Bakgrund: Diabetes är en kronisk metabol sjukdom och det finns två sorter. Typ 1 kallas den som orsakas av bristande insulinproduktion. Nordiska riktlinjerna för barn och ungdomar rekommenderar 60 minuter fysisk aktivitet per dag. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa vikten av fysisk aktivitet hos barn och ungdomar med typ 1 diabetes samt vilka faktorer som påverkar deras fysiska aktivitet. Metod: En litteraturstudie innehållande 16 vetenskapliga artiklar som erhållits genom databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. Dessa har granskats, kvalitetsbestämts och sammanfattats. Resultatet har därefter analyserats och presenterats under två huvudteman med tillhörande subteman. Resultat: Efter granskning av de involverade artiklarna framkommer det att den fysiska aktiviteten är viktig för barn och ungdomar med typ 1 diabetes.

Under utövandet av sitt yrke möter allmänsjuksköterskan många patienter med DMT1 (diabetes mellitus typ 1). Enligt Carnevali (1999) leder kunskap om individens resurser och krav i det dagliga livet till en mer individuellt anpassad vård. En ökad förståelse för livskvaliteten vid DMT1 och vilka faktorer som påverkar den kan leda till ett bättre bemötande i vården. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva faktorer som kan påverka livs¬kvaliteten inom olika områden hos individer med diabetes mellitus typ 1. Metoden som användes var en modell för litteraturbaserade examensarbeten av Friberg et al (2006).

Partly due to its consequences on the physical and mental health but also because of women?s constant fear of being violated, rape is considered to be a public health issue. The theoretical aspects of rape were first discussed in the 1970?s mainly from the viewpoints of Susan Brownmiller and Michel Foucault. The aim of this literature study is to investigate the different perspectives on whether rape should be viewed as sex or violence, how the controversy has developed and what the authors claim that the different perspectives result in.

Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur vuxna med typ 2 diabetes uppfattar sin livskvalitet. Metoden var en beskrivande litteraturstudie. Tre undergrupper identifierades, sammanlagt granskades 15 artiklar varav samtliga med kvanitativ ansats. Resultatet av föreliggande studie visade att depression var det mest förekommande komplikationen hos typ 2 diabetiker, vilket resulterade i både nedsatt livskvalitet samt även hälsorelaterad livskvalitet. Vidare visade resultatet att patienter som behandlades med insulin, var kraftigt överviktiga, personer med lägre utbildning, personer med sämre metabol kontroll och otillfredsställande HbA1c värde också uppfattade dålig livskvalitet.

The female dog has a unique reproductive endocrinology, with high levels of progesterone throughout the 70-day long luteal phase. In this project, markers of glucose metabolism were studied and compared from the aspects of breed group and time in oestral cycle. The parameters studied were: glucose, insulin, progesterone, fructosamine and the newly introduced analysis of HbA1c. Hba1c was also further evaluated and discussed as a diagnostic tool in canine medicine.No differences in terms of glucose markers were found between a group of purebreed dogs of various breeds compared to a group of dogs with high risk of dioestrus diabetes, namely the Norwegian and Swedish elkhounds.No differences were found between the two sample occasions, anoestrus and dioestrus, concluding that there is no need for relating test results to the time of the oestrous cycle in middle-aged intact female dogs.There were statistically significant higher values of all glucose markers in diabetic dogs than in non-diabetic dogs. When it came to HbA1c, however, there was a larger overlap between the two groups, compared to fructosamine.

This study examines a case of cooperation between banks, commerce, police and the municipality of Skövde, which in a project has the target to reduce the use of cash by 15 % in the city during 2011. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the importance of cooperation in which different actors come together to reach a common goal, such as speed or interfere with an ongoing change, while they must meet their own interests. In this study the case of cooperation has been studied by using a qualitative approach. The methods used in this study are participant observation and a group interview as well as personal interviews. The theories underlying the study revolve around the concepts of collaboration between organizations with similar interests, changes in society, conflict and resistance to change..

The study's aim was to increase knowledge about the resistance of the Muslim religious expressions in the public sphere and its emergence on the basis of the case around the opposition to call for prayer. The study was conducted through the use of the qualitative research approach through interviews with informants who have a pronounced aversion regarding the existence of the public call to prayer in Sweden. The study's questions have been answered by an analysis of the empirical material by using different theoretical points that illustrate how Western standards are valued higher than the other, in the various standard systems. The view of the Muslim religious practices depicted by informants through an interpretative framework that is characterized by Islamophobic arguments that are considered to be incompatible with Western culture and the principles of the secular state striving. Such discourses can create an uneven distribution of power between Muslims and non-Muslims on the basis of the West's representations of Orientalism explained based in ethnocentric knowledge.

