ICTY bildades efter krigen i Jugoslavien. I uppsatsen beskrivs tribunalens bakgrund organisatoriskt och historiskt. Jag utreder även dels vad som faller under begreppet sexuellt våld enligt olika internationella organisationer som arbetar med internationella konflikter av olika slag, dels hur den jugoslaviska konflikten såg ut och hur sexuellt våld användes som del av krigföringen under konflikten jämfört med hur det har använts i andra fall. Jag beskriver slutligen de domar som ICTY har fällt angående sexuellt våld. Jag försöker således att utreda om ICTY har ökat juridisk rättvisa för kvinnor som har utsatts för sexuellt våld i krig.

Ethical competence is an important precondition when people are to respond to moral problem situations as efficiently as possible. In these situations it is not easy to make choices and decisions, especially when many stakeholders are involved with various opinions and interests.The purpose of this thesis was to generate a web-based support tool to train and promote ethical competence of the users of this tool.We first created a theoretical basis by studying the major theories of ethics in general and ethical competence in particular. The importance of ethical competence and its main subject, namely, the autonomy in the theoretical part described and specified. In addition has the practical ethical reflection over morality preferred and characterized to the classical ethical passivity over morality. We have also preferred and characterized the autonomous thinking to the heteronomous one.Based on the theoretical base a prototype tool to support the training of ethical competence was designed and developed.

AbstractThe purpose of this essay was to study the parental education for adoptive parents. It´s provided by law since 1/1-2005 that parents have to participate in this education-program before they adopt. We wanted to look at what caused the change and made the education compulsory and to find out where the initiative came from, what purpose the education is supposed to fulfil, if it can facilitate for adopted children during their growth and whether the parental education can support the idea of what is best for a certain child always has to come first, according to the UN convention on the Rights of the child and the Haag-convention.The study was based on eight qualitative interviews, four with social workers, three with representatives of adoption-organisations and one with a representative of the public authority of international adoption (MIA). The conclusions of our study are that there is a risk that the education can not fulfil its purpose to prepare parents for their task, that it looses the idea of what´s best for the child and focuses on the parent instead. It seems to be more of a try out to not violate conventions signed and thereby fulfil a symbolic purpose..

Since the introduction of the European citizenship in the Maastricht treaty, social rights havetaken a back seat to the economic and political elements. Nevertheless, over the past yearssocial issues have been increasingly included on the agenda following the universalrecognition of challenges resulting from further economic integration and demographicchange. The extensive research on European social policy so far tend to focus on initiativesput forward by the European Commission, and offers little to explain the multitude of lines ofreasoning on how far EU social policy should be taken or why it still remains one of the leastdeveloped policy areas. By examining plenary debates in the European Parliament concerningfamily policy, this Bachelor thesis aims to describe the complex of problems connected to afurther development of the social dimension of the European citizenship.The analysis finds that the most imminent problems impeding an expansion of the EU familypolicy lie not only in the many clashes of opinions between advocates of the various existingwelfare models, but also in the conflicts of interests and the different levels of ambitionbetween EU institutions - most notably the Commission and the European Parliament..

Uppsatsen utreder vilka faktorer som påverkade konstituerandet av en palestinsk identitet mellan 1870-1920. Med bakgrund av ett teoretiskt ramverk om nationell identitet undersöks fyra teman i uppsatsen som behandlar: i vilken kontext en palestinsk identitet utvecklades under Osmanska riket, hur den arabiska pressens påverkade etablerandet av en nationell identitet och vilken inverkan politiska faktorer och demografiska förändringar hade på processen, däribland vilken roll Storbritanniens utrikespolitik spelade. Det framkommer i uppsatsen att en nationell identitet förstärks när en folkgrupp upplever att den befinner sig i en situation som anses ansträngd. Faktorer som tycks hota gruppens sammansättning blir då vägledande för hur den sociala identiten framställs och framhålls i relation till vilka/vad som uppfattas att vara hotande..

The objective of this work was to introduce measures to reduce energy and water demand at Gävle Söder 17:10. To succeed, this energy audit has been made. The work is based on collected statistics from the property owner Norrporten, measurements, literature review and through consultation with experts in the field. Two models, one for each building, have been created in the simulation program BV2 to estimate the potential of energy measures based on the collected information. The models in BV2 have been verified against the statistics of the energy consumption.With the help of calculations and simulations, seven cost-effective measures have been identified.

This case study examines how upper secondary schools in a municipality in the northern parts of Sweden structure their special pedagogy with students who have ADHD and dyslexia, students? and parents? experiences of this, and what regulates the schools management in this particular aspect. The results show that all the schools have special pedagogues and other support staff employed, though in varied extent. Furthermore, the resources are distributed differently from school to school. The focus, however, is always around communication between the concerned parties.

Sexuella rättigheter är ett nytt område som yrkar på ett erkännande som mänskliga rättigheter. Genom uppsatsen utforskar jag hur dess rättighetsanspråk har förts fram i den akademiska debatten.Premissen för uppsatsen är klyftan mellan rättigheter i teori och praktik som enligt vissa författare beror på att mänskliga rättigheters politiska diskurs osynliggörs. Jag har analyserat vad den politiska diskursen inrymmer och innebäri förhållande till sexuella rättigheter. Därmed vill jag bidra med en kritisk inblick i utmaningarna, motsättningarna och möjligheterna i konstruktionen av sexuella rättigheter. Jag ämnar även argumentera för att rättigheters politiska diskurs belyser sociala och ekonomiska kontexter som i sin tur påverkar hur sexuella rättigheter framställs inom den internationella arenan..

