Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att belysa omvårdnaden för familjer till barn med hjärtfel ur ett familjeperspektiv. Vården av hjärtsjuka barn och ungdomar kräver en kunskap om dessa sjukdomar inte enbart hos sjukvårdspersonal inom den högspecialiserade barnkardiologin utan inom ett flertal andra specialiteter. Studien omfattar sjuksköterskans omvårdnad av familjer, förberedelser för hemgång, samarbetet mellan olika yrkeskategorier, familjens reaktioner vid denna krissituation och de bearbetningsmodeller som finns till förfogande för att underlätta bearbetningsprocessen. Vidare forskning inom detta område är nödvändig. The purpose of this study is to illuminate the care of families to children with heartdisease from a familyperspective.

Background. With the mental health care reform 1995, the long-term mentally ill patients were meant to be integrated in the society. Instead, they became ?deported? to mental health care. Aim.

Cycle time has a direct influence on number of returnable crates needed and therefore a crucial parameter for cost structure and pricing of the user fec in the pool system.For providing the growing market, number of crates has to increase as well as the utilization of existing crates. To accomplish this aim, cycle time for the whole supply chain has to be fully unravelled and understand.The purpose is to map cycle time and stock movements, to see how, where and when crates are being used in the supply chain. The goal is to make a method of cycle time calculation, together with suggestions of improving the pool system and decrease cycle time.The study has been a combination of qualitative and quantitative research and comprises the three biggest wholesalers in Sweden; ICA, Coop and Axfood. Furthermore have 65 grocery shops, connected to the wholesalers, been investigated and mapped.The study has come to a conclusion that cycle time for an average returnable crate is 19 days. The full-size and half-size crates have a bit longer cycle time, 21-22 days, while Dual Height-crates and shallow haif-size crates have 17-18 days.

The group of elderly people in Sweden will increase significantly in the future and science point out that the future elderly people will not accept today?s standards and offers of assistance in today?s public elderly care. Therefore public elderly care stands before a significant challenge in terms of development that has to be sustainable. New research also points out that middle managers can be a great strategic resource, and a founder of success, in the challenge of sustainable development. The aim of the report was to increase the knowledge about what middle managers in public elderly care think sustainable development has to embrace, when it comes to quality and personnel administration, in order to meet the needs of the future elderly people.

This study aims to create an understanding of how employees relate to directives that come from a level above them in the hierarchy and is to be implemented in their working activities. This is studied by examining a case where a work group has tried to implement orders, given to them by the government and through a work group in the level above them in the organizations, concerning how employees working with child health care is to educate parents regarding the child convention. The method that have been use in this study is group interviews with 19 child health care nurses and the two main questions that are asked is why has it been difficult to implement the orders and how have the child health care nurses expressed their resistance to the changes, this since only five of the nurses had begun working with the child convention. The theories that have been used focus on how resistance towards change is expressed, organizational incapability and reluctance towards change, as well as how grass root bureaucrats relates to change. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that it is important to let the concerned parties participate from the beginning of the process, to minimize their reluctance to the changing process.

Most of the portable electronic devices use a battery as a primary power source. Nowadays, when the applications are becoming smaller and smaller and more power efficient, the designer needs to concentrate more on reducing power consumption, using secondary power sources and introducing power storage devices. Multiple power source availability and a power storage device on the board will make the applications much more useful and efficient in everyday use. This thesis proposes a power supply unit (PSU) for wireless sensor platforms which is capable of supplying a sensor node with energy from multiple sources, as well as status information from the PSU. Present power storage devices, like electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and batteries, have become more and more common as their characteristics have developed.

Bakgrund: Sedering av respiratorbehandlade patienter är ofta en nödvändighet för komfort och för att kunna utföra optimal behandling. Trenderna inom sedering har på senaste tid gått från djup till lätt sedering. Tidigare forskning indikerar att detta är fysiologiskt gynnsamt för patienterna och att det upplevs som positivt av både patienter och anhöriga. Dock är det föga utforskat hur detta nya arbetssätt upplevs av sjuksökterskorna och hur det påverkar deras arbetssituation. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda lätt sederade patienter i respirator.

The purpose of this study was to look at the experiences of midwives in maternalhealth care encounters with non-european-born women and men, and to determine ifmidwives deem any special competence necessary to handle these encounters well.We gathered information by means of qualitative interviews and semi structuredquestions with eight midwives all of whom matched the inclusion criterias and gavetheir personal consent. Midwives from four district health care centers in Uppsalawere included. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed by means of qualitativecontent analysis.The results reveal the experiences from encounters with non-european patients to betwofold. On one hand the encounter is a positive, exiting experience with anopportunity to learn more about a foreign culture and exchange experiences. On theother hand complications can occur as patients may have unexpected expectationsregarding the health care, have great difficulties with the language or haveexperienced traumatizing incidents, all on top of coming to Sweden alone withoutrelatives.In the encounter with non-european-born patients the midwives consider it importantto have special competence in form of knowledge of other cultures and religions asthis provides a greater understanding of the reasoning behind the patients? decisions.Cultural competence is also important as it helps avoid inadvertently insulting thepatient during the encounter.The special competence held by the midwives has been attained from their basic andspecialist education as well as from self acquired experiences and interests.

