Energy Director is a control and measuring system for energy consumption and is part of the product portfolio of E.ON AG for more efficient use of energy, offered to business customers. As of today, the system has only one parameter of control, namely power, and the objective of this essay has been to investigate whether other ones could be added. The emphasis is on the environmental perspective, which is why carbon dioxide has served as an example for this parameter in question.Parallel with the study of Energy Director electricity on the margin, calculations of carbon dioxide equivalents and also the Swedish trade of electricity have all been highlighted. Results indicate that when reductions in energy are made it is endorsed to omit from electricity on the margin rather than some mean distributed electricity, under certain conditions, and in addition the calculations of the reductions should be modified regarding the efficiency of the power stations fuelled by lignite and bituminous coal. Sweden practices trade with the Nordic countries as well as Poland and Germany.

Sheep breeding contributes not only with wool, hides, meat and milk but also with openlandscapes. The sheep?s wool is a good raw material thanks to a lot of different qualities as itis water rejecting and easy to form. The wool production today is concentrated to specificplaces in the world which leads to environmental problems and a distorted market. InJämtland, a province in Sweden, there is right now a staking going on for local production andrefining of wool in a project called Ullforum.

According to the EC fuel regulations 2 % bio fuel has to be blended in all fuel by the year 2005, and 5.75 % by the year 2010, which means ethanol for gasoline driven vehicles, so there will be a substantial demand for ethanol. Brazil already has an established industry for producing ethanol and is the leading producer and exporter of fuel ethanol. My purpose with this paper is to investigate why Brazil decided to develop ethanol production on a large-scale operation and to find out today?s situation. Focus will mainly be on ethanol production with sugarcane as a feedstock.

Sheep breeding contributes not only with wool, hides, meat and milk but also with openlandscapes. The sheep?s wool is a good raw material thanks to a lot of different qualities as itis water rejecting and easy to form. The wool production today is concentrated to specificplaces in the world which leads to environmental problems and a distorted market. InJämtland, a province in Sweden, there is right now a staking going on for local production andrefining of wool in a project called Ullforum.

Meticillinresistenta Staphylococcus aureus är ett växande problem inom hästmedicinen och orsakar svårbehandlade infektioner världen över. Resistensen utvecklas genom att stafylokocker erhåller en gen, mecA, som ändrar ?-laktamantibiotikas målstruktur. Idag är MRSA-utbrott vanligt i många länder, men hittills har vi i Sverige inte konstaterat mer än 20 fall på häst. Risken för att fler fall kommer att upptäckas i framtiden är dock stor på grund av Import av hästar och smittspridning via människor. Ett oerhört viktigt moment vid misstanke om MRSA-infektion är var man ska provta och hur man bör odla, typa och namnge de olika isolaten.

The Library of Uppsala University has decided to change their classification system from the Swedish SAB system to the American Dewey Decimal Classification. One of the main reasons for this decison was that Kungliga biblioteket also has made an exchange between these systems. Due to that, the national bibliography of Sweden classifies Swedish documents according to Dewey Decimal Classification and the SAB system is no longer maintained. A transition to Dewey Decimal Classification will enable Swedish librarians to Import foreign catalouge posts and classification codes and will provide them with a common standard between their libraries and other libraries due to the use of the same international classification system. It is disputed whether the Dewey Decimal Classification is equally suitable for all subjects.

Harmonisering av punktskatter har skett främst genom Rådets direktiv 92/12/EEG om allmänna regler för punktskattepliktiga varor och om innehav, flyttning och övervakning av sådana varor, det s k cirkulationsdirektivet. Cirkulationsdirektivets bestämmelser innebär att varorna i och för sig blir skattepliktiga när de produceras inom EU eller förs in till EU, men att de kan cirkulera fritt inom gemenskapen utan beskattningskonsekvenser. Varorna hanteras under s k suspension. För privatpersoners inköp för eget bruk, PrivatImport, gäller dock att varan punktbeskattas i inköpslandet. Denna problematik aktualiserades i det uppmärksammade ?Man in Black-fallet? då det ej var fråga om privatImport i direktivets bemärkelse då varorna personligen måste föras över gränsen för att de skulle kunna punktbeskattas i inköpslandet.

In public relations and marketing, lawsuits traditionally connote crisis. The purpose of this study is to explore the design and critical considerations concerning risks and opportunities when companies voluntarily initiate lawsuits with the partial aim to get publicity in the mass media. In the following paper, the communicative aspects of two such Swedish cases in the European Court of Justice are studied?a large corporation challenging the Swedish monopoly on gambling and a small company challenging the government on their restrictions for individuals to Import alcoholic beverages. The case studies have been conducted through interviews, analysis of legal acts and press articles.

