Nematode-transmitted plant viruses (such as nepoviruses) cause great economically losses in commercially important plants such as tomatoes, grapevines and raspberries all over the world. To avoid spread of the viruses the interest in mapping the viruses has increased. One of the important nepoviruses infecting European red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) is Tomato black ring virus (TBRV). TBRV has earlier been confirmed in raspberry samples from Belarus by ELISA and the aim of this bachelor degree project was to confirm these results by amplifying, cloning and sequencing the coat protein (CP) gene of the virus. In total eight viral cDNA samples, from two different raspberry samples, were amplified and sequenced.

Plesiomonas shigelloides is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive rodshaped bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae. P. shigelloides is most frequently isolated in tropical and subtropical areas, but has also been isolated in colder areas for instance in Sweden. The primary natural habitat of the bacterium is fresh water and indirectly waterliving animals, but the bacterium can also be recovered from humans, mammals (of which cats are over-represented), birds, insects and poikilothermic animals. P.

The goal of this project was to make the requirement process at the Swedish Coastguard more effective. The first step to achieve this was done by locating bottle necks in the process with value stream mapping method. The result of this study showed that the biggest restriction in the requirement process was while examining older requirement documents to understand what elements were suitable for the particular project. This was followed by a study of literature, interviews and theory of Lean Production with the ambition to investigate how the requirement process was handled on other companies and how to improve the process on the Swedish coast guard. This led to a number of potential enhancements of the process which later was evaluated. Requirements written by different people in different organizations were analyzed in order to sort out if there were some similarities? which could be used as standard elements in a future standardization of the process.

The thick-shelled river mussel (Unio crassus) is a red listed species classified as Endangered (EN) and is also considered within the Habitats Directive. The distribution in Sweden is fragmented and it is mostly occurring in the south eastern parts. We investigated the presence of Unio crassus in a section of the stream Storån, Östergötland County, from Falerum to the inflow into Lake Åkervristen. The environmental parameters investigated were water depth, bottom substrate, shading, water velocity and the slope over the water surface. In this thesis I have focused mainly on water depth and shading, comparing sites with and without mussels.

Successful forest regeneration is a prerequisite for sustainable forest management. Therefore, it is important to prevent browsing damage on the commercially important tree species Scots pine. In this study I have tested a new alternative way to increase the available amount of forage and increase the use of these resources by especially moose. The method is based on a slash treatment at harvest, where the accessibility of slash as forage is increased during final felling or commercial thinning by gathering the slash and putting the Scots pine slash on top of the slash piles. This study has compared the availability of forage, the amount of browsed biomass and the number of fecal pellet groups between conventional and slash treated stands after final felling and commercial thinning in southern Sweden.

Predation is a strong dective force on invertebrate prey. Asellus aquaticus differs in pigmentation reed and submerged vegetation habitats in lakes. Light pigmented individuals al vegetation dominated by Chara sp. while dark pigmented individuals dominate in the reeds. These differences have been hypothesized to result from background matching.

The aim for this thesis was to develop a proposal of documentation, containing rules and procedures, which JernströmOffset needs to acquire the Certified Graphic Production certification. A fundamental part was to study the materialissued by Sveriges Grafiska Mediaförening, to clarify the requirements that must be met to obtain the certification. Therecommendations found in the CGP material must also be considered.Based on the requirements and recommendations of Certified Graphic Production, a mapping of the workflows atJernström Offset was performed. It was done by interviewing employees from different departments at the company,this to get a clear understanding of the operations carried out throughout the production flow and the final qualityfollow-up.During our reviewing process we found that a number of changes, in terms of working environment and practices,must be made at the company. As a result of this we propose some appropriate actions to be implemented.The documentation was finally written, through the requirements and recommendations of Certified GraphicProduction and then applied to Jernström Offset?s work procedures..

Den här uppsatsen försöker besvara frågan om hur man kan förmedla känslor, tankar och stämningar till människor med trädgården som medium. Uppsatsen söker även svar på om man specifikt kan designa gröna miljöer som riktar sig till människor som går igenom ett sorgearbete. Här ges exempel på flera olika designteorier och olika sätt att tänka kring hur man skapar meningsfulla landskap. Därefter presenteras forskning kring hur människor tar sig igenom ett sorgearbete och bemöter känslor av sorg. Uppsatsen tar även upp Appelton?s teorier kring habitat och prospect/refuge och hur människan förhåller sig till rummet. Vad som avgör vår känsla av trygghet och de underliggande mönstren i hur vi läser av vår omgivning. I den avslutande delen av litteraturstudien går jag närmare in på hur man kan skapa helande miljöer för människor som genomgår ett sorgearbete. I uppsatsen ingår även två utformningsförslag som är baserade på den tidigare genomgångna litteraturen kring hur man skapar trygga och helande miljöer.

