This Bachelor paper deals with skeletal diseases like osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. 24 medieval individuals from the block Banken 1 in Visby, Gotland were chosen for an osteological analysis. Osteoporosis affects the bone with low bone mineral density and can lead to possible fractures and Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease. A DEXA reading was done at Dr. Roland Alvarssons Doctorial practice in Visby and the results from the DEXA reading showed that none of the individuals suffered from osteoporosis, but one suffered from osteopenia.

Introduktion: Patienter med IBS är en relativt stor patientgrupp som ger upphov till många möten ivården. Dock uttrycker patienter stor brist på förståelse, frustration över sin situation samt behov avstrategier att hantera sin sjukdom. Syfte: Att fördjupa förståelsen för hur patienter med IBSupplever möten i vården och skapa en sammanfattande bild för hur dessa patienter bör bemötas.Metod: En systematisk analys av kvalitativ forskning. Sju artiklar inkluderades, analyserades ochsyntetiserades. Resultat: Genom syntetisering framkom tre teman som fördjupade förståelsen förhur patienter med IBS dels upplever sig själva och dels upplever möten i vården vilket sammantagetskapade en bild av hur dessa patienter bör bemötas; Patienternas upplevelser av sig själva sompatienter, Behovet av att bli bekräftad i vården (bekräfta diagnos och bekräfta besvären) ochBehovet av personcentrerade åtgärder (lärande och stöd).

The heterosis effect and breed group effect of crossbreds between Swedish Holstein (SH) and Swedish Red (SRB) was estimated in this study. Observations on cows born between 1990 and 2012 were used to estimate the heterosis effect and breed group effect for several traits included in the Nordic breeding goals: production, fertility, udder health, calving performance, survival and other diseases. Breeding within the Holstein dairy breed has earlier been focused on increased milk production and conformation. This, combined with an intensive use of individual animals, has resulted in a radical increase of milk yield in the Holstein dairy cow population all over the world. However, this breeding strategy has resulted in increased inbreeding and several functional traits have impaired.

Serum thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) activity is used as a tumor marker in disease monitoring in veterinary and human medicine. TK1, an intracellular enzyme, is involved in a salvage pathway of DNA precursor synthesis. TK1 is used in DNA precursor production by catalyzing the transfer of the gamma-phosphate-group from a phosphate-donor to the 5?- hydroxyl-group of thymidine forming thymidine-monophosphate. Nucleoside monophosphosphates are finally converted into thymidine-triphosphates. TK1 activity significantly rises in the G1 and the S phase of the cell cycle.

Cancer is one of the most common diseases and it affects not only adults but also many adolecents and children every year. Those who are affected of disease face many challenges that will affect their lives. The aim of this literature review was to illuminate adolecents experience of cancer and how it affects them in their daily living. The result showed that the adolecents experience many physical and mental side-effects from disease and treatment. They expressed the need of information, support and understanding from their families, friends, school and care givers.

This literature study assembles current knowledge about CODD (Contagious Ovine Digital Dermatitis). The aetiology of this disease is not completely known and to obtain a manageable overview, this study aims to summarize the knowledge from published studies and shed light on the subject. Search for literature on the subject has been made in the Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar, and has been compiled in this paper. Footrot and ovine interdigital dermatitis are differential diagnosis of CODD and they possibly have a common role in the emergence of CODD. Several studies have drawn parallels to bovine digital dermatitis.

Cancer is one of the most common diseases and it affects not only adults but also many adolecents and children every year. Those who are affected of disease face many challenges that will affect their lives. The aim of this literature review was to illuminate adolecents experience of cancer and how it affects them in their daily living. The result showed that the adolecents experience many physical and mental side-effects from disease and treatment. They expressed the need of information, support and understanding from their families, friends, school and care givers.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) är en vanligt förekommande funktionell tarmsjukdom och det finns studier som visar på att 25 procent av befolkningen lider av den. IBS är en kronisk sjukdom som inte går att diagnostisera med hjälp av undersökningar utan bygger på patientens anamnes och att utesluta andra sjukdomar. Forskning visar att det inom sjukvården saknas förståelse och empati för patienter med IBS och hur sjukdomen påverkar deras livsvärld. Därför känns det väsentligt att ta reda på mer om hur patienter med IBS erfar sin vardag och vilka problem som kan uppstå på grund av sjukdomen. Syftet är att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att leva med en funktionell tarmsjukdom som IBS.

