This thesis was carried out to give some background information to a report of SLU (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) for the Swedish National Rail Administration (Banverket). The requested information was to provide basic data for an environmental impact assessment of the construction of the tunnel through Hallandsås. The aim with the thesis work was to discuss and quantify the leaching of nitrate and the emission of nitrous oxide from the soil at the groundwater level established through the tunnel project. The nitrogen related processes that could be affected were described and discussed. The different areas where a decreased groundwater level can cause changes in the nitrogen processes are the wet and moist areas.

There are a great possibility to shorten the time between mowing and preservation by spreading of ley crops in connection to the conditioning. In this case the cellular respiration (the plants breeding that consume sugar until the crop is ensiled) should not continue as long and the forage will perhaps get a higher nutritional value. The capacity of the next machine could also be higher because the rake gives swaths with a lot of material. There is also a possibility that spreading of ley crops gives the material a more homogeneous content of dry matter and that gives a reduced growth of clostridium. This is particularly important when the method of harvest doesn?t include any mixing of the material like it does with a round baler or silagewagon.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur lantbruksföretag använder strategier vid utökning av åkerareal samt vilka faktorer som påverkar strategierna. Åkermark är en nyckelresurs i lantbruksföretag och krävs för att producera livsmedel. I Sveriges slättområden ses en ökad konkurrens om åkermarken på grund av markens goda avkastning och det faktum att lantbruksföretagen omfattar allt mer åkerareal. Strategier används för att företaget ska nå sina uppsatta mål och visioner, vilket blir mer väsentligt då konkurrensen från andra aktörer på marknaden är stor. Användandet av en strategi kan även skapa konkurrensfördelar åt företaget. Uppsatsen bygger på en kvalitativ ansats och fallstudier gjorda på tre lantbruksföretag i slättområden i Östergötland.

The textile business is one of the oldest industries of our time, and it employs nearly 1.4 million workers within the European Union alone. It is not unusual that this is the foundation of a country?s industrialisation. Even though the industry brings many positive factors, there are also negative factors that will influence the industry?s growth in the future.

This Master degree project has been performed at the Braviken paper mill on papermachine 53 (PM53) which produces newsprint paper. The current economic situationhas contributed to declining demand for newsprint, which means it is extra important tobe competitive by high energy efficiency. Particularly as energy prices are expected torise when the economic growth returns.One way to increase energy efficiency is by reducing the water use in paper and pulpmills and consequently save energy through reduced heating of water. The thesis's maintask is to evaluate whether a water purification plant (microflotation plant) forpurification of process water in PM 53 is profitable. The microflotation plant enablesreuse of warm process water instead of losing the energy to receiving waters.

Fieldstudys on 22 farms (23 silos) to study relationships between the actual particle size of the maize silage and the theoretical length of cut. The measure of theoretical length of cut were stated by the farmers and not measured by us. Particle size of maize silage was determined using the New Penn State Forage Particle Separator. SLU Skara made a special sieve for us, that had larger holes than de original sieves. The samples were shaken after instructions and then the material was weighted. We have also been taking out samples for microbiological analyses from the silos on 13 of the farms.

I Sverige drabbas närmare 8000 kvinnor av bröstcancer varje år. Bröstcancer är vanligast hos kvinnor över 40 år och utgör 30 % av alla cancersjukdomar hos kvinnor. Cirka 25 % av alla bröstcancerformer är HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor) -positiva. HER2-positiv bröstcancer resulterar i en aggressiv fenotyp och en väldigt dålig prognos.  Varje år får cirka 1300 ? 1400 bröstcancerpatienter en spridning av sin sjukdom.

Castration of dogs holds many reasons and opinions, therefore methods, traditions and rea-sons vary. The approaches have during time changed from mostly surgical castrations to also including hormonal treatments. Castration is used to control the dog's reproductive abilities, for medical reasons and to possibly rectify problems of behavioral nature. How common a particular method of castration is in a country is highly dependent on the country's traditions. In Sweden it is most common with castration for medical reasons, such as possible elimina-tion of diseases, for example, benign colorectal tumors.

