The purpose of the study is to investigate whether insiders generate an abnormal return compared with other investors on the Swedish Stock Market. This abnormal return is defined as the cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR). The other purpose is to investigate whether it would be profitable for ?outsiders? to mimic the transactions of insider trades. The results indicate several significant abnormal returns on insider trades, especially on buy transactions.

There are an increasing number of pupils leaving school with incomplete grades. Research indicates that the causes to this phenomenon may be individual- as well as school related and complicated to illuminate. The purpose of the study is to examine the processes of exclusion that have resulted in pupils´ incomplete degrees. Two research problems have been formulated. The first one is about the identification of exclusion and branding factors for pupils with incomplete degrees.

In a Swedish classroom today there will be students with different ethnicities, world views and religious beliefs.  The students will be taught religion through a non-denominational education, where as a teacher you are meant to be objective, open-minded and fair in the representation of different traditions. This representation is colored by the outsider-perspective and the students then learn about religion from a party which is not involved in the religion being taught. This essay discusses how to balance the outsider-perspective in religious education in the Swedish school with insider-voices. More specific, the use of Muslim websites when teaching about Islam.The material this essay studies are three Muslim websites: al-islam.se, islaminfo.se and islamguiden.se. In order to make a didactic analysis of the websites, they are compared to a standard Swedish textbook.

The purpose of our study is to find out if insiders in Sweden generate abnormal earnings through insider trades. We want to pinpoint the cause for abnormal earnings by dividing transactions after company market value, size of the trade and type of insider. A quantitative approach using the market model have been used. We have conducted an event study over two short term event windows. We conclude that insiders in Sweden generate positive abnormal earnings for sales and negative for purchases in our ?long? event window.

AbstractThis bachelor thesis deals with the close company rules in chapter 56-57 within the Swedish income tax law (IL). The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the outsider rule in 57:5 IL. If a shareholder or a family member works or have worked actively within the company within the fiscal year or the last five fiscal years then the partner has qualified shares and is to be taxed according to the special closed company rules.If an outsider, directly or indirectly, is a significant shareholder within the company, and directly or indirectly, are entitled to dividends then an active partner only has qualified shares if there is special reasons. When making the assessment regard must be made to conditions under the fiscal year or the last five fiscal years. There is special reason not to apply the rule if there are agreements regarding how the profit should be split or cross-ownerships between companies.If a taxpayer can show that an outsider own 30 percent of the closed company and has a right to dividends and there is no special reason to why the rule should not be applied then the outsider rule is applicable.

In this essay, I employ Judith Butlers theories of gender performativity to examine the construction of the monstrosity in Howard Phillips Lovecraft?s two works The Outsider and The Thing on the Doorstep. Focusing on the character?s monstrous attributes, how they are seen by themselves, by others and not least by the reader, I examine how their monstrosity is created and strengthened by dehumanizing processes. I argue that Lovecraft through his narrative technique complicates the relation between monstrosity and humanity in his characters, the result of which is a reader left to determine how monstrous, or human, the creature really is.

Vi har undersökt om det förekommer insider trading på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm, Stockholmsbörsen. Insider trading avser transaktioner som görs av personer, eller personer i deras närhet, inom ett företag som har insyn och tillgång till information som antingen är hemlig eller ännu inte hunnit kommuniceras ut till marknaden. Det finns delade meningar om huruvida insider trading är skadligt för marknadsplatsen i sin helhet. Vissa teorier påstår att bolagens kapitalkostnad ökar när insider trading förekommer medan andra säger att insiders ökar effektiviteten i marknadens prissättning. Trots svårigheten att hitta klara bevis för att insider trading påverkar övriga investerare negativt finns risken att bara misstanken kan skrämma bort övriga investerare från att handla så länge som insider trading förekommer.

Every day a large numbers of transactions occur by people with different backgrounds. Insiders? are a part of them and are considered to have an insight in companies that is not accessible to outsiders. This affects the market conditions for the participants when trading stocks, where individual participants regularly have the possibility to earn abnormal returns at the expense of others. Although Sweden, Germany and the United States continually keep developing the insider trading regulation, research shows that insiders? still have the ability to earn abnormal returns.

