One of the most commonly used methods for analysis of polyphenols is the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method, where the FC reagent has been reported to interfere with some substances in fruit juices. The interfering substance that is present in the highest amount in most fruit juices is ascorbic acid. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) of three fruit juices was analysed by the FC method as well as with an enzymatic method with hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase type II (HRP) for comparison. To investigate how the interfering ascorbic acid affects the TPC, juice samples were analysed after removal and addition, respectively, of ascorbic acid. The samples were analysed with HPLC both before and after the extraction phase of the FC method.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, fMRI, can be used for analyzing brain activity in subjects performing language tasks. The purpose of this study was to develop aphasia-friendly information adjusted to aphasic subjects participating in fMRI studies. The objectives were to investigate if adjusted information was important for the ability to perform language tasks and if the information could be used for different types of aphasia.Sixteen aphasic subjects participated in the study, six of these underwent fMRI. The participants varied in grade and type of aphasia. They had Swedish as their native language and were aged between 26 and 89, mean 57.

Background: Currently Sweden has the possibility to like other EU countries raise the limits of statutory audit, but have chosen significantly lower limits. The reform was adopted in 2010 and only applies to smaller companies and there is great pressure for the limits to rise in future. This would enable Swedish companies to compete on equal terms in Europe. Aim: The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of the removal of the statutory audit for smaller companies from audit and accounting bureaus perspective and also the possible impact if the limits were to rise. Furthermore we want to explore how the supplies of other financial services have developed as a result of this.

The aim of this study was to investigate the intraoperative surgical stress response in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy and to compare acepromazine and medetomidine as premedications. 15 dogs diagnosed with pyometra were used in this study. Blood pressure and heart rate were used as parameters to measure surgical stress response. The surgery was divided into four phases. Phase 0 was the period 10 minutes before the skin incision, phase 1 was skin incision and opening of abdomen, phase 2 was manipulation of uterine horns, ligation and transection of mesovarium and phase 3 was ligation of cervix, removal of organs and closing the abdomen. The results showed that phase 2 was the most intense phase of surgical stress, regardless of which premedication the dogs received. When acepromazine and medetomidine were compared the results showed that within phase 3, all dogs that were given medetomidine had higher blood pressure compared to dogs that were given acepromazine. The dogs that were given acepromazine had higher heart rate than the dogs that were given medetomidine in phase 0, phase 2 and phase 3. .

The concept of large paintings includes panoramas, cycloramas and other paintings thatin size exceeds the normal magnitude of wall hung paintings. When these large paintingsare mounted in the ceiling, they are referred to as plafonds. When they are performedon canvas, certain kinds of structural distortions and stress occurs. In addition, becauseof their size and mounting high up in the ceiling, plafond paintings are often difficult tohandle, which leads to less or no maintenance. A plafond may therefore be left withoutattendance for many decades.This thesis has its focus on what happens with plafond paintings on canvas when they areexposed to gravitational forces, and the problems involved in restoring large paintingsmounted in the ceiling.

This multiple use forestry plan is made on the property Basunda which is located in the southern parts of the province Östergötland. The owners of the property today are Jonas and Ulrik Saanum, but it has been in the family since their grandfather bought it 1933. There is a slaughterhouse on the property in which they take care of domestic cattle and animals from the forest. Jonas and Ulrik are also dedicated hunters. These are the two reasons to why the focus is wildlife and wildlife management. The question at issue of this work is simplified: what demands does the wildlife have; and how will the owners be able to fulfill these, what changes in the forest management must be made and will these changes result in a different budget, compared to the ordinary forest management. This work is based from a freshly made forestry management plan. I based my fieldwork on this plan, but made my own management proposals, that would benefit the game.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen var att undersöka hur elever definierar ?eget skapande?, vilket är en term som används i läroplanen för de obligatoriska skolformerna och i kursplanen i bild. Jag har också undersökt om elever på högstadiet håller på med något eget skapande på fritiden och om de tycker att det finns tillräckligt med tid för eget skapande på bilden i skolan.Studien består dels av en enkätundersökning där 84 elever på högstadiet har svarat och dels av intervjuer med fyra av eleverna. Resultatet visar att dessa elever har olika uppfattning om vad som är eget skapande. En stor del av eleverna har använt sig av ordet ?själv? i sina definitioner, antingen i bemärkelsen att man arbetar själv under bildskapandet eller i den mening att man själv kommer på vad som ska skapas.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen var att undersöka hur elever definierar ?eget skapande?, vilket är en term som används i läroplanen för de obligatoriska skolformerna och i kursplanen i bild. Jag har också undersökt om elever på högstadiet håller på med något eget skapande på fritiden och om de tycker att det finns tillräckligt med tid för eget skapande på bilden i skolan.Studien består dels av en enkätundersökning där 84 elever på högstadiet har svarat och dels av intervjuer med fyra av eleverna. Resultatet visar att dessa elever har olika uppfattning om vad som är eget skapande. En stor del av eleverna har använt sig av ordet ?själv? i sina definitioner, antingen i bemärkelsen att man arbetar själv under bildskapandet eller i den mening att man själv kommer på vad som ska skapas.

