Lymphoma is a group of malignant tumour diseases developing in the secondary lymphatic system. These diseases can develop in all organs as lymphocytes are ubiquitously in the body. In connection to mucus membranes we find mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, MALT, in which lymphoma can spontaneously but slowly develop, mostly at chronic inflammation or at autoimmune diseases. Today these diseases are incureable with the exception of some cases caused by Helicobacter pylori-infection. Antibiotic treatment of these cases can induce remissions.MALT-lymphomas have characteristic histological and molecular properties.

Nationella riktlinjer finns dokumenterade i en handbok utgiven av Sveriges kommuner och landsting. I denna handbok finns de hygienregler beskrivna som ska gälla på våra operationsavdelningar. Syftet med studien är att kartlägga vilka hygienregler som gäller inom region Skånes nio opererande sjukhus och om det finns någon vetenskaplig evidens bakom dessa regler. Metoden som har använts är en empirisk intervju med kvantitativ inriktning utifrån 17 halvstrukturerade frågor. Respondenterna var elva avdelningschefer/hygienansvarig på operationsavdelningar i region Skåne.

Bakgrund och problem: Med den ökande efterfrågan på vård men med begränsade möjligheter att utöka sjukvårdens resurser finns ett stort behov av förbättringskunskap inom vården. Det är allt vanligare att sjukvården hämtar inspiration till förbättringsarbete från industrin i syfte att öka effektiviteten och hålla en hög kvalitet.Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva och analysera hur intensivvårdsavdelningen (IVA) på Danderyds sjukhus arbetar med löpande förbättringsarbete samt att baserat på analysen ge rekommendationer om hur detta arbete kan utvecklas. Ett bisyfte är att inom ramen för IVA:s förbättringsarbete undersöka det stöd från kvalitet- och verksamhetsutvecklingsfunktionen på Danderyds sjukhus som IVA kan nyttja och att ge förslag på hur detta stöd kan utvecklas.Metod: Denna kvalitativa fallstudie genomfördes på intensivvårdsavdelningen (IVA) vid Danderyds sjukhus. Datainsamlingsmetoderna som användes är semi-strukturerade intervjuer, dokumentstudier och observation. Analysen skedde genom mönsterjämförelse.Resultat: Det främsta förbättringsarbetet som genomfördes på IVA var genom förbättringsteam med ansvar över att utveckla vissa områden inom vården.

Bakgrund: V?ld i n?ra relation ?r globalt folkh?lsoproblem som drabbar fr?mst kvinnor och har allvarliga konsekvenser p? h?lsan. Sjuksk?terskors ansvar ?r att f?rebygga oh?lsa och har en viktig roll i att m?ta kvinnor utsatta f?r v?ld. Det kr?vs goda kunskaper och ett etiskt f?rh?llningss?tt f?r att kunna bem?ta dessa kvinnor.

Bakgrund: I Sverige är det idag 3-4 procent av befolkningen som har diagnosen diabetes mellitus typ 2 och antalet insjuknade ökar kontinuerligt. Diabetes kan leda till allvarliga komplikationer som kärl- och nervförändringar, ögon och njurpåverkan. Sjuksköterskans roll i omvårdnaden är att ge stöd och utföra kontroller för att förhindra komplikationer. Syfte: Beskriva vilket stöd från sjuksköterskan som vuxna med diabetes typ 2 upplever att de är i behov av. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med nio vetenskapliga artiklar sammanställdes.

Background: Prediabetes is caused by relative insulin deficiency and insulin resistance in the body tissue which leads to abnormal blood glucose levels. Prediabetes can over time lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus. To prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes and its complications, it is important to identify early elevated blood glucose levels and thereby prediabetes.Objective: To describe nurses' knowledge and experience regarding the management of patients with prediabetes.Methods: Qualitative descriptive design with individual interviews. Three nurses, three community health nurses and three diabetes nurses were interviewed.Results: The result can be understood from the nurses' experiences of encountering patients with prediabetes. An overarching theme in the analysis was that the nurses are working or aspiring to work preventively.

The debate about women and equality is a very burning issue in the Swedish society today. There are a lot of articles, TV-programs, books and web sites treating the position of female leaders today. There are also a lot of myths strongly attached to our minds hindering the equalization process between men and women.The main purpose of our study was to look at women as leaders and identify potential tendencies in businesses sectors dominated by mainly men or women. We also wanted to find out whether leadership behavior is more or less oriented towards relations- or task in any of the chosen sectors. It was even in our interest to see if our chosen respondents supported the myths in our society about male and female qualities.We interviewed 20 women in four different sectors, two dominated by men (Computer/It, Transport) and two dominated by women (School, Healthcare).

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a novel arthropod-borne orthobunyavirus emerging in Europe in 2011 to 2012. Acute SBV infection causes diarrhoea, fever and reduced milk production in dairy cattle, but it is mainly the reproductive disorders (abortions, malformed foetuses and stillborn animals) in ruminants that have caused substantial economical losses. The prevalence of the virus outside of Europe is poorly investigated. SBV or SBV-like antibodies were detected in Mozambique in 2013, which raised interest for a similar study in Tanzania. In this study in Tanzania, blood samples were collected from 478 sheep and goats from 39 herds in 15 different villages in three districts, covering areas in the north, south and east of Tanzania. The epidemiology of the virus was investigated by tracing antibodies by ELISA and mapping of the virus by PCR was started.

