SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrund: Delaktighet, vårdrelation och kommunikation är tre centrala begrepp inomhälso- och sjukvården. Detta med tanke på att det är tre faktorer som kan få patienten attpåverka dennes hälsoprocess samt att kunna trygghet. Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskansförutsättningar och hinder för att skapa delaktighet i vårdrelationen med patienter närsamma verbala språk inte talas. Metod: Studien utgår från sjuksköterskans perspektiv ochbaseras på en kvalitativ analys utifrån Evans (2002) litteraturstudie. Resultat: Det somansågs vara förutsättningar för delaktighet kunde vara tolkens närvaro för skapandet avdelaktighet i vårdrelationen.

Varje år föds barn runt om i världen som ett resultat av ägg- och spermiedonation. I Sverige är äggdonation laglig sedan 2003. Spermiedonation är reglerat i lag sedan 1984. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka graden av oro och nedstämdhet som rapporteras från heterosexuella par som genomgår behandling med ägg- eller spermiedonation. Deltagarna i studien var män och kvinnor som genomgått ägg- eller spermiedonation vid ett av de sju infertilitetscentra som finns i Sverige.

The goal of this paper is to find out how solar cells can improve energy efficiency on-board M/S Sydfart. The paper is based on a number of energy measurements on board the M/S Sydfart. The solar surface is calculated by measuring the available space for installing solar panels. Global radiation data is taken from STRÅNG's database, the data is then used to calculate the theoretical power produced by the solar cells. Energy efficiency is analysed in two ways.

Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production are usual measurements within the sports and training physiology. The same measurements are also common when it comes to establish the amount of energy that is used during work and to establish the intensity of work. The volume of oxygen that is consumed contra the volume of carbon dioxide that is produced can be used to calculate the metabolic rate within the human body. This calculation shows the percent relationship between carbohydrates and fat in the metabolism. The first accurate method to measure the breathing gases for use in metabolic calculation was established in the early twenty century when the Douglas bag method was introduced.

ABSTRACTOverweight and obesity is an increasing problem worldwide although high-income countries take a leed. High BMI during pregnancy and delivery constitute to many risks for both the mother and her outcome. Intervention programmes with the purpose to get the pregnant women to eat healthier and to excercise more are now working out in many different shapes. The effect of these activities varies. The aim of this study was to investigate if interventions during pregnancy, with women who?s BMI are 25 or more, affects health of the mother and her expected child, delivery outcome and self estimated health.

Transdermal drug delivery, besides painfulinjections with syringes, has long been associatedwith small size particle pharmaceuticals, which candiffuse through the skin. This method of drugadministration has only been applicable on a smallnumber of drugs, where active molecules are smalland delivery time should or can be long.Other drug delivery options are oral administrationand injection with hypodermic needles (ordinaryHospital syringes). In oral administration thestomach and liver tend to dissolve the drug and theeffect becomes more difficult to anticipate, anddrug delivery rates difficult to control. Hypodermicneedles are used as a mean of drug injectiondirectly into the bloodstream. This method ispainful and risks infection due to tissue damageand skin penetration.One way to get a painless non-damaging techniquewith high delivery rate that still can delivery largemolecules is to manufacture an array of microscopichollow needles and equip them with a pumping unitthat delivers the correct amount of drugs.This thesis shows the technique and possibility ofmanufacture micromachined needles using low costtechniques of Ion Track Technology (radiation ofheavy ions creates porous materials), electrolessdeposition (non-current activated wet chemistrymethod of depositing metal) and electroplating.

No accidents or injuries should occur because of our public health care. It should be a place with high security and good quality in order to avoid this type of accidents. This is a tough situation when the public health care organization should have as good quality as possible despite savings. It is difficult for middle managers to improve patient safety in the absence of money.The purpose of this study is to explain the work with patient safety that middle manager perform during saving times. The perspective we will look into is how they work with patient safety as an ongoing change.