Då dagens konflikter ofta utspelar sig mitt ibland civilbefolkningen och där aktörerna kan utgöras av allt från miliser till kriminella gäng ställs det nya krav på de militära förmågorna för att kunna agera i dessa komplexa miljöer. En generell trend för dagens artilleriförband är att de används till att verka mot mindre målgrupper utgörandes av två till fyra personer. Erfarenheter från konflikter i likhet med de i Irak och Afghanistan har visat på vikten av tillgång till precisionsbekämpning med indirekt eld för att undvika förluster bland de civila. En förutsättning för att kunna genomföra precisionbekämpning är att målets position kan lägesbestämmas med en mycket hög noggrannhet.Med hjälp av ett digitalt eldledningsstödssystem innehållandes en tredimensionell digital karta kopplat till EOI:et kan positionsfel i måluttaget i en urban miljö reduceras till under metern. .

Denna rapport presenterar en undersökning av sex olika objekt-relationsmappningsramverk, nämligen Entity Framework, LINQ to SQL, NHibernate, Castle ActiveRecord, MyGeneration Doodads och Subsonic. Undersökningen redogör för styrkor och svagheter hos de olika ramverken samt diskuterar när respektive ramverk är lämpligt att använda.De ramverk som bedömdes vara mest intressanta var NHibernate och Entity Framework, då de erbjuder flexibel mappning mellan domänmodellen och det underliggande databasschemat samt god tillgång till dokumentation och litteratur.Undersökningen användes som grund för att besluta vilket av de aktuella ramverken som skulle användas vid en omskrivning av en existerande applikation för IT-konsultföretaget Sogeti. Det ramverk som ansågs mest lämpligt för applikationen var NHibernate..

Wood pellets are an upgraded product of residuals from several wood processing industries, for example saw mills and pulp industries. The pellets are produced by pressing the milled and dried sawdust to cylindrical units with a higher density than the initial raw material. Pellets have great benefits compared to the raw material: high energy per volume, good transport and storage properties and homogeneity. Several parameters collaborate in the whole process, which makes it complex. Wood is a heterogeneous material, chemically and structurally dependent on wood parts, habitat and storage procedures.

The aim of this review is to assess the ethical implications of aquaculture, regarding fish welfare and environmental aspects. The aquaculture industry has grown substantially the last decades, both as a result of the over-fishing of wild fish populations, and because of the increasing consumer demand for fish meat. As the industry is growing, a significant amount of research on the subject is being conducted, monitoring the effects of aquaculture on the environment and on animal welfare. The areas of concern when it comes to animal welfare have here been divided into four different stages: breeding period; growth period; capturing and handling; and slaughter. Besides these stages, this report includes a chapter on the current evidence of fish sentience, since this issue is still being debated among biologists.

Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka behovet av att i förskolan kartlägga barns språkutveckling. Vi har även studerat i vilket syfte kartläggning sker och vilka metoder som används. Särskilt intresse har riktats mot TRAS - Tidig Registrering Av Språkutveckling, och några pedagogers uppfattning om detta material. Vår undersökning bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer av fyra specialpedagoger samt enkäter som besvarats av personal på totalt 32 förskolor.Barns språkutveckling är komplex och påverkas av många faktorer. I enlighet med tidigare forskning visar vårt resultat att kartläggning är nödvändigt för att kunna se vilka behov en viss barngrupp har och därmed kunna anpassa verksamheten efter barnens utvecklingsnivå.

The Lodgepole pines susceptibility to Heterobasidion spp. was investigated in three parts ofthis study. In the first part, discs from freshly cut stumps were collected and analyzed to seeif the fungi can spread and grow naturally in Lodgepole pine stands. In the second part, rootsamples were collected from Lodgepole pines planted in former infected Norway sprucestands to see if the fungi can spread through root contacts. For the third part, new stumpswas created and artificially infected with spores of both the S?type (H.

Vole populations in northern Scandinavia vary in cycles with peaks every third or fourth year as described by the National Environmental Monitoring Programme of small mammals (NEMP). Some vole species have declined in population numbers since the NEMP started in 1971, especially the grey-sided vole (Myodes rufocanus) which is nearly extinct in the forested region. Since small mammals are an important food source for several avian and mammalian predators, the decline in vole numbers is expected to have consequences for the whole food chain, especially if other vole species start to decline in numbers. This study tried to test the hypothesis that presence and abundance of M. rufocanus (a specialist species) and Myodes glareolus (a generalist species) can be predicted by patch size and connectivity of forest patches >60 years old with a minimum of 15% pine >100years old.