Thoroughbred racehorses have suffered from exercise-induced haemorrhage for over 300 years. Almost all competing horses develop exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) at some point but most horses don?t suffer from reduced competing capacity due to the disease. The cause of the exercise-induced haemorrhage is unknown. The most believed theory today is that EIPH is induced by pulmonary stress failure caused by pressure over 100 mmHg in the pulmonary arteries during exercise.

Nursing and care for the pregnant bitch and her neonatal puppies is an important part of the animal nursing profession either if it concerns normal reproductionphysiology, pregnancies, diseases or complications at home of the animalowner. This piece of work gives a guidance of what a Veterinary nurse at a clinic should have in mind while given treatments, complications and normal physiology with the bitch and her neonatal puppies in order to be able to perform a professional cooperation with the veterinary surgeon at emergency teatmentcases and to make the animal owners satisfied with enough knowledge to answer their questions about the subject..

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases, causing an ascending paralysis that usually kills the patient within a few years from disease onset. The motor neurons show aggregates of proteins which in approximately 20 % of cases of the familial form contain mutated SOD1 protein. Trehalose is a disaccharide which has been shown to reduce protein aggregation and increase viability in cell models and alleviate symptoms in animal models of several neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein aggregation. When given orally to the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, trehalose failed to slow down the disease progression, which has led to questions about the uptake and distribution of the molecule in this mouse strain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether significant levels of trehalose reach the central nervous system of the SOD1G93A mouse after oral administration. This was performed by a trehalose assay of the brain of trehalose treated animals. A glucose assay was optimised for use in small samples of brain lysate after the digestion of trehalose into glucose by trehalase, and the difference in glucose concentration before and after digestion represented the trehalose level.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Is pricing a way to affect share of fruits and vegetables in a diet?Author: Maria PopovSupervisor: Heléne Bertéus ForslundExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 23, 2013Background: Fruits and vegetables (FV) are important for health, including occurrence of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Said diseases cause most cases of illness and death in high-income countries. Only a small part of the population achieves the FV-intake goal, so a higher FV-intake is desirable. Besides general information campaigns there is another method of influencing what people might buy.Objective: To examine whether different pricing is connected to FV-intake or ?purchase.Search strategy: Databases PubMed, Scopus and Summon were searched with ?vegetable consumption", "price/pricing policy" and "food choice? in different combinations.Selection criteria: Studies performed after year 2000 on at least 18 years old persons from North America, Europe or Australia, examining changes in FV-price and -purchase.

Today there are over 100 000 stray cats in Sweden and of these 10 000 are found in Gothenburg. There are several instances that try to reduce the number of stray cats. The problem for stray cats is primarily the suffering they may face in hunger, cold, predators, diseases, parasites, accidents, etc. The cats receive no veterinary care and may die from a simple infection that easily can be cured with antibiotics. Stray cats also can spread diseases to domestic cats, be a sanitary problem and compete with other small predators on prey. Authorities working with stray cats are the Country Administrative Board and the police authority.

5-hydroxytryptamin (5-HT) is biochemically derived from Tryptophan. Kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid are also known metabolites of tryptophan. 5-HT is considered to play a role in depression and today selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used for treatment of depression. 5-HT may also play a role in pain perception. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a supplement of tryptophan may affect conditions such as depression and/or pain.

Bakgrund: Forskningen har visat att humor är ett socialt fenomen som kan ses som ett universellt språk. Den har visat sig påverka en rad faktorer positivt, däribland vårdmiljön, relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient samt patientens hälsa. Humor är inte enbart positivt i en vårdkontext, däremot finns det tillfällen då den bör undvikas.Syfte: Syftet är att belysa användandet av humor i mötet mellan sjuksköterska och patient.Metod: Examensarbetet är en litteraturöversikt där tio vetenskapliga artiklar valts ut, skillnader och likheter har identifierats och slutligen sammanställts.Resultat: Resultatet består av tre huvudteman: Humorns inverkan på avdelningens vårdatmosfär, interaktion mellan sjuksköterska och patient samt humorns effekter. Under huvudtemat interaktion mellan sjuksköterska och patient hittades två underkategorier: kommunikation mellan sjuksköterska och patient samt förlorade tillfällen till humor. I huvudtemat humorns effekter hittades underkategorierna: humor som strategi samt humor som lindring.Diskussion: I resultatdiskussionen följer en diskussion där resultatet implementeras i Travelbees omvårdnadsteori, Human-to-Human Relationship Theory, men också hur ny forskning förhåller sig till resultatet.