Bakgrund: typ 1-diabetes är en sjukdom som ofta drabbar personer som är under 30 år och ställer stora krav på ens egenvård. Hur ungdomar upplever och hanterar sin sjukdom är avgörande för deras egenvård och hur de klarar av att hantera sin sjukdom. Syfte: Att beskriva ungdomars upplevelser och hantering av typ 1-diabetes.Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie. Datainsamling skedde från databaserna Cinahl och Medline där nio artiklar valdes ut och granskades enligt en kvalitetsgranskningsmall. Samtliga artiklar var granskade av en etisk kommitté.

The female dog has a unique reproductive endocrinology, with high levels of progesterone throughout the 70-day long luteal phase. In this project, markers of glucose metabolism were studied and compared from the aspects of breed group and time in oestral cycle. The parameters studied were: glucose, insulin, progesterone, fructosamine and the newly introduced analysis of HbA1c. Hba1c was also further evaluated and discussed as a diagnostic tool in canine medicine.No differences in terms of glucose markers were found between a group of purebreed dogs of various breeds compared to a group of dogs with high risk of dioestrus diabetes, namely the Norwegian and Swedish elkhounds.No differences were found between the two sample occasions, anoestrus and dioestrus, concluding that there is no need for relating test results to the time of the oestrous cycle in middle-aged intact female dogs.There were statistically significant higher values of all glucose markers in diabetic dogs than in non-diabetic dogs. When it came to HbA1c, however, there was a larger overlap between the two groups, compared to fructosamine.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en kronisk sjukdom som varit känd under mycket lång tid, sjukdomen uppstår när bukspottkörteln inte producerar tillräckligt med insulin. Diabetes typ 1 har de senaste åren ökat bland barn. När ett barn insjuknar i diabetes påverkas föräldrarna. Sjukvården har då en viktig roll i att stödja föräldrarna och ge dem information.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa föräldrars upplevelser av att leva med ett barn som har diabetes typ 1.Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad på nio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Artiklarna analyserades enligt Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) kvalitativa manifesta innehållsanalys.Resultat: Fyra huvudkategorier och fem underkategorier framkom i resultatet.

Picropodophyllin (PPP) is an analogue of the anti tumour lignan podophyllotoxin with the unique ability to selectively inhibit the receptor of Insulin like growth factor 1(IGF-1). IGF-1 is believed to play an important part in development of the endometrium facing implantation. With PPP treated mice, studies can be made to measure gene expression from tissue of both treated and untreated mice to compare the role of IGF-1 regarding ovulation, implantation and receptivity. The aim of this study was to analyze gene expression of some steroid hormone receptors and cytokines in ovaries from mice treated with PPP. In this study, seven mice were treated with PPP at different times and tissue was collected.

Sweden has an active and growing culture of feminist comic book artists that use comedy as a mean of disseminating political ideas and critic. In this essay I do a reparative reading of Sara Granér?s comic book All I Want for Christmas is planekonomi in order to find out if it advocates alternative orders and/or ways of expression. By exploring what the comic book does to me as a reader and how, using the term ?skev? ? a hybrid of queer that examines normativity not strictly tied to sexuality ? and gulesque theory ? a mix of feminism, cuteness, the grotesque and riot grrrl ?, I show that the comic book, through the use of comedy, works as a trojan My Little Pony, reclaiming the girly franchise, while challenging several so-called dichotomies, such as: femininity/masculinity; youth/adult; high art/kitsch.

Because society?s demand for quality, efficiency at low cost is constantly increasing, companies are increasingly choosing to invest new methods to achieve these points. Those who manage to find ways to improve their processes are often the companies that have the greatest chance of becoming a winning player in the market. BIM is a new method that can reduce the internal costs while increasing communications between different parties. However there is disagreement about what BIM is and its purpose.

To this day, battery of women is a global problem. The aim of this paper is to examine this problem in the country that is considered to be one of the most equal countries in the world, namely Sweden. How big a problem is it, what is the social outlook of the victim and how does the Swedish justice system respond to this issue? These are some of the questions that will help to form an answer to the question if Sweden is a sanctuary for femalebatterers.Due to the resistance of implementing the entire penalty scale and the use of judicial methods, such as restraining orders and its effect on the women, the conclusion drawn from the answers is yes - Sweden is that sanctuary. The Swedish justice system is not tough enough when it comes to the abuse of women.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the degree of influence of holes in the web of steel beams with long spanson weakening of their bearing capacity. Making holes in the web of the beam generally reduces the bearing capacity of the beam. However, it might be necessary seen from both an architectural perspective as well as from a building services perspective by creating an opportunity for building installations.The objective of this thesis is to examine how much an I-beam can be weakened without sacrificing safety and functionality. The investigation has been done by using Finite Element Method through commercial software.The regulation for structural design of building structures in Sweden used to be specified in the document known as BKR. But this was replaced by the European norm Eurocode back in May 2011.