Andelen  äldre  i Sverige  ökar. Hos normalhörande  äldre människor  sker  det  en  förändring  i taluppfattningen som är en del av det naturliga åldrandet. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa det  biologiska  åldrandets  påverkan  på  den  åldrande  individens  taluppfattningsförmåga.  En systematisk  litteraturstudie  har  använts  som  metod.  Resultatet  från  övervägande  delen  av använda  artiklar  i  denna  studie  visar  att  normalhörande  äldre  har  sämre  taluppfattning  än normalhörande  yngre.  Den  försämrade  taluppfattningen  är  enligt  artiklarna  ett  resultat  av förändringar i det centrala hörselsystemet. Artiklarna pekar på att dessa förändringar beror på förändrad  lateralisering,  förlångsammad  kodning  av  talsignalen, minskad  nervaktivitet  eller förtvinade nerver i hörselkortex..

While reading in deaf children has been the object of a number of studies, the reading abilitiesof children with mild and moderate Hearing impairment and their relation to cognitiveprocessing have not received very much attention. Predictive factors of reading ability inHearing children are well known, with phonological and working memory abilities beingnecessary prerequisites for reading development. Existing studies suggest, however, thatcertain Hearing-impaired children achieve a reading level comparable to that of Hearingchildren in spite of impaired phonological abilities. In the present study, reading abilities anda range of cognitive processing abilities were measured in a group of Hearing-impairedchildren and compared with Hearing controls in equivalent school grades. Comparisons weremade at group and school-grade level, and the cognitive profile of Hearing-impaired childrenat level with controls (those being within one standard deviation) was discussed.

This study investigated whether in-situ audiometry, delivered via Hearing aids, is a better option as a basis forprescribing Hearing aid amplification, compared to conventional audiometry. By examining the real ear insertgain (REIG) in 29 ears (18 subjects), that had been fitted with a Hearing aid programmed using both conventionalaudiometry and in-situ audiometry, the study looked at whether in-situ audiometry based prescription is closer tothe NAL NL1's fitting target than audiogram based prescription. The Hearing aid Siemens Pure 7mi with speakerunit M was used on all participants. The results showed how in-situ audiometry based gain at certain frequenciesis more consistent with the target curve, especially at 1000, 1500, 2000 and 4000 Hz. It was not establishedwhether the findings of the study were statistically significant.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of today's major public health problems, affecting up to 347 million people worldwide. Several studies have shown a correlation between Hearing loss and diabetes mellitus. However, it is still unclear whether this correlation differs between type 1-diabetes and type 2-diabetes.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is any difference in prevalence of Hearing loss in type 1-diabetics versus type 2-diabetics.Method: A meta-analysis was performed based on ten studies that were identified through the database PubMed and through manual searching of references. Odds ratios for the risk of developing Hearing loss were calculated in each study. Pooled odds ratios were calculated using a random effects model.Results: Pooled odds ratios indicates that both type 1-diabetics and type 2-diabetics are more likely to develope Hearing loss compared to non-diabetic controls.

The earmould acoustics affect the amplification that the Hearing aid is programmed to give to its user. It is therefore important that the choices made for the earmould are correctly done. One choice is regarding the shape of the soundbore that affects the frequency response of the Hearing aid above a certain cut-off frequency. The purpose of this project was to measure the frequency response when altering the shape of the soundbore in the earmould. Additionally, the aim was to examine how the frequency response is affected when the shape of the soundbore is not set or is not possible to set in the software when programming the Hearing aid.

Different abilities are of importance to pragmatics, there among Hearing. Hearing impairment can affect language development and also pragmatic ability. The aim of the present paper was to study the pragmatic ability in terms of request for clarification in children with Hearing Impairment (HI) in conversation with children with no known Hearing impairment, henceforth normally Hearing (NH). The present study also describes requests for clarification sequentially in detail, and also highlights points where there may be observable differences between children with and without Hearing impairment. Eight conversational pairs consisting of one child with HI and one NH child were studied.