The aim of this study was to investigate how maternity and child care was carried out at Regional Hospital in Morogoro, Tanzania as well as how it was perceived by mothers and children. The study was conducted with a qualitative method through observation and interviews. The results of the study showed that the staff knew what they were doing and how they should treat their patients and that they helped them without thinking about preventive measures. The study concluded that people wanted to seek the care provided at the hospital and some people stated that they had confidence in the staff. The people that came to the hospital sought care for various diseases and conditions and they all got medical attention of some sort.

Pyometra, chronic purulent metritis in metoestrus, is a common disease in intact bitches. About 25% of all bitches in Sweden have contracted the disease before ten years of age. Clinical signs of the disease are varied, and the course may be either slow or acute. The diagnosis is most commonly made by radiographical or ultrasonographical examination of the abdomen in combination with blood biochemical and hematological analyses. The safest and most efficient treatment of pyometra is surgical ovariohysterectomy.There is room for improvement of both diagnostic tools and possible prognostic indicators for pyometra.Mast cells are large leucocytes, with granule that contain inflammatory mediators.

The cat has become a popular pet. To secure a prosperous cat-human relationship, the cat owner has to understand what kind of animal the cat is and what requirements need to be fulfilled. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize kittens? needs of socialization, anthelmintics, nutrition, vaccination and gonadectomy, until the age of six months and to give the cat owner information on how to care for the cat during this period. Articles were search for in ScienceDirect, Primo and Scopus.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, where joints are attacked by the own immune system, leading to chronic inflammation and destruction of bone and cartilage. Inflammation is a complex process, controlled by many different substances. One of them is adenosine, which has anti-inflammatory properties. In this project, three polymorphisms in different genes, involved in synthesis and signaling of adenosine, were genotyped for 188 patients with RA and 362 controls without RA. The results shows that for the polymorphism in A2a, a gene coding for an adenosine receptor, there was no significant difference in genotype distribution between the groups.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that manifests as an increased level of glucose in the blood. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 347 million people have diabetes worldwide. In year 2004, 3.4 million people died from the consequences of high blood glucose. In the Swedish population the prevalence of diabetes is estimated to 3-4 %, out of which 85-90% are Type 2. Among senior citizens a prevalence of diabetes is seen in Sweden up to 14 - 15%.

Bakgrund: Parenteral nutrition kan ges vid i stort sett alla tillstånd när magtarmkanalen ej fungerar eller kan utnyttjas tillfredställande. Benigna tarmsjukdomar, t ex Morbus Crohn eller short bowel syndrome av annan anledning är den vanligaste orsaken till HPN (home parenteral nutrition). En europeisk studie från 1997 visar att incidensen för HPN i Danmark är 2,8 patienter/miljoner invånare/år. Vanligen är patienten uppkopplad till HPN-utrustningen 12-14 timmar/dygn. WHO (World Health Organisation) har utarbetat en definition av livskvalitet; ?Quality of life is defined as individuals? perceptions of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns.? Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka och beskriva hur patienter med parenteral nutrition i hemmet upplever sin livssituation och behandlingens inverkan på livskvaliteten.

ABSTRACT. In the late 1960?s all the wolves in Scandinavia went extinct in the wild due to extensive hunting. In 1983 two new wolves immigrated and founded, together with a third immigrant in 1991, the population that exists today. Due to the fact that the population originates from less than a handful of individuals, the genetic variation is small.

The results from 13 interviews and one opinion poll answered by resident physicians were interpreted as stories about identity as primary material for this thesis. The resident physicians stress the importance of considering whether their work primarily concerns curing people from diseases or if the process of working with sick people also includes how to handle the pressure of work, either by adapting to it or changing it, and the search for balance between work and private life. Residents separate themselves from older physicians by saying that younger physicians accentuate empathy to a greater extent while older physicians emphasise a high work load. Identity seems to effect how the residents perceive and relate to their work, themselves as residents and different types of patients..