Många butiker i glesbygden har tvingats lägga ned på grund av hård konkurrens från större butiker i städer och handelscentrum. De har dock ofta en samhällviktig roll som exempelvis ombud för apotek och post och en nedläggning bör om möjligt undvikas. Minskade energikostnader resulterar i att butikers chanser att överleva ökar. Projektets syfte var att föreslå åtgärder som kan reducera energianvändningen i fyra butiker i Stockholms skärgård. En energimodell för butikerna utvecklades för att simulera energianvändningen samt effekter av åtgärder, enskilt och i paket.

Partille municipality is planning an extension of the building Forellen. Green environments in health care have been shown to improve the health of patients, especially in elderly care. This report addresses the possibility of using the leftover space in close connection to a dementia and short-term accommodation to a winter garden and a terrace. The report also analyzes the impact of these green spaces on the residents.The purpose is to find alternative answers on the issue through the study of nursing homes and green spaces, and that these may be useful for Partille municipality and inspiration for future projects. The goal is to get conclusions in to a report, drawings, and an oral presentation.The results show that the design of environments can affect human well-being and also be healing both mentally and physically.

Järn och Metall är en liten aktör inom hissbranschen och vill etablera sig som leverantör av reservdelar och utrustning till modernisering av hissar. Därför vill företaget bredda sitt utbud av produkter, för att i större utsträckning kunna erbjuda helhetslösningar för modernisering. I nuläget ingår inte ett dörrlås i produktutbudet. Därför bestämde sig Järn och Metall att utveckla ett nytt dörrlås till hissar när deras största kund Kone AB visade intresse för detta. Uppdraget att ta fram ett dörrlås föranledde examensarbetet i rapporten.

This thesis includes a mechanical engineering design work performed incollaboration between ÅF and Halmstad University. The work is done by FredyOlsson?s methods of Principle- and Primary Construction and David Ullman?stheories of Design for Assembly.The group was commissioned by ÅF to produce a concept to narrow down theassembly time of today?s luggage doors by reducing the numbers of adjustmentoptions. They also wanted it to be easier to mount the assembly by making itpossible to adjust the door in a closed position. Today luggage door takes, with its10 adjustment possibilities, around 4 hours each to assemble and ÅF wanted anassembly time around 10 minutes per door.Initially a preliminary study was made where the group began reviewing today'sconstruction and mounting of rails and doors on buses.

Considering that the current technology is constantly improving, it becomes increasingly important to have an efficient logistics in a company to maintain profitability while achieving a competitive business. Efficient logistics may be accomplished by improving the internal materials handling. In this thesis the internal material handling of steel frames has been studied at a factory in Vaggeryd. The goal of this study is to investigate the problems that exist with the current production flow of products and provide suggestions on how it can be developed to reduce unnecessary handling and movement.The study has a deductive approach where the authors has been using literature studies parallel with empirical analyzes conducted at a company to achieve the purpose of the study. Documentation from the company and interviews with staff and observations form the basis for the data collection carried out.

Local charges may induce people to change their pattern of consumption by influencing investments and acts in certain directions. Some charges could for example give people incentives to use less natural resources. This study investigates four different local charges and whether they benefit an economical management with natural resources or not. This is carried out by investigating whether there is a polarity between local charges that may influence environmental actions or goods, and effective pollution control set to achieve certain nationally determined environmental goals. The study includes two economic perspectives and investigates on the one hand whether local charges counteract governmental subsidies and on the other hand whether the charges vary between the different municipalities since large differences may lead to cost inefficiency.

The purpose of this bachelor´s report is to expand the knowledge about heat supply of a small house in Malmö. The heat supply will be provided from solar panels in combination to two accumulator tanks which will storage the up heated water and a pellet boiler.The technique used here is warmth storage in water over seasons, which will provide the total need of heating for the house. Accumulator tanks in combination to solar panels gets more and more common in Sweden but this far it´s unusual to use it for storage over seasons. This report will highlight many of the difficulties associated whit heat storage and give information about a system's possible design and function.The design of this system is decided early on. An accumulator tank is placed 2 meters down in the earth on the backside of the house.

Since 2004, wind power has had the largest Installation of new capacity compared to other energy sources in Sweden. Accommodating new wind power may require strengthening or rebuilding of the existing grid in areas where the grid is already loaded to maximum capacity. This master thesis examine the possibility of a new 400/130 kV substation in Yttermalung, Sweden, with a connection to the two neighboring regional grids in Dalarna and Värmland owned by Fortum. This substation would provide a new connection point to the Swedish transmission system as well as an interconnection of the two, currently separated, regional grids. Different expansion scenarios where a substation with and without series compensation or a phase shifting transformer (PST) to control active power flow were studied.

In Sweden there is no legal regulation for the obligations and responsibilities between the contracting parties within the construction, civil engineering and Installation sector. To clarify uncertainties regarding the liability, actors from theses sectors have agreed upon a voluntary regulation, called the General Conditions of Contract.When insurance companies want to enter the Swedish construction insurance market, they face a regulatory framework that not only regulates the construction market, it also imposes requirements on terms and conditions that must be included in the construction insurance. These terms are perceived as ambiguities and create difficulties and inhibit the ability for these insurance companies to offer competitive insurances. One of the terms that create these difficulties is the guarantee period, which is period of time starting from handing over the construction project to the employer, during this period the contractor still has the responsibility for the construction project. The guarantee period regulated by the General Condition of Contracts differs from the international use of the term both in length and in content.

