1januari 1994 infördes producentansvaret i Sverige, vilket syftar till att massaproducenter samt importörer, tillverkare och försäljare av wellpappförpackningar gemensamt skall se till att wellpappen återvinns. Producentansvaret stipulerar att minst 65% av wellpappen skall kunna återanvändas eller materialåtervinnas den 1:a januari 1997. 1 Sverige har redan denna procentsats överstigits och i dagens läge återvinns cirka 75% wellpapp.Inom handeln har system för återvinning av wellpapp funnits sedan 1970-talet. Ett fåtal butiker återvann wellpapp redan på 1950-talet. Under de senaste åren har systemet effektiviserats för att klara av insamling av allt mer wellpapp.

This report summarizes the development of a calculation program estimating the profitability of converting a peak-load oil-fired boiler to pellets. To convert an oil-fired boiler to pellets a new fuel handling system must be designed. Changes also have to be made to some other components. Since there are many different techniques for transportation, storage and treatment of the fuel only the most interesting techniques from Swecos experience and interest were included in the study.The capacity of the different parts in the system was dimensioned based on the power of the boiler after conversion. To estimate prices, installed power and dimensions manufacturers and distributers were contacted.

In recent decades, mental illness has increased in Sweden, and in parallel to this there has been an increase in unemployment. This implies that it is harder for people who have been away from employment for long periods due to ill health to return to work. The purpose of this study was to examine the work situation of people with mental illness who had undergone prevocational training, and to identify psychosocial factors relevant to their current work ability. The aim was also to describe how those who had undergone prevocational training perceived that it had affected their work ability. The study involved 19 participants who were interviewed and assessed with the Worker Role Interview, and an open question was asked about how they perceived that the prevocational training had affected their current work ability.

The Swedish traffic system is congested, especially in the urban areas; travellers face daily growing traffic jams and delays in public transport. In a congested traffic system, travellers need support to make smart and sustainable decisions and one such tool is traffic information.One issue today is that too few travellers use traffic information in support of their travel. Research shows that travellers would see great value in receiving the information; however current systems do not meet their requirements. This is a problem since the society would benefit greatly from a well functioning traffic information system.In this report, a number of channels that can be applicable for providing traffic information will be explored, with particular emphasis on interference information.The information channels are analyzed based upon the needs and requirements of the society and the traveller. The thesis of the report is: the more of these needs and requirements are met in a channel; the better is the channel to use for traffic information.

Context. In today?s society we use smart cards in many areas, NFC is a smart card technology that allows contactless interaction between a reader and the tag, the tag is often in the form of a card. NFC can be used for various payment methods or as access card to a building which makes life easier. In previous studies, the technique has proven to be weak to attacks using an NFC reader connected to a computer.

Abstract Tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPPII), is present in most eukaryotic cells. It cuts tripeptides from the N-terminus of peptides and is especially important for degrading peptides longer than 15 amino acids. TPPII also tailors long peptides into suitable substrates for the enzymes which transport and produce the peptides that MHC I present. Increased levels of TPPII have also been found in certain cancer cells, thus it is of interest to determine if TPPII could be used as a tumour marker.The aim of this study was to optimise and evaluate 3 different methods for quantifying TPPII. Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorophore-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) protocols were optimised regarding incubation times and antibody dilutions.

In this thesis tests has been performed on the pull strength of screws glued into glulam beams.The experiment is based on the already approved method whereby the diameter of the drilled holes is the same as the screw outer diameter of 1 mm or bigger. The screws strength class shall not be less than 4.6 (EN ISO 898-1:1999, 1999).The difference in the experiments that were performed where that the drilled diameter were 1 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the screw so that the screw thread was worked into the wood.In the tests the gluing where made on M8 glulam beams. The screws where drilled at and angel of 90°tangental to the fiber direction with a diameter of 7 mm. The gluing of the screws where made in three different depths and where later exposed to pulling forces. The results showed both pulling breaks and screw breaks when they reached their maximum capacity.

Den här rapporten redogör för det examensarbete som utfördes på Cargotec ABsutvecklingslaboratorium i Hudiksvall våren 2012. Cargotec AB är en världsledande leverantörav lasthanteringslösningar för lokal transport, terminaler, hamnar, distributionscenter ochfartyg. I Hudiksvall tillverkas lastbilskranar för hantering av timmer och styckegods.Hudrauliska ventiler utgör en viktig del av de system de ingår i och deras egenskaper, bådestatiska och dynamiska, har en enorm betydelse för systemet som helhet. Det är därför viktigtatt kunna identifiera egenskaperna hos de ventiler som används. För att tillgodose detta behovfinns en provkrets för ventiler på Cargotecs utvecklingslaboratorium i Hudiksvall.

