Aim: The aim of this study was to examine health professionals´ experiences of giving advice regarding sleep to parents of infants and to perform and evaluate an intervention in the form of introducing information about the sleep of infants.Method: The study was designed as an intervention study with a qualitative approach where data was collected from two focus groups in the form of interviews. The intervention consisted of the information material Sugen på sömn. There were five participants whom three of them participated in the second interview. The interviews were processed by content analysis.Results: Health professionals´ experience of giving advice on sleep was summarized in three themes. The experiences of giving advice in interaction with parents, health professional themselves experienced the power to influence the parents with the advice they gave, while the parents' previous experience and knowledge impacted on how the advice came into practice.

Essay in political science, D-level by Lisa Kringsberg, spring semester 2008.Tutor: Michele Micheletti.?Civil Society in Singapore? can it make democratization possible?The third wave of democratization and the end of the cold war has together increased the interest of the civil society as an impact on democratization. Singapore is a country which is higly-developt in both the socie-economic and economic field. Dispate this Singapore has not yet achieved to become a democratic state. The purpose of this essay is to study how the civil society can affect democracy in a country.

Purpose: The purpose with this empirical study is to investigate how many companies have chosen to apply the K2 framework and see why the remaining companies have chosen not to.Methodology: A choice of a quantitative approach has been applied to collect information and create a foundation for the problem. Furthermore a qualitative approach has been selected to cover the remains.Theoretical perspective: This section contains a presentation of the agency theory, the institutional theory, the k-project and a comparison of K2 and the existing regulation.Results: Three out of 143 companies applies BFNAR 2008:1. 13 out of 143 companies use self-generated intangible fixed assets. Out of 29 contacted companies only three know about K2. The 29 companies are from various lines of business within an area.Conclusion: The conclusion of our research is that the majority of the companies did not reject to use the K2 regulations.

The purpose of this qualitative interview study was to examine which approach experienced pre-school teachers have on children that seek negative attention. The study contains five informants in a city in the middle of Sweden and they all have at least 10 years of experience after their diploma from a pre-school teachers? program. The questions I aimed to answer were the following: How did the pre-school teachers define the expression ?negative attention?? What approach did they have on children that seek negative attention? What effects do the childrens? seeking of negative attention generate on their self-esteem and sense of security? How possible do the pre-school teachers feel it is to achieve the goals of the pre-schools? curricula that every child should get their needs respected and met, when they work with children that seek negative attention? The results showed that the teachers think of them as resources in the group and that they need to think of the environment around these children both at home and at the pre-school to better meet their needs.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine health professionals´ experiences of giving advice regarding sleep to parents of infants and to perform and evaluate an intervention in the form of introducing information about the sleep of infants.Method: The study was designed as an intervention study with a qualitative approach where data was collected from two focus groups in the form of interviews. The intervention consisted of the information material Sugen på sömn. There were five participants whom three of them participated in the second interview. The interviews were processed by content analysis.Results: Health professionals´ experience of giving advice on sleep was summarized in three themes. The experiences of giving advice in interaction with parents, health professional themselves experienced the power to influence the parents with the advice they gave, while the parents' previous experience and knowledge impacted on how the advice came into practice.

Att känna sig svensk trots att man bott i Sverige en längre tid är inte alltid en självklarhet. Känslan av tillhörighet bottnar i någonting annat, mycket djupare än vad som kan ses på ytan. I antologin belyser vi kvinnor i varierande åldrar och deras identitetsskapande i det svenska samhället. Den gemensamma övergripande nämnaren för våra studier är kvinnornas syn på sig själva, som invandrare och individ. Amras del kretsar kring hur Bosniska invandrarkvinnor uppfattar betydelsen av den egna etniska gruppen för känslan av gemenskap i det svenska samhället.

Alltsedan 1952 har Sverige arbetat med att bistå fattigare länder i deras utveckling ut ur fattigdomen. Den svenska biståndsmyndigheten Sida har av riksdagen tilldelats sex mål för sitt arbete, varav denna studie fokuserar på två av dem, målet om resurstillväxt, samt målet om miljöhänsyn. Finns där en konflikt mellan dessa mål eller är det snarare så att de är varandras förutsättningar? Genom att studera de rådande teoribildningarna på området och nyttja dem i analysen av relevant empiriskt material, i form av såväl textanalys som intervjuer, har Sidas förhållningssätt i denna fråga har kunnat kartläggas. Även om det råder en viss skepsis mot vissa former av tillväxt så kan Sidas förhållningssätt ändå karaktäriseras som tillväxtoptimistiskt.

