savage 4) Cannibalism 5) The civilised African 6) Imperialistic overtones. The use of international stereotypes indicates that some comic strips might have been directly copied from foreign publications, and incorporated into Swedish contexts.Several theories, likely interacting, can be considered in explaining the imagery.

Within the interconnected global markets of today; people, products, and information travel at a pace never met before. In light of the global retail markets recent integration, consumers are opened up to new products and are beginning to develop a vetted interest in the heritage of those products. Within literature this process has been coined "Country of Origin" COO, and its impacts on consumer attitudes, product value- assessment, and overall behaviors has been one of the most emphasized areas of "international business" studies, during the last three decades. Numerous studies have shown a correlation between positive or advantageous associations to a country of origin, and the actual products representing and coming out of that country. It is by this synergetic process that so-called positive COO-effects are brought forth.The goal of this thesis stems directly from the still unexplored potential for Swedish firms to differentiate their products and brands on new international markets, through a strategic and coherent communication of relevant Swedish COO-effects.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur Riskkapitalbolag avser att nå tillväxt i företag som befinner sig i Sådd, Start-Up och Expansionsfaser. Vi har undersökt vilka förändringar med organisatorisk anknytning som riskkapitalbolagen försöker driva igenom i sina investerade tillväxtföretag och vad dessa förändringar kan innebära för företaget.Undersökning genomfördes genom intervjuer med nio respondenter som representerar riskkapitalbolag. Respondenterna motsvarar stora och små, samt fond och privatfinansierade riskkapitalbolag.Riskkapitalbolag försöker genomdriva förändringar i sina investerade företag för att nå tillväxt och åstadkomma avkastning på sin investering. Undersökningen visar att de investerade företagens utvecklingsfaser bestämmer vilka förändringar som sker. Vanliga organisatoriska förändringar i tidiga faser är tillsättning av ekonomichefer och upprättandet av interna strukturer medan senare faser präglas av finjustering av ledningsgruppen, något som stämde överens med de teoretiska koncepten.

Undersökningens syfte är att studera hur individer som har gjort ett fondval inom premiepensionssystemet, påverkas av den information som presenteras vid val av fond. Likaså att undersöka om beteendet skiljer sig beroende på kön, tid kvar till pension, inkomst- eller utbildningsnivå. En liknande studie har gjorts i USA av Benartzi och Thaler.I studien har en enkätundersökning skickats ut per post till 1000 slumpmässigt utvalda individer runt om i Sverige. Gemensamt för urvalet är att individerna har gjort ett fondbyte inom en tremånadersperiod, innan enkätundersökningens genomförande.  Undersökningen har genomförts med stöd av Pensionsmyndigheten.Resultatet visar att respondenterna gärna undviker de extrema alternativen när det kommer till hur riskbenägna de anser sig vara. På samma sätt har de en benägenhet att välja låg- och medelrisk-fonder när informationen kring fonderna presenteras numeriskt.

Can the lack of functional cross-cultural communication among individuals within an international organization be the reason for cultural clashes to occur, and lead to conflict between two cultures within the same organization?Our aim is to try to create a potential model of how cross-cultural problems can be studied, in order to contribute to the solution of the problem. And to examine whether the theories, which form the basis of our model can be applied in reality.The research have assumed from the hermeneutical approach for a holistic view of the problem area. The deductive approach has been used in order to distinguish whether the theories can be applied to reality, and qualitative research method for collecting data.The focus lies within cross-cultural communications, which defines the various cultural factors that can affect organizational culture. Hofstede dimensions and the social structure are mentioned and cultural factors as language and religion.

I den här studien undersöks hur arkeologi framställs i svenska, tryckta nyhetsmedier. Arbetet har sina teoretiska utgångspunkter dels i att det arkeologiska fältet populariseras när det förekommer i nyheter, dels att allt meningsskapande sker utifrån institutionella diskursiva praktiker. Centralt är att relationen mellan nuet och det förflutna får effekter för synen på samhället och att arkeologi och kulturarv har stor betydelse för identitetsskapande. Med hjälp av kritisk diskursanalys som teoretisk fond och metod analyseras ett urval av artiklar som förekommit i storstädernas dagspress under det gångna året. Båda institutionerna, tidningarna samt arkeologfältet, producerar en dominerande diskurs som har ett marknadsanpassat och liberalt perspektiv utom då hotet mot kulturarvet står i fokus då tongångarna blir mer inriktade på konservativa värden såsom bevarande och beskyddande.