No accidents or injuries should occur because of our public health care. It should be a place with high security and good quality in order to avoid this type of accidents. This is a tough situation when the public health care organization should have as good quality as possible despite savings. It is difficult for middle managers to improve patient safety in the absence of money.The purpose of this study is to explain the work with patient safety that middle manager perform during saving times. The perspective we will look into is how they work with patient safety as an ongoing change.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate registered nurses experiences about giving support to relatives to patients within palliative home care. This study was descriptive with qualitative approach. The data collection was made in the form of semi structured qualitative interviews which took place in a Swedish city of medium size, in an area for palliative homecare. Six registrated nurses were interviewed which all gave informed consent. The study suffered no losses and permission from the director of the concerned department had been given prior to the start of this study.

Studies have shown that young people in residential care homes tend to be low achievers in school and are at high risk of entering adulthood with a low level of education. This group has also shown tendency to adverse psychosocial outcomes. The aim with this study is to reach an understanding of how teenagers and young adults view themselves and their future, what ambitions they have in life and how they see their opportunities to realize their goals. The study is based on a qualitative method and was conducted with semi structured personal interviews with five youngsters 15-21 years old in two different residential care homes. The theoretical viewpoints have been based on E.H Erikson?s theory about identity as well as the theory about resilience.The result of this study indicates that the persons we have interviewed have expressed difficulties in describing themselves.

Several studies show that the clinical reality in psychiatric care does not correspond to the demand of consumer participation from a variety of policy documents that has been produced recently. Studies also show that there is a lot to do in improving, patients with sever mental illness, becoming more involved in their own care. The nurse has a central role in this work. The Norwegian nursing theorist Jan-Ka?re Hummelvolls holistic, existentialistic model for psychiatric nursing were used as theoretical ground.The aim of this study was to examine how nurses in psychiatric outpatient units, caring for patients with psychotic disorders, experiences consumer participation.Qualitative phenomenological method was used.

Bakgrund: Svenska intensivvårdsregistret (SIR) sammanställer varje år fastställda kvalitetsmått där en av dem är ?Överflyttning till annan intensivvårdsavdelning på grund av egen resursbrist.? Flera studier har visat att de patienter som flyttas mellan intensivvårdsavdelningar har en högre mortalitet och längre vårdtid än de som inte flyttas. Enligt patientsäkerhetslagen ska vårdgivaren förebygga och utreda vårdskador. Ett sätt att mäta vårdrelaterade skador är Global Trigger Tool (GTT).Syfte: Att undersöka frekvensen av skador hos de patienter som överflyttats till annan intensivvårdsavdelning på grund av resursbrist jämfört med en matchad kontrollgrupp.Metod: En retrospektiv, deskriptiv och jämförande pilotstudie. Journaler från patienter som flyttats till annan intensivvårdsavdelning på grund av resursbristscannades efter skador med hjälp av GTT och jämfördes sedan med en kontrollgrupp som inte flyttats mellan intensivvårdsavdelningar.Resultat: I undersökningsgruppen (n=20) återfanns 67 skador med ett genomsnitt på 3,4 skador per patient.

SAMMANFATTNING: Bakgrund: Det ökade våldet i samhället leder till att en patientkategori blir allt vanligare på våra intensivvårdsavdelningar; våldsbrottsoffer. Det föreligger en brist på studier som beskriver hur intensivvårdssjuksköterskor hanterar dessa situationer för att ge sina patienter bästa möjliga vård. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva intensivvårdssjuksköterskors uppfattningar av inre och yttre resurser i vården av våldsbrottsoffer. Metod: Studien designades som en kvalitativ studie med explorativ och induktiv ansats där semistrukturerade djupintervjuer genererar deskriptiv data som analyseras med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Metoden testades i en pilotstudie med fyra informanter och resultatet presenteras i denna uppsats.

Bakgrund: Intensivvård innebär att förebygga och behandla hotande eller manifest svikt i ett eller flera organsystem hos svårt sjuka patienter. När den nyutexaminerade intensivvårdssjuksköterskan påbörjar sitt arbete på en intensivvårdsavdelning inleds en övergångsperiod. Denna kan pågå upp till två år och är en kritisk period där den nyanställda sjuksköterskan kan känna sig stressad och överväldigad. Mentorskap är en form av handledning där mentorn bland annat agerar som guide och förebild och tillhandahåller kunskap och råd inför den nya rollen. För drygt två år sedan påbörjades ett mentorprogram på en intensivvårdsavdelning i en storstadsregion i Sverige.