Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that is involved in several physiological functions in mammals. Mostly, Se is bound to proteins, many of them with enzymatic functions. A group of seleno-depending enzymes, glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px?s), are important as antioxidants and protects against free radicals. The activity of GSH-Px is strongly regulated by Se storage in the liver.

The main objective of this research was to study how increased arterial oxygenation by the use of Pulsed Inhaled Nitric-Oxide (PiNO) influenced the metabolic and cardiovascular parameters on horses undergoing acute abdominal surgery because of colic. The parameters blood lactate, blood glucose, pH and heart rate were evaluated before and during anesthesia and closely after recovery. The study showed that blood lactate concentrations decreased significantly during anaesthesia in horses treated with PiNO compared to non-treated horses. It was also seen that the lactate concentration decreased most in horses with the highest levels before PiNO treatment. Since enhanced oxygen extraction ratio was evident in the PiNO group, improved oxygen delivery to the tissue may be a possible explanation for the improved situation.

Bakgrund: Diabetes typ 1 är en av de vanligaste folksjukdomarna i Sverige och drabbar många unga vuxna. Diabetes typ 1 innebär att kroppen har brist på insulin och behandlingen av sjukdomen är alltid insulin. För den drabbade krävs ansvar för att kunna hantera sjukdomen så optimalt som möjligt. Unga vuxna upplever ofta att egenvården vid diabetes typ 1 ger begränsningar i det vardagligalivet. Därför är det viktigt att som vårdpersonal ge stöd till dessa unga vuxna.                                                                                                               Syfte: Belysa unga vuxnas upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 1.

Bakgrund: År 1993 identifierades adrenomedullin (ADM) som är en 52 aminosyror långmultifunktionell peptid som utsöndras och syntetiseras från flera olika organ i kroppen. Exakt hur ADM verkar och utsöndras är ännu inte helt klarlagt. Friska personer har normalt en låg ADM,koncentration men vid olika sjukdomar stiger den. ADM påverkar bl.a. hormonet insulin på olika sätt och vid sjukdomen diabetes mellitus typ 2 (DM2) är insulinkänslighet och insulinfrisättning påverkade.

Bakgrund: År 1993 identifierades adrenomedullin (ADM) som är en 52 aminosyror långmultifunktionell peptid som utsöndras och syntetiseras från flera olika organ i kroppen. Exakt hur ADM verkar och utsöndras är ännu inte helt klarlagt. Friska personer har normalt en låg ADM,koncentration men vid olika sjukdomar stiger den. ADM påverkar bl.a. hormonet insulin på olika sätt och vid sjukdomen diabetes mellitus typ 2 (DM2) är insulinkänslighet och insulinfrisättning påverkade.

Abstract Aims and objectives. To examine whether an intervention with carbohydrate- counting at onset of type 1 diabetes in children, has had any effect on metabolic indicators such as HbA1c , BMI-sds and total daily insulin / kg, 2 months and 1 year after onset by age and gender .Background. The pediatric department at the university hospital of Norrland in Umeå (NUS), has since several years a higher average HbA1c among children 0-17 years, compare with pediatric departments in the rest of Sweden.  Therefore, in autumn 2011, an intervention was made to teach children with diabetes and their parents to count carbohydrates from the onset of diabetes. Using this method they can regulate their insulin doses depending on the amount of carbohydrates they are eating.Design. This is an empirical registry study done on the basis of a quantitative method.

Bakgrund: År 1993 identifierades adrenomedullin (ADM) som är en 52 aminosyror långmultifunktionell peptid som utsöndras och syntetiseras från flera olika organ i kroppen. Exakt hur ADM verkar och utsöndras är ännu inte helt klarlagt. Friska personer har normalt en låg ADM,koncentration men vid olika sjukdomar stiger den. ADM påverkar bl.a. hormonet insulin på olika sätt och vid sjukdomen diabetes mellitus typ 2 (DM2) är insulinkänslighet och insulinfrisättning påverkade.

 Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka om det föreligger någon skillnad mellan hur personer med diabetes typ 1 med MDI- respektive IP-behandling skattar sin hälsorelaterade livskvalitet, behandlingstillfredsställelse och uppfattning av behandlingsformens påverkan på livskvaliteten. Vidare är syftet att undersöka om det föreligger någon skillnad mellan män och kvinnor, samt mellan kvinnor respektive män i MDI- respektive IP-gruppen, avseende hälsorelaterade livskvalitet, behandlingstillfredsställelse och uppfattning av behandlingsformens påverkan på livskvaliteten. Som instrument användes enkäten SF-36 samt en egenkonstruerad enkät med bakgrundsfrågor rörande skattning av behandlingstillfredsställelse och uppfattning av behandlingsformens påverkan på livskvaliteten. I MDI-gruppen deltog 40 deltagare och i IP-gruppen 37 deltagare. Studien har en deskriptiv jämförande design.

Magnesium is one of the most important minerals in the body and it participates in many essential processes, such as energy metabolism and protein synthezis. Magnesium deficiency in cattle may occur when they are let out for pasture in the spring, and is associated with tetany, known as grass staggers. A high yielding dairy cow often loses more magnesium daily in the milk than she has available in the body, and magnesium thereby needs to be provided in the feed to prevent the cow from being affected by deficiency symptoms. The uptake of magnesium is mainly located to the rumen and is not regulated by hormones. The surplus is excreted in the urine by the kidneys.

Diabetes typ 1 är en kronisk autoimmun sjukdom som innebär att insulinproduktionen i bukspottskörteln upphört. Sjukdomen kräver daglig kontroll av blodsockernivån samt tillförsel av insulin. För personen som lever med diabetes blir den dagliga utmaningen att hålla en jämn blodsockernivå för att undvika komplikationer. Andra delar av egenvården, såsom kostrestriktioner och daglig motion, måste också skötas för att motverka senkomplikationer längre fram i livet. Idag ökar diabetes typ 1, främst bland barn och ungdomar i de nordiska länderna.

In 2003 the recommended phosphorus allowance for dairy cows in Sweden was lowered approximately 10 %. For a cow at a production level of 35 kg ECM it decreased from 0,40 to 0,36 % of dry matter. To investigate if the decrease has been implemented at farm level, analysis of following minerals; P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, S, Se, Cu, Mn and Zn was performed on the TMR at 20 farms in Sweden in the summer of 2004. The purpose was to describe the actual allowance of different minerals as compared to the new recommendations. One hypothesis was that the decrease in recommended allowance of phosphorus would lead to the need of new mineral feeds on the market.

In Sweden everyone has the possibility to report deficiencies in animal welfare they encounter. They report this to the county administration in their county and such a report is called a complaint case. Complaint cases are normally handled with animal welfare inspections, carried out by animal welfare inspectors from the county administration in the county where the animal keeper with reported deficiencies lives. The county administrations in Sweden receive a lot of complaint cases that differ in grade of how severe the deficiency is. The complaint cases are given priority by how severe the deficiency seems to be.

Facebook´s importance has grown significantly regarding crisis communication. A deficiency concerning what types of companies has been investigated earlier and how their crisis communication should be carried out on Facebook, has been identified. The aim of this study is to examine the crisis communication of a smaller company on Facebook and explore how this communication has been received by the company?s recipients. We apply an explorative approach on to a case study in order to answer the aim.

Horses are grazers with a digestive system that is adapted for a high fiber diet. Forage is a fiber rich feed that includes grass and legumes. A deficiency of forage and an excess of grains may cause gut disturbances and stereotypic behavior. The aim of this literature study was to summarize information on the horse?s capacity to consume forage-only diets with focus on the horse?s need of energy and protein.

The aim of this degree project is to find out how people who have grown up in families with addiction problems have experienced their childhood and how their adult life has been affected by this. With the help of qualitative interviews with four grown up children to addicts, knowledge has been gained about what was experienced as problematic during childhood, what was beneficial and compensatory as well as how they feel today. The results have shown that their childhood was affected by a deficiency in the ability to parent, weak networks, adjusting, responsibility, a feeling of being left out and few positive experiences. Factors that have been protective are: important people, interests as well as attitude. In adult life many habits from childhood remain.