Competition of spruce fiber raw materials has increased dramatically in the last few years, leading to the fact that transportation costs in the current situation represents a much larger share of the total raw material cost. The Holmen-owned pulp industry Hallsta Paper Mill's location on the coast also constitutes a problem, because of the lack of raw material, which is much larger there, than for a pulp mill located in the hinterland. For a coastal industry it?s therefore natural to Import much of the raw material by boat or to buy it from the timber terminals, in order to maintain good profitability. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the size of Hallsta Paper Mill timber supply area, without competition, with competition and with terminal use, affects the company ?s transport costs.

As for today, a large quantity of protein feeds is Imported from other countries to be used in the Swedish dairy production. The main Import is soya from Brazil. The soya-production in Brazil results in negative consequences for the natural environment in the area, and the long transport of the feeds requires a lot of energy. The organic dairy production in Sweden is, with the highest probability going to be forced to use 100 % organic feed to the cows in the year 2005, due to new EU-rules. These are some of the causes why there are reasons to look closer at the possibilities to feed Swedish cows with only Swedish feeds. In this study, I have looked at the KRAV-rules for organic feeding, where the goal is feeding with only KRAV-approved feeds.

I dagens transporteffektiva samhälle finns det en mängd aktörer på transportmarknaden. Dessa aktörer konkurrerar med varandra då det gäller att knyta till sig kunder och behålla dessa. Det är därför viktigt att hitta alternativa tillvägagångssätt för att hitta nya konkurrensfördelar. Syftet med studien har varit att stödja speditionsföretaget Mahé i att förbättra och effektivisera företagets processer, Import ? flyg och Export ? flyg, med utgångspunkt i kundnyttan, genom att ta fram ett antal förbättringsförslag.

During the summer of 2005 more than 80 million articles of clothing from China, were being held in European harbours. This was a consequence of a striking increase of Imported textile and clothing articles from China since the turn of the year, which was the time when all quantitative restrictions were extincted on these products. To protect its own market, the EU therefore reintroduced Import quotes in the beginning of the summer. China?s accession agreement to the WTO comprehends a number of unique provisional regulations which are exceptional for the country and in conjunction with clauses and exceptions within the GATT and WTO these regulations enabled new restrictions on the trade with textiles and clothings.

Importerad soja är vanligt att använda i hästfoder som en proteinkälla, men de negativa effekterna på miljön som orsakas av odling och transport skapar ett intresse för inhemska alternativ. De inhemska proteinfodermedel som tagits upp i litteraturstudien är torkad vetedrank, potatisprotein, foderjäst, drav, ärtor, åkerbönor samt mjöl och expeller från raps och linfrö. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att se vilka möjligheter det finns att använda svenska proteinfodermedel till hästfoder vid bristande proteinhåll i grovfodret, istället för att ge dem Importerad soja. Studien beaktar olika proteinfodermedel och huruvida de är lämpliga för olika hästkategorier, samt hästars behov av protein och specifika aminosyror. Även begränsande faktorer som anti-nutrionella substanser har belysts, samt miljöpåverkan och odlingsmöjligheterna av olika proteinfodermedel i Sverige.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att studera hur svenska små- och medelstora tillverkningsföretag eventuellt påverkas i tider då den svenska valutakursen fluktuerar och förstärks kraftigt. Vidare har målet med uppsatsen varit att studera om, och i så fall hur dessa företags internationella konkurrenskraft och strategier påverkats som en effekt av den svenska valutakursens fluktuationer. Den teoretiska referensramen inkluderar huvudsakligen teorier som behandlar företags strategi och internationella konkurrenskraft. Dessa teorier har vi använt med målet att studera och förklara hur företag hanterar den svenska valutakursens fluktuationer för att bibehålla sin internationella konkurrenskraft. Vidare så har vi försökt finna samband mellan hur dessa förändrats under tid inom företaget och om utvecklingen kan förklaras med utvecklingen av den svenska valutakursen som påverkande faktor.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relation between certain chosen fundamental factors (emission trading rights, hydrological balance, interaction with continental Europe, fuel prices) and the spot price at Nord Pool. Particular focus has been put on the trade with emission rights since it is only now their actual impact on electricity prices can be studied. The relationships are measured with regression analysis which includes both R2 and the simulation possibilities of ARX models. The studied period covers 2008 and 2009 with partly daily data and partly weekly data. Owing to the expected higher Importance of the fundamentals during the winter months the winter 2008/2009 has been studied separately.