Voice-over-IP (VoIP) är en samling teknologier för transport av digitaliserat tal över IP-nätverk. Den mest kända applikationen för VoIP-teknik är internettelefoni. Processorer och gränssnittskretsar som kan realisera ett VoIP-system har utvärderats för användning i produkter med låga produktionsvolymer spridda över flera år. Komponentkostnad, utvecklingskostnad och även hur länge komponenterna kommer att tillverkas är viktiga faktorer att ta hänsyn till. Resultatet av studien är att generella signalprocessorer av den nya generationen, med arkitekturförbättringar som ger mer microcontrolleregenskaper, är de bästa kandidaterna.

Den här uppsatsen tar en närmare blick på karismatiskt ledarskap vilket ofta sägs vara en personlig egenskap som vissa föds med. Det sägs att personer som Gandhi, Barack Obama och Olof Palme har haft denna egenskap. En egenskap som får folk att följa ledaren oavsett uppoffringen för följaren, och som gör vad än ledaren vill att de skall göra. Arbetet vill problematisera synen på karisma som en personlig egenskap. Med hjälp av karismaforskningens fader, Max Weber, tillsammans med annan forskning om ledarskap och karisma formar denna uppsats en modell för att förstå karismatiskt ledarskap.

Vi har genom att studera de olika delarna Servicemötet, Servicekvalitet samt Kabinpersonalens roll kommit fram till att kabinpersonalens roll har förändrats och att detta i sin tur inverkar på hur de interagerar i servicemötet. Faktorer som lett till våra slutsatser är bland annat den tekniska utvecklingen, som utgör en del i den interna effektivisering, vilket har bidragit till att servicemötet kommit att förflyttas in i kabinen. Detta ger kabinpersonalens roll en ökad betydelse i servicemötet. I och med att företagen ofta reducerar kringtjänster som tidigare varit gratis, måste kabinpersonalen ge mer av sig själva då de inte har möjlighet att erbjuda materiell service gratis. Kabinpersonalens arbetsuppgifter har även förändrats och de arbetar ofta mer och längre pass än förr.

The aim of this comparative study is to analyse the French and the Polish regional governance in order to see if there are any differences in their regional ruling systems. Further more I will study their different possibilities in taking part in the European Union regional political market. The shape of the regional systems will be explored both organisationally (study of the institutional entities of the regional construction) and functionally (study of the competencies of the regional body etcetera) to focus on its cause on the regional development. My over all focus will be to find out whether regional rule means differently in the countries France and Poland.Several questions are dealt with and the two main ones are as follows; How do the different structures of the form of government in France and Poland influence the governance on the regional level? Do Poland, as a new member state of the European Union, have what it takes to face the challenges of the new membership; or are there a complex of problems arising from the admittance that prevent its regions from fully taking part in the European regional political market?Some of my conclusions are as follows;There are major differences between the two countries when it comes to their regional ruling systems leading to different abilities in taking part in the European regional political market.

According to the EC fuel regulations 2 % bio fuel has to be blended in all fuel by the year 2005, and 5.75 % by the year 2010, which means ethanol for gasoline driven vehicles, so there will be a substantial demand for ethanol. Brazil already has an established industry for producing ethanol and is the leading producer and exporter of fuel ethanol. My purpose with this paper is to investigate why Brazil decided to develop ethanol production on a large-scale operation and to find out today?s situation. Focus will mainly be on ethanol production with sugarcane as a feedstock.

Slussen är Stockholms andra största mötespunkt efter T-centralen. För den omfattande ombyggnation som Slussen står inför är projektets prioritering att minimera störningar i kollektivtrafik, gång ? och cykeltrafik samt biltrafik då detta är en knutpunkt för såväl bilar, båtar kollektivtrafik samt fotgängare och cyklister. Här passerar 300 000 resenärer dagligen.För att ta reda på hur andra stora projekt har löst sina logistiska problem utfördes intervjuer på personer med insikt på logistik i deras verksamhet. Enkäter delades även ut till de olika delområdena i projekts Slussens byggledning för att få bättre förståelse för hur projektet vill arbeta.För att få en bra översikt över hur många transporter som kommer behöva passera ut och in genom entreprenadernas gränser utfördes beräkningar.Resultatet av undersökningarna visar att det viktigaste är att produkter levereras i rätt tid till rätt plats utan mellanlagring.

This study was performed in an afforestation experiment established 1982 on an abandoned peat harvesting area, Flakmossen, in the province of Värmland, SW Sweden. The experimen-tal design include planting with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), in combination with various drainage intensities (20, 30, and 40 m between ditches), and fertilizer doses 0, 100, and 200 g PK per seedling applied at the date of planting. The aim of this study was to achieve more knowledge about the conditions on afforestation of peat harvesting areas, especially regarding drainage intensity and fertilization requirements, by means of determining the stand growth and yield in the Flakmossen trial. The forest growth did not differ significantly between the drainage intensities tested when the same amount of phosphor and potassium fertilizer was added. Thus, shorter distances between ditches than 40 m can not be recommended. When no fertilization was carried out seedling survival was very low, and the growth of sur-vived seedlings was poor. The largest diameter and height growth were observed in the areas where the highest dose of phosphorus and potassium (200g/seedling) was given.