The aim of this thesis is to study why Swedish authorities do organizational changes. Two organizations are analyzed; The Swedish Tax Agency (Skatteverket) and the National Statistics Office of Sweden (Statistiska centralbyrån). A qualitative method, consisting mainly of interviews with key officials, is employed to study two aspects of organizational change: first, the main reasons for changing the organization and, second, how the process that preceded the actual change was carried out. Furthermore, two different theoretical perspectives are used to construct a basis for the analysis. One of the perspectives assumes a social constructivist approach, while the other is rationalistic inspired.

The communication and mediation of information and news has, under the latest decades, increased into an incalculable amount. In the newsflow that has come up it has become more and more urgent to sort and select the relevant and correct news. Simultaneously as the information has become one of the most important goods for the western world, the criticism against media has become more loudvoiced and especially the criticism aims at the fact that publicness has become less public and the public conversation is nowadays filtrated through media. The American Joey Skaggs can be reckoned among with the group of media critics, but his course of action and methods to reach out with his critical view, stand out strikingly from the traditional media critics. Instead of, as most, aiming the criticism against media, from an outside perspective, Skaggs chooses to attack the media from the inside.

In inhalation anesthesia life-support systems are used to provide gases to the patient and to monitor important parameters. These systems are used in dynamic and stressful situations where the information-load on the operators often is significant. This thesis presents a design concept of an anesthetic system. The design goal has been to keep the information-load on the operator low with the objective to minimize confusion and error.A number of contextual inquiries were made in the operating room during surgery at four hospitals in Sweden. The goal was to understand the actual use-situations when anesthetic systems are employed.

In this essay I analyze the concepts security and security policy from a critical, feministic point of view. The traditional way of thinking security is state-centred and narrow with its military oriented threatening pictures and solutions.I advocate that the two concepts need a more feministic and holistic approach to be able to cope with the threats of our time and include the security for women explicitly.To suggest how this can be done I introduce a model; security-sphere, which should be seen as a way to constructively connect my objections to the existing research with a new approach to security problems. The security-sphere is based on two analytical parts; the private security sub-sphere and the public security sub-sphere, in order to make new images of security problems visible.It is a fact that most of the threats against women specifically, take place in the private sphere where no traditional analytical tools reach in - these threats have not been seen as 'real' security problems. My aim is therefore to integrate these issues into the agenda of security policy..

Metan är en viktig växthusgas vars halt ökar i atmosfären. Dess naturliga källor är dåligt undersökta och det är av stort nationellt och internationellt intresse att kartlägga dessa. Vattendrag är oftast övermättade med avseende på metangas och fungerar då som en källa för metanflöden från vattendraget till atmosfären. I denna undersökning har ett vattendrag, Storån i Söderköpings kommun, undersökts vid sammanlagt 22 tillfällen under perioden mars - april 2004. Metanet samlades in i flytkammare som var utplacerade mitt i ån under olika långa provtagningsperioder.

Uppsatsen behandlar producentansvar för elektriska och elektroniska artiklar, konsumenten och risksamhället (Ulrich Beck). Syftet är att belysa producentansvaret för el-produkter ur ett konsumentperspektiv. För att göra detta har jag gjort en kvalitativ intervju med kommunal tjänsteman vid Norrköping kommun, intervjuer med återförsäljare i Norrköping, flödesschema över el-produkter och information och slutligen har producentansvaret för el- produkter analyserats med utgångspunkt i Becks verk Risksamhället. El-produkter inebär tidstypiska risker för den reflexiva moderniseringsprocessen. Producentansvaret för el-produkter kan ses som ett försök att lösa problematiken kring resurser som hamnat på fel plats.

I studien genomförs en analys av begreppet hållbar utveckling och dess koppling till de tankar som brukar förknippas med ekologisk modernisering. Vidare beskrivs och diskuteras relationer och samband mellan den hållbara utvecklingens tre dimensioner; miljön, ekonomin och det sociala. Arbetet för hållbar utveckling på den regionala nivån sker utifrån nationella ramar men det är på den regionala och kommunala nivån som ansvaret för initiativtagande och prioriteringar ligger. Det är viktigt att ha kunskap om hur begreppet hållbar utveckling har kommit till och diskutera vad som menas med begreppet för att förstå vad begreppet syftar till och hur det bör tillämpas i det regionala utvecklingsarbetet. Med hjälp av indikatorer är det möjligt att följa och utvärdera arbetet för hållbar utveckling.

Svensk äldreomsorg har diskuterats i media under våren 2002. Brister har uppdagats och två av de allvarligaste är svårigheterna att rekrytera utbildad personal och att personalen i så hög utsträckning är långtidssjukskriven. Orsakerna till de kostsamma långtidssjukskrivningarna är framför allt psykiska. Dessutom ökar andelen äldre i samhället och dessa kommer att behöva alltmer hemsjukvård ju äldre de blir. Hemtjänstpersonalens arbetssituation är därför intressant att studera och syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilka av deras arbetsuppgifter som var extra krävande ur ett kognitivt perspektiv.