1995 genomfördes i Sverige en psykiatrireform med syfte att normaliserapsykiskt funktionshindrades livsvillkor, integrera dem i samhället, främja derasrehabilitering och förebygga hospitalisering. Reformen har dock inte varit heltlyckad gällande integreringen i samhället, de psykiskt funktionshindrades vardagpräglas fortfarande av utanförskap, diskriminering och social isolering. Motsatsentill delaktighet och gemenskap kan beskrivas med begreppet stigmatisering. Idenna studies bakgrund lyfts begreppet empowerment eftersom hög grad avempowerment har visat sig reducera stigmaupplevelsers negativa verkan.Dessutom beskrivs, i bakgrunden, Joyce Travelbees teori om mellanmänskligarelationer. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien var att, med utgångspunkt i vadpsykiskt sjuka uttrycker, undersöka vad sjuksköterskor i omvårdnadsarbetet kangöra för att lindra upplevelser av stigmatisering.

Tidigare forskning har pekat på att människor och djur som anses sakna ansvar för sin situation väcker mycket empati. Två experiment genomfördes för att se om det förelåg någon skillnad i empati gentemot människor och djur. I Experiment 1 läste 244 studenter om en man, kvinna, katt eller hund som var mer eller mindre ansvarig för att ha hamnat i en svår situation. Empati hade ett negativt samband med ansvar. I Experiment 2 läste 73 studenter om en man eller varg som framställdes lika ansvariga.

The aim of this essay has been to find out if children can identify themselves in childrens literature describing children who have immigrated. We wanted to investigate if the interest in reading books about children who have immigrated was the same whether the investigated childrens origin was Swedish or not. We chose two books for this purpose. We also wanted to see what the access to books about children who have immigrated was at three libraries. The locations for the libraries were; in the investigated children´s school, at the main library in the municipality and at a smaller library also located in the municipality.

Fodermedelsallergi är ett tillstånd som beror på att immunsystemet reagerar mot något, oftast ett protein, som normalt sett inte ska utlösa ett immunsvar. De vanligaste symptomen är kutana symptom såsom klåda, alopeci och otit. Fodermedelsallergi diagnosticeras med hjälp av en eliminationsdiet med efterföljande provokation och vid diagnos behandlas sjukdomen genom att undvika det orsakande allergenet. För att inte utveckla fodermedelsallergi måste hunden eller katten utveckla en oral tolerans mot proteinerna i kosten; misslyckas detta kan allergi uppstå. Denna uppsats syftar till att sammanfatta den tillgängliga forskningen kring hur den orala toleransen uppstår, den immunologiska bakgrunden till fodermedelsallergi samt hur en eliminationsdiet påverkar immunsvaret.

Many homeless and private owned cats are relinquished to cat shelters. Shelters are often a very stressful place for cats and their welfare may be endangered. Today it is common that cats are housed in groups at cat shelters and there are some perceived problems in housing cats in groups. The social structure of the cat is very complex and although cats are basically solitary they can be kept in groups under the right conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate how cats in groups interact with each other at a cat shelter.

Aggression is a normal part of a dog?s behaviour repertoire and has always been an evolutionary relevant behaviour. Even if aggression in some contexts is relevant, it is one of the most common problem behaviour reported by dog owners. It has been discussed if some breeds are more likely to show aggression and therefore should be banned. On the 1st of January 2008 a new act was enforced by the Swedish government giving the police force greater authority in decisions to apprehend and euthanize dogs if they after an appropriate evaluation of the dog?s temperament think it is necessary.

The aim of this study was to see if an increased amount of gas could be seen in the small bowel of cats subjected to trauma and if measuring the amount of gas could be of any use in the clinical evaluation of the patient. When the peristaltic waves in the small bowel decreases due to neurological damage or chock the microorganisms of the gut grow in number and possibly produce more gas and toxins. When the cat is stressed it can swallow more air then usual, and the air that is in solution with the chyme in the lumen of the gut separates from the ingesta. When the bowel isn?t moving it becomes easier for bacteria and toxins to penetrate the wall of the gut, and then get access to the bloodstream.

Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions (FORL) is a painful disease that affects feline teeth and that is increasing in prevalence. The ethiology is still rather unknown. However, research on the ultra structure of the feline tooth may help us understand why FORL is so prevalent in cats and not in other species. Since the ethiology is still unknown, there is yet no profylaxis. The pathogenesis is rather well known; the hard structure of affected teeth gradually undergo odontoclastic resorption and resorptive lesions are often partly replaced with bone- or cementum-like tissue.