Background: In Sweden around 6500 women suffer each year from breast cancer and during lifetime every tenth women is affected. Mastectomy (removal of part of or the whole breast) is carried out mostly in purpose to remove malign tumours or in prophylactic purpose. The breast can be rebuilt through breast reconstruction. Method: The result analysis was based on nine articles. A Manifest content analysis was used and data from the articles where divided into themes and patterns, on the basis of these categories were created.

Övervikt och fetma beror främst på dåliga kost- och motionsvanor, vanor som grundläggs i tidig ålder. Eftersom cirka 80 procent av svenska barn går i förskolan och spenderar mycket av sin tid där, äter de även många av dagens måltider i förskolan. Detta innebär att förskolan har en betydelsefull roll när det gäller att skapa goda matvanor hos barnen.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka på vilket sätt ett antal förskolor i en kommun i mellersta Sverige ar-betade för just detta. Syftet var även att se hur pedagogerna såg på sin egen roll för att främja goda kostvanor hos barnen. Den metod som användes var kvantitativ genom enkäter som delades ut till trettiofyra pedagoger på fyra olika förskolor i kommunens innerstad.

The field trial Exploatering av höga P-AL-tal (Exploiting P in heavily P dressed soils) started in 1982-1983 and included seventeen study sites placed across Sweden. Each site included three treatments, one unfertilized control (A), one aiming at replenishment of harvest removal, i.e. fertilized with 15 kg P ha-1 year-1 (B) and one over-fertilized (C) with 30 kg P ha-1 year-1. In this thesis data from the five longestrunning study sites are analysed based on four hypotheses. The hypotheses stated that in soils with high P-AL values and a pH over 6.0 P-AL will not decrease over time in the control (A) or in the replenishment treatment (B), that P-AL and P-HCl in the top soil will increase at all sites for the over-fertilized treatment (C) and that yields will not decrease as long as the P-AL is above 12 mg P 100 g-1 soil. My conclusions from the analysis of data from the selected sites are as follows: - A pH above 6.0 cannot guarantee a stable P-AL value in an unfertilized but phosphorus-rich soil. - The P-AL of unfertilized soils decreased faster at lower soil pH than at higher pH. - In the replenishment treatment (B) the rate of P-AL decrease seems to fall at a pH of 6.5. However, the influence of the soil type cannot be ignored. - P-AL and P-HCl did not increase in all over-fertilized treatments.

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and it usually affects elderly women. However, there are between 600-700 cases per year in Sweden where women under the age of 45 are diagnosed. Removal of the breast or part of the breast, hair loss, fatigue and nausea as a result of the breast cancer treatment has an emotional and physical impact on the women?s lifeworld. The nurse should build a relationship with the women to identify and meet their needs. Aim: To describe younger women?s experiences of getting a breast cancer diagnosis and life afterwards.Method: Four biographical books were analyzed to match the aim of the study.Result: The findings were that the women experience similar thoughts and feelings when it comes to living with a cancer diagnosis.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen var att undersöka hur elever definierar ?eget skapande?, vilket är en term som används i läroplanen för de obligatoriska skolformerna och i kursplanen i bild. Jag har också undersökt om elever på högstadiet håller på med något eget skapande på fritiden och om de tycker att det finns tillräckligt med tid för eget skapande på bilden i skolan.Studien består dels av en enkätundersökning där 84 elever på högstadiet har svarat och dels av intervjuer med fyra av eleverna. Resultatet visar att dessa elever har olika uppfattning om vad som är eget skapande. En stor del av eleverna har använt sig av ordet ?själv? i sina definitioner, antingen i bemärkelsen att man arbetar själv under bildskapandet eller i den mening att man själv kommer på vad som ska skapas.

One key factor in silviculture today is sustainability. In order to achieve sustainability it may be important to restore lost nutrients to the forest after clearcutting. In order to calculate the removal, you need to know how much of different elements you will find in different tree compartments. The aim of this study was to investigate if the concentration of elements in different tree compartments of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) were related to the moisture conditions of the site. Five plots at Risfallet (60º 21´ N, 16º 13´ E), was placed along a moisture gradient in a 40- year spruce stand.

Background: With the removal of audit requirement for companies in Sweden from the first of november 2010, a lot of companies has chosen not to keep the audit requirement. So far 57 percent of the small companies has chosen to keep the audit, in spite of that they don´t need to which led us to the problem statement: Which are the factors that affect a small limited company to choose to keep the audit, in spite that now there is a possibility to choose not to use audit anymore?Purpose: The purpose of the essay is to examine why small limited companies choose to keep the audit, in spite that now there is a possibility to choose not to use audit?Method: This research founds itself in a qualitative study with a deductive research approach. We have been studying secondary data in books and articles and preformed 29 phone interviews with small ltd company owners in Sweden. The selection consisted of 14 companies with credit debts and 15 companies without credit debts.