Since long, Sweden has had exceptionally low calf mortality compared to most other countries. The tradition has been to keep calves in individual pens. With increasing number of cows per herd there is now a larger interest in more efficient and economical group systems for housing calves. However it has been noticed that bigger herds have more health problems and higher calf mortality than smaller herds. The early signs of disease are harder to detect when the animals are not fed manually.

Introduktion: Irritable Bowel Syndrome, IBS, är den vanligaste funktionella mag-tarmsjukdomen i västvärlden med en prevalens på cirka 15-20 % i befolkningen. IBS är generellt sett dubbelt så vanligt förekommande hos kvinnor som hos män och majoriteten som drabbas är kvinnor under 40 år. Behandling med låg FODMAP-kost är den mest effektiva kostbehandlingen vid IBS. Det finns få kvalitativa studier om IBS och behandling med låg FODMAP-kost och det behövs en ökad förståelse av hur det är att leva med IBS och behandlas med en låg FODMAP-kost.Syfte: Få förståelse om en grupp IBS-diagnostiserade kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med sjukdomen och behandlingen med låg FODMAP-kost.Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ forskningsdesign med semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod för insamling av data. Fem kvinnor med IBS mellan 22-34 år deltog i enskilda intervjuer varpå intervjuerna transkriberades och utgjorde underlag för en tematisk analys.Resultat: Samtliga informanter upplevde att deras välbefinnande ökat markant efter påbörjad behandling med låg FODMAP-kost.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer diseases among women worldwide. Breast cancer brings fear into many womens? life. It is a threat against life, but also to the psychological health, self-esteem and the female identity. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe newly breast cancer patient?s perception of information provided by healthcare personnel.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) meloxicam in connection with dehorning of goat kids. Six 2-3,5 weeks old dehorned kids were given daily intramuscular injections of meloxicam (0,5 mg/kg; MG) and five age-matched dehorned kids were given isotonic NaCl (NG) for 3 days. The study was randomized and double blinded. The behavior of the kids was studied one day before dehorning, on the dehorning day and three days after. Blood samples were collected each day before the treatment and analyzed for plasma concentrations of meloxicam, hematocrit, cortisol, progesterone and glucose.

This paper shortly describes the coronavirus family, bovine corona viruses (BCV) properties and two diseases that BCV causes, winter dysentery and calf diarrhoea. The purpose of the study was to compare different diagnostic methods to detect BCV. Different methods are discussed, PCR, ELISA, immunofluorescense and virus isolation. Investigations were made in three different herds with winter dysentery; one dairy cattle farm with about 100 cows of different ages, one testing station for bulls with about 150 bulls and another small dairy cattle farm with 26 cows and 20 replacement heifers and calves. Faeces and nasal swabs were analysed with PCR and ELISA. The result shows that PCR seems to be a reliable method for detecting BCV but that the ELISA test can not be used as a reliable diagnostic method to analyse samples from animals with winter dysentery..

Background: Diabetes mellitus Type 1 is one of the most common chronicle diseases in childhood. This signifies big changes in the daily life for the child and its family. Aim: The aim of the study was to illustrate the family?s situation when the child falls ill in Type 1 diabetes. Method: The search for literature has been done both manually and in databases.

The aim of this report is to create an easily accessible guide to basic hygiene, cleaning and disinfection within the small animal practice. It is based on a literature study, using mainly research from the public health sector, due to the lack of relevant scientific reports within the veterinary field. To prevent the spread of infectious diseases it is important that the staff understands the importance of basic hygiene. Hand hygiene and disinfection and cleaning with water and detergent combined are the most important routines to prevent spreading of disease. In conclusion the differences between the veterinary and the public health sector are small, but some basic differences exist due to the nature of the patient?s needs.