Microwave is a time- efficient device for heating and reheating of foods. Despite the fact that its effects on foods have been evaluated during a long period of time, without any more negative effects shown compared to conventional cooking, one third of the Swedish population believes (in 2010) it accounts for a higher loss of nutrition. This literature review aim to compile studies regarding how food is affected by cooking in microwave, with respect to cooking losses, nutrition, secondary metabolites as well as sensory and textural aspects and compare it with conventional cooking. The compilation shows that different combination of effect (W), time and amount of water during microwave cooking have different effects on foods. The contents of proteins, vitamin B and carbohydrates are generally higher after microwave cooking, while anti-nutritional substances are affected much less during conventional cooking. This also depends on if it is of animal or non-animal origin. However, for the majority of nutrition values the differences are quite small.

Bakgrund: Diabetes är en kronisk sjukdom som kan påverka hela människan och dess omgivning. Sjuksköterskans förståelse av patientens upplevelser och erfarenheter kan ha stor betydelse i omvårdnaden. Att vara ung och leva med diabetes kan vara svårt och attityder till sjukdomen kan påverka egenvården. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva ungdomars upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 1. Metod: Denna allmänna litteraturstudie bygger på empiriska studier.

Könsfördelningen i hushållssysslor har samband med den generella genusideologin i det aktuella landet. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om män och kvinnor som tar ut större delen av föräldraledigheten baserat på familjens ekonomiska situation, samt utför samma hushållssysslor bedöms olika. Hypotesen är att män i högre grad tillskrivs egenskapen duktighet än kvinnor när de utför samma hushållssysslor. En enkätundersökning med identiskt innehåll kring beskrivningen av en moders respektive en faders vardagssysslor presenterades och skattningar kring olika påståenden kring personens situation utfördes av deltagarna. Hypotesen bekräftades inte utan motsatt resultat har bekräftats, nämligen att mannen bl.a.

At Forsmark nuclear power plant the rather old-fashioned software COPTA is used in containment safety analysis. There exists a desire within the organisation to introduce a more modern software with ability to more detailed modeling and increased usability.The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the software APROS in containment safety analysis. APROS models describing one of the containments at Forsmark NPP have been developed. Two simulations of typical containment incidents, one of them a large pipe break, have been made where containment safety parameters such as pressure and temperature are studied. Results are analyzed and verified against results from corresponding COPTA models.

There is no consensus of the concept sexual health in the context of being HIV-positive women. Research in the area tends to focus in different measurable parts of sexual health for HIV-positive women. A meta-synthesis on that research issue can develop a deeper understanding and knowledge of how HIV-positive women in qualitative studies describe and experience sexual health. The purpose with this study is to analyze and synthesize the results about how HIV-positive women describe and experience sexual health. The meta-synthesis follows Noblit and Hare´s method of meta-ethnography and additional use of Walsh and Downe´s checklist to appraise qualitative articles.

Swedish biogas is currently produced mainly by anaerobic digestion of sewage sludgeat sewage treatment plants, landfills and anaerobic digestion of household or industrialwaste. Also cattle ma-nure from farms can be used to produce biogas. Upgradingbiogas represents an increase in methane concentration from about 65 % to about 97%. In addition, particles and contaminants must be sepa-rated from the upgradedbiogas. There are various methods for upgrading and this report compares sixdifferent methods with respect to environment and economy: water scrubber,Biosling, cryo technology, chemical absorption, Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) andmembrane separation.According to the used ORWARE model, chemical adsorption with amine has the leastenvironmen-tal impact (methane emissions) and the lowest costs.

One of the most commonly used methods for analysis of polyphenols is the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method, where the FC reagent has been reported to interfere with some substances in fruit juices. The interfering substance that is present in the highest amount in most fruit juices is ascorbic acid. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) of three fruit juices was analysed by the FC method as well as with an enzymatic method with hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase type II (HRP) for comparison. To investigate how the interfering ascorbic acid affects the TPC, juice samples were analysed after removal and addition, respectively, of ascorbic acid. The samples were analysed with HPLC both before and after the extraction phase of the FC method.