AbstractThe aim of this thesis is to investigate how the Swedish political parties have been discussing gender politics since 1970 to nowadays, in order to see which problems and solutions that have been suggested by the parties to increase the representation of women and the equality between the sexes. The theoretical framework is constructed by theories of women´s representation, gender politics and women?s interest.To describe how the discussions about gender politics have been between the different parties, the methodological foundation consists of an ideology critical textual analysis of the political programs from the Swedish parties.The analysis confirms that the discussions about gender politics and the political representation of women increase over time. The most important issue of equality is the lack of women´s rights and possibilities in the labor market as a consequence of women´s responsibility of home and childcare. The analysis also shows that parties which discuss women as a category and the underrepresentation of women also point out the importance to increase equality between men and women..

Purpose/Aim: To investigate why people in the age group of 30-40 subscribe to the traditional morning newspaper even though they can get the same information at a much lower cost from for example TV, the internet or the free daily papers. The aim is to also look at possible future alternatives to the traditional morning newspaper.Material/Method: Focus group interviews were used to gather the empirical material. These consisted of a total number of twelve people, divided into three groups. The results from the focus group interviews were analysed with help from established uses & gratifications theories and two diffusion theories.Main results: This study shows that people read the traditional morning newspaper to get a good mixture of entertainment and local, national and global news. It is relaxing to read the newpaper on paper compared to reading it on the internet, mainly because you get a good overview which makes it a lot easier to find exactly want you want to read.

Denna uppsats syfte är att undersöka vilken roll olika fastighetsbolag i Malmö anser sig ha för att påverka segregationen. Vi vill se om det utförs någon styrning från företagen och om typen av ägandeform spelar någon roll för fastighetsägarnas sätt att arbeta med segregationen. Först ägnade vi oss åt litteraturstudier i det aktuella ämnet vilket vi följde upp med intervjuer i tre företag med olika ägarformer. De företag vi intervjuade hade alla olika ägandeskap såsom kommunal, kooperativ och privat. Ägandeformen har betydelse i arbetet mot segregation. Mest påtagligt är det i det privata företaget där ägaren har avgörandet om företaget skall arbeta med detta.

The following essay or thesis is a study over scientific endeavors in the fringe. It is a study of Riksorganisationen UFO-Sverige, whose proponents aim to make the UFO phenomenon (or phenomena) a subject of scientific scrutiny. To achieve this, the ufologists first have to redefine common concepts of ufology as pseudo science or religion, mainly by challenging definitions given by scientific sceptics on the one hand, and proponents of conspiracy theories or the new age environment on the other. Thus UFO-Sverige seeks to construct an alternative scientific identity in contrast to adversaries on both sides, each unwilling to give the UFO phenomenon any further examination. Following the work of Tomas Gieryn's sociological grip on questions of epistemology, especially concerning the social boundaries of science from other cultural categories through what has been labelled as epistemic boundary work, during which proponents of a particular field aim to achieve epistemic authority and thus the legitimate right to define what is and what is not science, I seek to analyze how questions of science and legitimacy are actualized in an intellectual environment or culture not broadly accepted as scientific.

Abstract Today it is very common that some person register a domain name that is identical or confusingly similar to a hallmark that is someone?s protected property. From the owners opinion this can result in a lost of company?s goodwill and there is risk that hallmark becomes powerless.Every physical and legal person can register someone?s protected hallmark as a domain name under top ? level domain .se because owner has no possibilities to stop the registration in advance. The owner of hallmark can only open a dispute trough ATF and try to win and attain a transfer of that registered domain name to itself.

The terrorist attack that shocked the world the 11th of September 2001, when two hijacked aircrafts flew into the World Trade Center's twin towers in New York, came to change the world view for many people especially Americans that felt that the world around them where about to collapse. A new time had begun, a more frighten one. A new kind of terrorism where seen in the dawn, a kind that never had been more evil, and there for was passed to be extremely dangerous. The United States followed by the United Kingdom decided quickly to declare war against the terrorism. Unavoidable this decision led to the development of new interpretations of public international law when the US where unwilling to follow the rule of law.

Bakgrund: Ungefär en procent av Sveriges befolkning har en utvecklingsstörning. Ett kriterie för att ha en utvecklingsstörning är bland annat ett IQ på 70 eller lägre.  En utvecklingsstörning innebär en nedsättning i de kognitiva funktionerna vilket kan leda till svårigheter med kommunikationen. Bemötandet är ett abstrakt begrepp med olika dimensioner och innefattar bland annat genomförandet av ett samtal.Syfte: Syftet med fördjupningsarbetet var att belysa hur vuxna patienter med en utvecklingsstörning blir bemötta inom vården. Bemötandet beskrivs utifrån patienternas egna, anhörigas och vårdpersonalens perspektiv.Metod: Fördjupningsarbetet är en allmän litteraturstudie genomförd på ett systematiskt sätt. Resultatet är baserat på 12 kvalitativa respektive kvantitativa vetenskapliga artiklar.