Varje år genomför Södra skogsägarna gallringsuppföljning av samtliga maskinlag som gallrar för Södra. En del av bestånden som blir uppföljda har en låg grundyta efter gallringen, utan att de har blivit gallrade hårt. Målen med rapporten var att undersöka om dessa bestånd har några särskilda egenskaper som gör att man kan identifiera dem före gallring och undvika att de blir för glesa samt studera effekterna av ett glest bestånd. Totalt inventerades 19 granbestånd som blivit första gallrade och inventerade för fyra eller fem år sedan. Vid den tidigare inventeringen så hade tio bestånd låg grundyta och nio hade en normal grundyta efter gallringen. Vid inventeringen klavades samma träd i brösthöjd som vid det första tillfället, vidare mättes höjden på det grövsta trädet på provytan-. Södra nyttjar simuleringsverktyget INGVAR för att skatta tillväxt och se gallringsbehov.

I Sverige drabbas närmare 8000 kvinnor av bröstcancer varje år. Bröstcancer är vanligast hos kvinnor över 40 år och utgör 30 % av alla cancersjukdomar hos kvinnor. Cirka 25 % av alla bröstcancerformer är HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor) -positiva. HER2-positiv bröstcancer resulterar i en aggressiv fenotyp och en väldigt dålig prognos.  Varje år får cirka 1300 ? 1400 bröstcancerpatienter en spridning av sin sjukdom.

At the beginning of 2011, Sweden started using the European rules for structural design, the Eurocodes, instead of the previous national rules. In both the previous rules and the Eurocodes, it is possible to dimension concrete columns using tabled values. However, the required cross section measurements have increased considerably. Moreover, it is possible to dimension concrete columns using calculations, however, this is unusual.The development of a fire in a fire cell can be divided into the growth stage, the fully developed fire and the cooling phase. The duration of each phase, as well as the temperature, is dependent on a number of factors, e.g.

Pine twisting rust (Melampsora pinitorqua) is a parasitic rust fungus found all across Sweden causing damage resulting in lower quality and reduced tree growth in pine stands. In Sweden, the fungus is dependent on two alternate hosts; European aspen (Populus tremula) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Pine twisting rust has five different spore stages, two of them (uredinio- and teliospores) on the leaves of aspen. Injures on aspen caused by pine twisting rust is not extensive. On the other hand, when it infects the annual shoots of Scots pine it often results in a bent steam or even a top shoot breakage.

In 2003 the recommended phosphorus allowance for dairy cows in Sweden was lowered approximately 10 %. For a cow at a production level of 35 kg ECM it decreased from 0,40 to 0,36 % of dry matter. To investigate if the decrease has been implemented at farm level, analysis of following minerals; P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, S, Se, Cu, Mn and Zn was performed on the TMR at 20 farms in Sweden in the summer of 2004. The purpose was to describe the actual allowance of different minerals as compared to the new recommendations. One hypothesis was that the decrease in recommended allowance of phosphorus would lead to the need of new mineral feeds on the market.

In Europe, the central governments are the ones to coordinate the international standards and strategies regarding GPP; Green Public Procurement. However in Spain a GPP program was introduced late and only applied to the Central Government Institutions, (AGEA) (BOE nr. 027, 2008). These means that smaller administrations, such as, Autonomous Regions, Municipalities and Town Councils were not included in the program. The absence of a national program which excludes those governments made them introduce their own criteria for GPP, and the difference in criteria varies from one government to the other.

I Sverige drabbas närmare 8000 kvinnor av bröstcancer varje år. Bröstcancer är vanligast hos kvinnor över 40 år och utgör 30 % av alla cancersjukdomar hos kvinnor. Cirka 25 % av alla bröstcancerformer är HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor) -positiva. HER2-positiv bröstcancer resulterar i en aggressiv fenotyp och en väldigt dålig prognos.  Varje år får cirka 1300 ? 1400 bröstcancerpatienter en spridning av sin sjukdom.