This study aims to highlight patients´ experiences about and thoughts of side effects fromelectroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a therapeutic method commonly used when having severedepressions. The framing of questions were how the respondents of this study describe theirlife before, during and after ECT-treatment, how the treatment has affected their daily life andhow these experiences may contribute to the awareness of power in professional relations.The study is based on three semi-structured narrative interviews and the main result showedthat, according to my interpretation, ECT as a treatment obliterated memories, quality of lifeand daily structure for all participants. Unfortunately they have all become subjects ofpsychiatric power and have faced considerable difficulty in getting professional recognitionaccording to their severe memory issues. The respondents have lost the ability to relate totheir past which clearly makes them struggle in their present context. A point in commonamong them is that neither of them wanted ECT but, because of the lack of communicationbetween them as patients and the health care in general, they all ended up getting it..

The purpose of this study was to, through the life stories of four women and their experiences, thoughts and feelings according to a life in drug dependency reach an increased knowledge about how a dependency can arise, continue and be brought to an end. The question at issue were: How do a small amount of women describe and comprehend their experiences, thoughts and feelings according to their drug addiction seen through a process perspective. In order to answer that question three themes were investigated: the road into dependency, living as an addict and the road to recovery from dependency and the time that follows. The study followed a qualitative method and the theoretical approach was hermeneutic. The results were analysed through a process analyse perspective, from the view of the chosen theoretical perspectives, social constructivism, experience perspective and a psychodynamic perspective.

Könsuppdelningarna i hushållssysslorna har bevisats ha att göra med den generella genusideologin i det aktuella landet. Här undersöks om en man och en kvinna som tar ut större delen av föräldraledigheten baserat på familjens ekonomiska situation, samt utför samma hushållssysslor bedöms olika. Hypotesen är att män i högre grad tillskrivs egenskapen duktighet än kvinnor när de utför samma sysslor. En enkätundersökning med identiskt innehåll kring beskrivningen av en moders respektive en faders vardagssysslor presenterades och skattningar kring olika påståenden kring personens situation utfördes av deltagarna. Hypotesen har inte kunnat bevisas utan det motsatta har tvärtom delvis bekräftats, nämligen att mannen bl.a.

Antalet tillgängliga IPv4-adresser håller i dagsläget på att ta slut och det ärdärför nödvändigt att hitta en metod för att migrera nätverket till den nyastandarden, IPv6. En migrering kan kräva att de två IP-versionerna måsteanvändas i nätverket simultant, för att de system som är beroende av nätverketska vara tillgängliga. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka prestandani de olika migreringsteknikerna, samt att få fram vilka tekniker som är attföredra. Med hjälp av två scenarion, uppsatta i labbmiljö, testades migreringsteknikernasprestanda med verktyget Iperf. 6to4 och GRE testades iden ena miljön samt NAT64 och Teredo i den andra miljön.

Climate change is the modern society?s common issue. The developed countries areconsuming more than what is sustainable, and the climate change due to the use offossil fuels can be seen clearly. EU has specified goals, in order to stop furtherdamage, which demand that every member state have to reduce its energyconsumption by 20 % before 2020 and 50 % before 2050, relative to 1995.The Swedish government uses a number of instruments to encourage reduction in theusage of energy, but every individual has to contribute to reach the goals.With increasing energy price the cost of living is going up. A lot of people are lookingfor ways to save energy and not be affected as much by the increasing price.Investments for insulation, replacement of windows and replacing old heating systemfor a new efficient heat pump is getting more and more common.This thesis is about investigating the possibilities in becoming independent from buyingenergy for households.

Every big scam starts with a small invite. You are about to face the inconvenient accusation of you being responsible for your own loss. At least, this was the case for the seller of ?Macbook Pro 15? 2.4 intel-core, 4GB, glossy? in early December 2010.This thesis is breaking apart the comfort zone of being a victim, suggesting we want to be betrayed. Although the ?victim? has detected a risk, his wish to beleive that the affair is what it?s told to be, nourishes the betrayal that can proceed.

Feral animal populations are distributed over many parts of the world and are often seen as a problem. Since they are a threat against other species, destroy farmlands and can spread dis-eases, they are often referred to as pests. Artificial selection has contributed to loss of genetic diversity in our domesticated animals. Feral animal populations are affected by natural selec-tion, which allows them to adapt to the environment. Their ability to adapt is a reason to see them as pests but can also be seen as an asset.

This study examines how the Swedish newspaper G?teborgs-Posten presented Swedish identity in relation to the country?s referendum and EU-membership. By investigating the usage of the Swedish identity, related to EU-membership, the ambition is to conclude whether the newspaper was positive towards EU-membership. The empirical base consists of articles produced by G?teborgs-Posten from the first of October 1994 to the last day of January 1995.