Kompetenta ledare är en förutsättning för framgångsrikt företagande och ledarutveckling i organisationer bidrar på så sätt till utveckling av individer för organisationers bästa. Därmed kan ledarutveckling betraktas som ett viktigt strategiskt verktyg för att organisationer ska kunna utnyttja sina ledare på bästa möjliga sätt. Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att bidra till vidare forskning kring hur kompetensutveckling och socialisering sker i traineeprogram. Vi har valt att samla in vårt empiriska material genom kvalitativa intervjuer och undersökningen har utförts i form av en fallstudie av Lantmännens traineeprogram. Vårt resultat har visat att det finns en tydlig koppling mellan socialisering och effektiv kompetensutveckling i traineeprogram.

Kompetenta ledare är en förutsättning för framgångsrikt företagande och ledarutveckling i organisationer bidrar på så sätt till utveckling av individer för organisationers bästa. Därmed kan ledarutveckling betraktas som ett viktigt strategiskt verktyg för att organisationer ska kunna utnyttja sina ledare på bästa möjliga sätt. Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att bidra till vidare forskning kring hur kompetensutveckling och socialisering sker i traineeprogram. Vi har valt att samla in vårt empiriska material genom kvalitativa intervjuer och undersökningen har utförts i form av en fallstudie av Lantmännens traineeprogram. Vårt resultat har visat att det finns en tydlig koppling mellan socialisering och effektiv kompetensutveckling i traineeprogram.

With the end of the Cold War the number of conflicts where the United Nations have intervened has increased dramatically. This has entailed a need for a burden-sharing between the UN and regional organizations regarding management of conflicts. The aim of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the effectiveness and the efficiency in the efforts undertaken by ECOWAS and the UN during the civil war in Sierra Leone, through using theories on conflict resolution and the advantages of regional organizations in conflict resolution.My conclusion is that both ECOWAS and the UN were quite successful in managing the conflict and had an impact on the resolution of the war, although both peace operations suffered from internal problems. ECOWAS was effective in managing the conflict and in its mediating efforts as an insider from the region. The UN was more efficient in managing to attain their goals.

The purpose of this paper is to compare two different portfolio strategies consisting of insider transactions and stock recommendations and examine whether they posses any information advantage.  The portfolios are balanced once every three-, six- and twelve- months in the period of 2007-2009. Our results show a pattern for these investment strategies. The portfolio consisting of insider transactions generates a positive return in equity in a negative market environment and the opposite reaction in a positive environment. The result for the portfolio consisting of stock recommendations show a positive return of equity in positive environment and the opposite effect in negative environment. The pattern that has been observed can be classified as an anomaly.

Idag avlöser organisationsförändringar varandra och behovet av inhyrda managementkonsulter och förändringsledare har därmed haft en ansenlig tillväxt. Det finns många delade uppfattningar om vad rollen som extern förändringskonsult innebär, samt vilken roll konsulten ska ta i en förändringsprocess. Konsulten skall dels vara en extern och objektiv part, samtidigt som de har krav på sig att kunna hantera känslor, vara anpassningsbar, ansvarstagande samt ha förmågan att vårda relationer till klienter. Syftet med denna studie är att genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie med sju förändringskonsulter från fyra konsultfirmor beskriva hur externa förändringskonsulter själva ser på sin roll och hur de hanterar dessa tvetydiga krav som ställs på dem. Studien visar att förändringskonsulterna har en tydligare bild av sin roll, än vad forskning framlägger.

Erik Andersson: Utanför Murarna: En studie av Ulf Lundells och rockkulturens outsiderpositionering. Uppsala universitet: Institutionen för musikvetenskap, 2007.The main aim of this essay is to show how the artist Ulf Lundell presents himself as someone with an outsider's view of life. This also includes showing that this aspiration is a common one among artists in the rock culture.The aim was reached by studying texts, lyrics, interviews, articles of and with Lundell and then applying theories about authenticity and performativity on this material. In order to put this in a context I looked at a similar material but with a much broader perspective, artists from different countries, genres and eras is here included.The conclusion of this study is that a kind of norm system in the rock culture has developed and Lundell is acting accordingly to these rules. The outsider position has become an important ingredient in Lundell's persona and this position can also be seen as a given norm in the wider context.

Sweden, being a multicultural society, has an increased need for transcultural care. The purpose of this literature review is to provide, through Madeleine Leinger's Culture Care-theory and her Sunrise model, a greater knowledge to nurses and to other professions within the health care units in meeting with circumcised or genitally mutilated girls or women. The result is based upon two scientific dissertations and nine scientific studies. It emerged mainly the etic (outsider) perspective. To underline the emic (insider) perspective, pure literature and fiction have been used.