Blekinge Hospital suffers from a budget shortage of 100 million SEK, while the government now requires that hospitals will no longer be running a deficit. Blekinge Hospital will then use their limited resources to survive in the future and the activity must be enhanced in order to keep costs low without having to lay off personnel. The idea is that the organisation should be more efficient with a more efficient resource usage. Performance measurement systems are important tools for achieving the policies set out within an organization, measuring and evaluating performance is a way to see where improvements in efficiency may be necessary in the business. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is one of several measuring systems, where the focus is on measuring non-financial performances.

I dagens samhälle så används internet mer och mer för att få fram information, så är även fallet förkartor. I denna uppsats, som gjorts på uppdrag av Tieto Sweden Healthcare & Welfare för att kunnaanvändas i systemet Laps Care, kommer det tas upp lösningar för att hämta geografisk data viakarttjänster med hjälp av Web Map Service (WMS) tjänster i en .NET applikation.Detta examensarbete kommer att ta upp, på en grundläggande nivå, hur WMS-standarden kananvändas av en klient för att visa digitala kartor från en WMS-tjänst samt lite kort om andraalternativ till WMS så som Web Map Service Tile Cache (WMS-C) och Tile Map Service (TMS)tjänster. Det ges olika förslag på open source komponenter som kan användas för att hantera sådanatjänster med fokus på SharpMap som valdes att användas i prototypen som gjordes för att visa huren sådan klient kan se ut.Uppsatsen kommer också behandla kartografi där det kortfattat förklaras om vilka riktlinjer somborde tas för en karta.I andra stycket tas kortfattat upp hur webbtjänster fungerar och även vad det finns för för- ochnackdelar att använda sig av sådana tjänster.Det kommer också förklaras vad Geografiska informationssystem (GIS) är och hur det användsidag.Sammanfattningsvis så utvecklades en fungerande prototyp med hjälp av open source komponentenSharpMap som kan visa kartor från WMS, WMS-C och TMS tjänster och om en ERSI Shapefilmed vägdata finns tillgänglig så går det att söka efter gator..

Introduction: Urinary retention is a common postoperative complication associated with bladder distension. Permanent damage to the bladder affects the patient?s quality of life and may lead to a lifelong inability to empty the bladder and needs of self-catheterization with the risk of urinary tract infection. Bladder distension was classified as the fourth largest health care related injury in Sweden in 2013. Bladder distension may occur before the operation starts and is more common among orthopedic patients.

The district nurses' duties with all organisational changes, above all during the last 20 years, have been changed. Economy and listing governs which visits that to be prioritized. The aim with this study was to examine what district nurses in the primary care in Uppsala län has for view about their occupational role. The method was qualitative and the selection comprized ten district nurses in Uppsala län that were interviewed individually on the basis of a semi structured interview guide that the authors the actual created. In the wide analysis of the results could a theme, As a rubber screw in a shrinking hole and three central categories be discerned, Occupational role, Diversity and Organisation.

Tomato production is a common and important agricultural activity in Nicaragua. During the last decades tomato producers have suffered great yield losses due to begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae). The genome of begomoviruses generally consists of two circular ssDNA components, DNA-A and DNA-B. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is an example of a begomovirus with only one component. An approach to manage the virus epidemics has been to breed a cultivar with begomovirus resistance genes, which have been transferred from wild tomato.

ABSTRACTBackground: People with colorectal cancer undergoing rectum amputation get a permanent colostomy, which affects the social life. It may be valuable for health care what these people experience living with colostomy in order to provide the greatest possible support. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe how people who received a colostomy experience their daily lives and the support they have received from the health services.Method: Qualitative interview study with six people, with a descriptive phenomenological approach.Results: The analysis of the interviews about how it's like to live with a colostomy resulted in three themes: 1) Living with a colostomy gives an uncertainty that affect the social life, 2) Physical and psychological impact of getting a colostomy and 3) Support for health care and relatives.Conclusion: Subjects had a positive attitude towards life, which contributed to that they could adjust to living with a colostomy and feel a meaningfulness of life. The study shows that all the interviewed people overall were satisfied with the information provided by the healthcare personnel. It was good with both oral and written information and very appreciated with repeated information. One aspect that could be improved was the information given aboute the closure of anus during surgery and the following complications.

A common perception is that fungicide treatments increases yield, but that the nitrogen of the particular grain is diluted so that the overall removal of grain nitrogen from the field remains unchanged. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that a healthy crop reduces the risk of nutrient loss from agricultural land. The results from genotype and plant protection trials often show constant nitrogen content in the grain, although the yield has been increased. Results from such experiments are therefore processed in order to confirm this and show that it is no statistically significant difference between the protein content (and also nitrogen content) in crops which have undergone fungicide treatment compared to crops which remained untreated. The trials processed have been carried out in the southernmost part of Sweden and are distinguished to concern winter wheat production.The explanation to the results is that a healthy crop is able to maintain the biological functions of the plant in a more efficient way than a crop damaged by a fungal infection.