Abstract Chronic heart failure is a common disease in elderly, and is the most common reason for Hospitalization in patients over 65 years of age. Research on the elderly and heart failure often focus on treatment strategies, less research is available on patients' own experiences of living with chronic heart failure. The purpose of this interview study, was to gain more knowledge about patients´ own experiences of living with chronic heart failure. Nine patients were interviewed and the text was transcribed verbatim and it was then analyzed with a phenomenological hermeneutical method. From the analysis, three main themes emerged.

The purpose of the present study was to explore if blood lactate levels are increased in bitches with pyometra, and if the lactate measurement could be used as a prognostic indicator and to determine outcome. The present study included 16 bitches with pyometra that were admitted to the University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. For comparison, a control group consisting of 14 healthy staffowned bitches was also evaluated. In all bitches, a physical examination was performed and blood samples for analysis of haematological and biochemical parameters were obtained. In all bitches with pyometra, surgical ovariohysterectomy was performed and a uterine sample for bacteriological culture and identification was collected.

För att patienten ska ha optimal chans till överlevnad är det av största vikt att rekommendationer i samtliga delar av kedjan som räddar liv följs. Sjuksköterskan är oftast bland de första på plats vid ett hjärtstopp på en vårdenhet, vilket gör det intressant att belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar överlevnaden efter hjärtstopp på sjukhus. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa faktorer i behandlingen av hjärtstopp på sjukhus som påverkar överlevnaden. Genom en sammanställning och analys av vetenskapligt värderad litteratur utfördes en systematisk litteraturstudie i ämnet. Resultatet visade att en väl fungerande organisation, utbildning, monitorering och följsamhet till riktlinjer var framgångsfaktorer i behandling av hjärtstopp.

Background:Incoming medical alarm is a common routine for emergency nurses. Working in these situations may represent a major burden on the individual nurse. Purpose: To investigate emergency room nurses' experiences in receiving medical alerts focused on education, safety, security, skills and experience, and andherence to guidelines. The purpose was also to investigate whether there were any differences in action between the emergency room nurses who had worked longer or shorter period than two years with this.Method:The design was quantitative, comparative and descriptive. Surveys were distributed to 30 nurses who worked in the emergency room at a Swedish Hospital.

Background: Surgical complications has been the main cause of medical injuries and deaths worldwide. In 2008 WHO developed the checklist for safe surgery to reduce the number of surgical complications. The objective of the checklist is to strengthen already established safety routines and contribute to better cooperation and communication. Research shows that compliance to the checklist is deficient, which can affect patient safety.Aim: The aim was to study the extent to which theatre nurses participate in the use of the checklist.Method: Observational study was conducted with a descriptive design and quantitative approach. 24 observations were carried out with aid of an observation protocol of two surgical units at a Hospital in central Sweden.Result: The results showed that Timeout initiated widely but compliance to all items was considerably lower.

Background Swedish nurses are required by law to document nursing care. Studies have proved scarce in nursing documentation with regard to written language, the nursing process and the nurse´s caring perspective. Educating nurses in using the VIPS model have improved nursing documentation. Few studies have included nursing documentation of psychiatric care.Aim The aim of this study was to describe nursing documentation within psychiatric care of inpatient settings.Method A quantitative, retrospective descriptive research design was applied. A total of 60 nursing journals from a psychiatric department of six wards were studied.

Bakgrund: Lex Maria är ett avvikelsehanteringssystem vars mål är främjandet av patientsäkerheten. All hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal har anmälningsskyldighet enligt Lex Maria. I samband med Lex Maria-anmälan ska händelseanalys genomföras och nya åtgärder tillämpas. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att sammanställa Lex Maria-anmälningarna från fyra akutsjukhus i södra Sverige mellan åren 2009-2011 och betydelsen för patientsäkerheten. Metod: Studien har en kvantitativ metod med retrospektiv inriktning.

Background:Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical condition. The higher survival rate after heart attack and other heart diseases, plus aging population, has led to more CHF patients. Symptoms can have negative impact on exercise capacity, ability to perform activities of daily living and quality of life. Heart failure clinics have been established to help better quality of life. Helping to stabilize and maintain patients´ health can reduce the need of Hospital admission.