Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia. The individual who fall ill can be in an age between 40-65 years old. When dementia affects individuals at this age, many relatives take their responsibility for taking care of them at home for a long time.The aim of this study was to illustrate emotions relatives experienced when a close family member's suffering from Alzheimer's disease. The study was intended to show relatives emotions, and therefor four self-biographies were chosen to read. The method used to analyze was a narrative literature review.

Gastric ulcer is a common disease among pigs in the whole world where an intensiveproduction occurs. It is mainly the upper region, the nonglandular region of the stomach thatis affected. Gastric ulceration is a disease with several risk factors. The factor that seems tohave the largest impact on the development of gastric ulceration is a small particle size of thefeed. The reported prevalence of gastric ulceration differs from 5 to 100 % and it is a largeherd-to-herd variation.

Since early civilization, herbal tea has been used as remedies for an abundance of different diseases. Among these herbal remedies, peppermint (Mentha piperita) was used for its effect on bowel related ailments. Even though peppermint was not described until late 17th century, it has been used since 1000 years before Christ by the Egyptians. In present day it is still considered a remedy for stomach pain etcetera, and much of the recent research is concentrated on the positive effects of peppermint on pain and bowel diseases. A large section of the research is also reviewing positive effects of peppermint on cancer, allergy and also on its potential as antibacterial agent.

Gastric ulcer is a common disease among pigs in the whole world where an intensiveproduction occurs. It is mainly the upper region, the nonglandular region of the stomach thatis affected. Gastric ulceration is a disease with several risk factors. The factor that seems tohave the largest impact on the development of gastric ulceration is a small particle size of thefeed. The reported prevalence of gastric ulceration differs from 5 to 100 % and it is a largeherd-to-herd variation.

Background: Elderly people with visual impairment increases in the society. To measure vision with visual acuity charts doesn?t indicate how patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) experience their disease. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to describe patients? experiences of living with age-related macular degeneration.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a root crop that plays an important role in many households in Africa. It is sometimes called ?Africa´s food insurance?. The advantages with the crop are that cassava is drought-resistant and it can grow in a semi-dry land. It is a perennial crop and does not require much labor.

Bakgrund: Avföringsproblemen förstoppning, avföringsinkontinens och irritabel tarm är vanliga åkommor hos människor i det västerländska samhället. Alla tre har liknande symtom och problematik. Åkommorna påverkar hela människan inte bara den fysiska kroppen. Få studier har fokuserat på människors upplevelse av att leva med avföringsproblem. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva hur människor med avföringsproblem upplever sin livssituation.

Gastric ulcer is a common disease among pigs in the whole world where an intensiveproduction occurs. It is mainly the upper region, the nonglandular region of the stomach thatis affected. Gastric ulceration is a disease with several risk factors. The factor that seems tohave the largest impact on the development of gastric ulceration is a small particle size of thefeed. The reported prevalence of gastric ulceration differs from 5 to 100 % and it is a largeherd-to-herd variation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the attitude towards African swine fever (ASF) primarily among smallholder pig farmers but also among other actors along the pork value chain in Gulu district, Uganda. More specifically, the study aimed to investigate the specific challenges facing both farmers and other members of the pork value chain using participatory epidemiology (PE). ASF is a feared viral disease of pigs associated with high mortality, which is endemic in many parts of Africa. The recent history of Gulu district in Northern Uganda can be described as turbulent and the human population has suffered during decades of war and civil unrest. Pig keeping is considered a potential opportunity for business as well as a way of providing more animal protein in the diet. However, this is threatened by ASF as farmers can lose entire herds due to the disease. This study can confirm some previously known factors and risk activities such as the free range system of pigs and movement of pigs and pork during ongoing outbreaks, which make disease control difficult.

Identity includes an individual´s self-image and the consciousness about their self. It is about being the same person despite changes in their life situation. The identity often get´s fragile because of the disease. Beacuse of the individual´s feeling of lost identity there may arise a conflict between the person and people in his or her surroundings. They may no longer see the sick person in the same way as they used to.

Bakgrund: Att leva med Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) innebär en stor utmaning i det vardagliga livet. Personerna kan bli funktionshindrade på grund av de livslånga symtomen som IBS medför trots att IBS i sig inte är livshotande. Många personer med IBS upplever idag att information om egenvård från sjukvården är bristfällig, att de inte blir tagna på allvar, och att deras egna upplevelser förbises. Eftersom sjuksköterskan kommer i kontakt med dessa personer i sin yrkesutövning kan det anses vara användbart att ha kunskaper om dessa personers upplevelser för att bättre kunna bemöta dem och öka deras välbefinnande och livskvalitet.Syfte: Syftet var att belysa personers upplevelser av att leva med Irritable Bowel Syndrome.Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats som baserades på sju artiklar och analyserades enligt Graneheim och Lundmans tolkning av innehållsanalys.Resultat: I resultatet framkom fem kategorier av upplevelser; Olika känslouttryck, att acceptera den förändrade vardagen, önskan om förståelse och stöd, påverkan på integritet och självkänsla och social isolering och utanförskap.Slutsats: Denna studie har visat att personer med IBS har ett behov av att bli förstådda av sjukvården. Sjuksköterskan kan genom att öka sin kunskap om personers livsvärld och upplevelser av att leva med IBS bidra till att fler personer får stöd och hjälp från sjukvården.

Fusarium graminearum is one of the most important pathogens on cereals and causes major crop losses around the world. The most cultivated cereal in Sweden is winter wheat. F. graminearum produces both sexual and asexual spores for dispersal. Multiple factors affect the production of these spores.

In this essay dog as a compatible model were put against human. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes were compared between dogs, human, cat and mouse. To evaluate dog as a model and study similarities and differences was the aim with this review. Dog as a model contributes to understand mechanisms behind autoimmune diseases and showed clearly histological similarities between human and dogs concerning the skin disease mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP)/cicatricial pemphgioid (CP). Further genetic evidence motivated the choice of using dog as a comprehensive model when the MHC-complex correlated with hypothyroiditis in Doberman dog as it does in human. Physiological similarities with low levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) together with high level of thyroid releasing hormone (TSH) were found in the same way as in human.

Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison´s disease) results from insufficient production of glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid hormones from the adrenal glands. The disease is often difficult to diagnose in an early stage because of the multitude of associated vague clinical signs. The standard poodle is one breed presupposed to be at higher risk of developing the disease. The purpose of this study was to give a review of canine hypoadrenocorticism as described in literature, and to characterise Addison´s disease in a population of standard poodles in Sweden. Statistics on incidenceproportions by breed for hypoadrenocorticism from the database of the Swedish insurance company Agria are presented.

The histiocytic diseases are generally rare in dogs and not much is known about the disease. The disease complex that includes both a reactive form and a tumour form, is however common in certain breeds, among them the Bernese Mountain Dog. As the literature is very limited on the subject of histiocytic diseases, my aim with this thesis has been to gather current knowledge of these diseases. I have also attempted to estimate the frequency of the diseases among the Swedish Bernese Mountain Dogs and investigate if they appear to be more common among certain families..