The capacity to process and to remember information is a basic condition for language ability and for coming reading ability. Reading ability is strongly connected to phonological awareness, receptive vocabulary knowledge and working memory capacity. In what way Hearing impairment in children affects development of cognitive skills and later on reading ability is an area that has attracted minor attention for research.The aim with this study was to investigate changes in cognitive skills and reading ability in children with mild or moderate Hearing impairment after one year of progress and furthermore if any connections between any increases of the abilities were to be found. Comparisons were made with results from age adequate normal Hearing children. Moreover prosodic ability on word-level was tested this year.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the results obtained from scientific articles concerning research into group rehabilitation for people over 65 years with Hearing problems. The interest arose then group rehabilitation was unusual in the audiologists work, even though previous research showed these positive effects. With a group rehabilitation, the participants can easier accept theire Hearing loss and Hearing aid, compaired with an individual rehabilitation. The method used was a literature study. PubMed and PsycINFO databases were used in the search for literature.

Background: From a public health perspective it is of great interest to prevent the risk of noise induced Hearing loss, because in addition to Hearing loss, tinnitus and sound sensitivity also may lead to other health problems. About 1,4 million people in Sweden live with some form of Hearing loss and 25000 of them are children under the age of 16. Studies have shown that Hearing loss among adolescents is increasing and it is often associated with sound environments in their leisure time. Lectures in Hearing prevention has been conducted in schools for adolescents but have not reached the desired results. Objective: To enquire caregivers? attitude, behaviour and perceived knowledge about sound exposure and its risks.

To be able to feel a sense of belonging, people need to have the possibility to take part of the information from the society. Hearing-impaired don?t have the same possibility as Hearing people when they want to take part of the information, therefore they don?t get the same benefit. This contributes to a feeling of not belonging and a sense of limitation in different social occasions. Therefore the society needs to be accessible to everyone regardless disability.

This essay investigates the relation between ?usage? and ?Hearing? of dialectal words and expressions in the Ryukyu islands, Japan, in this case words and expressions from a mix of Ryukyuan and standard Japanese, so called uchinaa-yamatoguchi. A survey was conducted and in the questionnaires the respondents were asked to fill in the degree of usage and Hearing of each word and expression, consisting of three alternatives each; use often, use seldom and never used - hear often, hear seldom and never heard.My findings show a stable pattern in the relation between usage and Hearing, where the usage is relatively low compared to Hearing in almost every case. Among the most frequently used ones, one could find words and expressions connected to food, festivals, type of person, adjectives, adverb and animals etc..

A pilot study conducted on four patients, which we received from the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, who were all potential candidates for a cochlear implant. We fitted our test subjects with a pair of frequency compressing Hearing aids called Phonak Naida V SP during the study and let them evaluate them for about seven weeks. Measurements made with monosyllabic words throughout the study showed significant differences in speech perception (p?0.05) compared to their regular Hearing aids in 3 out of 4 cases. De-activation of the frequency transposed function showed significant decreases in 3 out of 4 cases compared to when it was activated.All test subjects were satisfied with the new Hearing aids and chose to keep using them at the end of the study..

Ear disease and Hearing loss in preschool children can be difficult to discover and diagnose. This paper investigates ear disease in 20 children controls from 1 to 5 years of age. The aim of the study was to map prevalence and incidence for ear disease, and prevalence of Hearing loss in a group of children.Twenty children wide aged 1, 1½, 3 and 5 were included and investigated according to a set protocol with psychoacoustic tests, tympanometry, ear microscopy and a parental questionnaire. The majority of the children could be evaluated by age adequate psychoacoustic tests and otoscopy. Tympanometry was the investigation method that was most difficult to perform.

Abstract The present study examined if early deaf people and people with severe Hearing loss perceive visual information differently than Hearing people. An experiment was conducted with eight deaf participants and eight participants with normal Hearing. The participants were between the ages of 18-74 years. The participants were asked to look at fifteen different images portraying manipulated illusions, and then assess if the images were of the same size. Subsequently another image depicting a different illusion with a face hidden in it was presented to the participants.

The present study deals with task-oriented conversations between a person with Hearing loss and a relative or friend. The purpose was to investigate how the participants in the task-oriented context co-construct understanding, and to focus on different kind of repair strategies that the participants may use to make the Hearing loss relevant in the conversation. The method used was Conversation Analysis (CA). The material consisted of eight videotaped task-oriented conversations between a person with Hearing loss and their significant other. Altogether eight persons participated in the study ? four of them had a Hearing loss and the other four had normal Hearing.