Feline asthma is a condition very similar to the respiratory disease affecting humans. It is causing, among other things, a constriction of the bronchial airways, an increase of mucus production and damage to, or erosion of, the epithelial membrane. The symptoms occur intermittently and do, in most cases, evolve during a long period of time. The aim of this essay was to investigate whether there are any nursing routines for feline patients with asthma in animal clinics and animal hospitals in Sweden, and if so, to compare similarities and differences. A literary study of research material also led to a suggestion of how to form a nursing routine for this type of patient.

Pheromones are chemical substances representing very specific signal messages within a species. Although a lot remains unknown about their precise effects, it is known that pheromones influence the behaviour of the receiver. Since the mid 1990s, when it was first possible to synthesise analogues of two fractions of feline facial pheromone, F3 (Feliway®) and F4 (Felifriend®), these have been used in so called pheromonotherapy to treat behavioural problems in cats. The initial use of pheromones for specific behavioural problems has been extended to cover the wide field of stress related issues. This studycontains a questionnaire where veterinary nurses and surgeons at 50 Swedish veterinary hospitals and clinics were asked about their use of synthetic analogues to feline facial pheromones in the care and treatment of cats.

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesion (FORL) is a tooth disease affecting both domestic and wild cats. Although FORL was described as early as the 1920´s, the etiology is still unclear. Several hypotheses have been presented but different studies have obtained contradictory results, and today there is no generally accepted etiology. Teeth affected by FORL are characterized by root resorption with progressive destruction of the tooth structure and alveolar bone as a consequence of clast cell activity. The disease is considered very painful when reaching a certain stage.

This bachelor thesis aimed to explore, in a qualitative manner, the relationship and the interaction between the hospital welfare officer and the rest of the nursing staff. We chose this subject because we wanted to explain the phenomena of being a medical outsider in the nursing team. Our questions at issue were the following three: How does the hospital welfare officer define his occupational sphere and how do the rest of the nursing staff define it, according to the welfare officer himself? Is the welfare officer's relation to his own professional role and to the rest of the nursing staff affected by where his office is placed - secluded from or within the clinic? How does the welfare officer himself value his profession in relation to the rest of the nursing crew? To answer these questions we interviewed eight welfare officers, placed in two different hospitals. We used three different theories to explain the primary information.

Yllesugning och ylleätning är relativt ovanliga beteendeproblem hos tamkatter. De har inte studerats i någon större omfattning trots att de har varit kända under lång tid. Det saknas välformulerade hypoteser som kan förklara de resultat som framkom i den hittills enda publicerade studien inom området. Därför genomfördes en Internetbaserad enkätstudie där 205 katter ingick. Resultaten tyder på att när en kattunge tas från sin mamma före 5-6 veckors ålder så kan det naturliga dibeteendet dröja sig kvar upp i vuxen ålder.

Studien omfattade 90 honkatter som kastrerades av veterinärstudenter på UDS smådjursklinik. Tanken med studien är att fastställa hur vanligt det är med komplikationer efter ovariehysterektomi hos honkatt utförd av veterinärstudenter, samt vilka komplikationer som förekommer mest frekvent. Honkatterna kastrerades under dissociativ anestesi via linea albasnitt. Två olika postoperativa analgesipreparat användes, 49 av katterna gavs tolfenaminsyra och 41 av katterna gavs meloxicam. Djurägarna kontaktades via telefon tio till tjugo dagar efter kastrationen för att svara på ett antal frågor om hur deras katt har mått postoperativt och om några komplikationer har tillstött.

Trots att intresset för att ha katt som husdjur är stort i Sverige lämnas tusentals katter in till olika katthem årligen. Många av dessa katter uppges vara hemlösa. Då katternas bakgrund ofta är okänd finns en risk för bristande eller negativa mänskliga erfarenheter. Något som i sin tur kan leda till otillgänglighet och/eller skygghet hos dessa katter.Kattstallet i Åkeshov är ett av få katthem i Sverige som tar emot även skygga och till synes förvildade katter. De klassificerar inkomna katter, på en femgradig skala, utifrån hur sociala och/eller hanterbara katterna bedöms vara.