Den dokumenterade nyttan med att undervisa på ett varierat vis har gjort att Uppsala universitet vill ge sina hydrologistudenter möjlighet till mera fältarbete. Detta skall göras genom att installera grundvattenrör i vilka grundvattnets nivå samt kemiska sammansättning kommer att undersökas. Detta ställer krav på att området där rören installeras har en sådan geologi och topografi så att fältarbetet blir givande. Därför eftersöks områden med egenskaper som ger variationer mellan rören. Variationer i grundvattennivå förväntas främst uppkomma av olika lagerföljder eller en lutande markyta.

The project is a practical and theoretical test of IP telephony with Skype in order to form a base for a comparison between IP-Telephony with Skype and the Public Switched Telephony Network (PSTN). PSTN is the common standard that most of us use for telephony today. The objective for the study is to simplify the choice between PSTN and IP-Telephony for the Swedish private customer user group. The project is supposed to answer the following questions. - How easy is it to start using IP-telephony with Skype? - How is the quality of IP-telephony compared to PSTN? - Are all services provided by PSTN available and accessible using the IP-solution? - How are the usability and the availability of support with IP telephony? - Is IP-telephony a cheaper solution and in that case under which circumstances? Within the project a collection of practical and theoretical tests have been performed to be able to form an opinion on the IP-solution in the following areas, Installation, function, quality, usability, costs, accessibility and security.

Av tradition förknippas landskapsarkitektur med permanenta lösningar, men under de senaste åren har den tillfälliga landskapsarkitekturen fått allt större genomslagskraft världen över. Projektens syfte, upphovsmakare, utformning, tidsspann, skala och inverkan varierar. Syftet med denna uppsats är att identifiera vad begreppet tillfällig landskapsarkitektur är samt analysera hur sådan arkitektur kan inverka på människor och städer. Tre projekt valdes ut som exempel att studera: POP UPP Café i Uppsala, Med skoven som nabo i Århus och Pallet Pavilion i Christchurch. En studie av projektens utformning och den respons de fick exemplifierar den tillfälliga landskapsarkitekturens uttryck och varierande inverkan beroende på plats, tid, sammanhang och brukare.

SammanfattningI utvecklingen av den encylindriga forsknings-diselmotorn Hatz 1H30 på TechnischeUniversität München har tidigare en ottoinsprutare använts i kombination med ettcommon rail-system som en temporär lösning. Ett common rail-system ger möjlighetenatt separera regleringen av insprutningen från de mekaniska komponenterna av motorn.En common rail-insprutare gör det möjligt att göra flera insprut varje arbetscykel ochtillhandahåller möjligheten att elektroniskt variera timingen av insprutningen.Efter att en marknadsundersökning har gjorts bland huvudtillverkarna av injektorerinköptes en Bosch CRI2 injektor från en BMW M47N-motor. Det förra cylinderhuvudetvar anpassat för en ottoinjektor och var därför tvunget att designas om. En konstruktiongjordes för att fästa injektorn och för att försluta förbränningskammaren.För att styra injektorn behövs ett flertal signaler för att utvärdera vevaxelpositionen ochbetämma insprutstimingen. Behandlingen av dessa signaler och mjukvaran för styrningvar först testade med en AFT PROtroniC motorstyrenhet för sig själv i en provrigg meden signalgenerator.

The project is a practical and theoretical test of IP telephony with Skype in order to form a base for a comparison between IP-Telephony with Skype and the Public Switched Telephony Network (PSTN). PSTN is the common standard that most of us use for telephony today. The objective for the study is to simplify the choice between PSTN and IP-Telephony for the Swedish private customer user group. The project is supposed to answer the following questions. - How easy is it to start using IP-telephony with Skype? - How is the quality of IP-telephony compared to PSTN? - Are all services provided by PSTN available and accessible using the IP-solution? - How are the usability and the availability of support with IP telephony? - Is IP-telephony a cheaper solution and in that case under which circumstances? Within the project a collection of practical and theoretical tests have been performed to be able to form an opinion on the IP-solution in the following areas, Installation, function, quality, usability, costs, accessibility and security. In order to study usability, a test group of ten persons have been used to evaluate the usability of the system.

The sun is essential to life on earth and no matter where you are, there is a constant need ofenergy. Nearly 800 000 years ago man learned for the first time to use fire in a controlled way.Since then, fire has given us the opportunity to inhabit places despite a cold climate. In Swedenthe resident sector accounts for a major part of the total consumption of energy. In a time whenenvironmental issues and greenhouse effects are increasing, we also see a future of rising energyprices. With this perspective, we have in this bachelor thesis in the Building Environment at theRoyal Institute of Technology, KTH, in Stockholm decided to focus on the renewable energysource, solar energy.The energy from solar radiation is a free resource and does not have any negative effects uponthe environment.